A secure base for mindful dreaming: dispositional and contextually variable attachment security and the experiential quality of dreams

References

• Ainsworth, M. D. S., & Bell, S. M. (1970). Attachment, exploration, and separation: Illustrated by the behavior of one-year-olds in a strange situation. Child Development, 41, 49–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspelmeier, J. E., & Kerns, K. A. (2003). Love and school: Attachment/exploration dynamics in college. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 20, 5–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banai, E., Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2005). “Selfobject” needs in Kohut’s self psychology: Links with attachment, self-cohesion, affect regulation, and adjustment. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 22, 224–260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belfiore, L. A., & Pietrowsky, R. (2017). Attachment styles and nightmares in adults. Dreaming, 27, 59–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1969/1982). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nded.). New York: Basic Books. Original work published 1969.
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Sadness and depression. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Clinical applications of attachment theory. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult romantic attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46–76). New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burkhart, M. L., Borelli, J. L., Rasmussen, H. F., Brody, R., & Sbarra, D. A. (2017). Parental mentalizing as an indirect link between attachment anxiety and parenting satisfaction. Journal of Family Psychology, 31, 203–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnelley, K. B., & Ruscher, J. B. (2000). Adult attachment and exploratory behavior in leisure. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15, 153–165.
   Google Scholar
• Cartwright, R. D. (2010). The twenty-four hour mind: The role of sleep and dreaming in our emotional lives. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cassidy, J., & Kobak, R. R. (1988). Avoidance and its relationship with other defensive processes. In J. Belsky & T. Nezworski (Eds.), Clinical implications of attachment (pp. 300–323). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (2016). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1994). Cognitive representations of attachment: The structure and function of working models. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships: Attachment processes in adulthood (Vol. 5, pp. 53–92). London: Jessica Kingsley.
   Google Scholar
• Contelmo, G., Hart, J., & Levine, E. H. (2013). Dream orientation as a function of hyperactivating and deactivating attachment strategies. Self and Identity, 12, 357–369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordon, S. L., Brown, K. W., & Gibson, P. R. (2009). The role of mindfulness-based stress reduction on perceived stress: Preliminary evidence for the moderating role of attachment style. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23, 258–269.
   Google Scholar
• Doron, Y. (2009). Conceptualization and operationalization of individual differences in the functioning of the exploration behavioral system(Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
   Google Scholar
• Dykas, M. J., & Cassidy, J. (2011). Attachment and the processing of social information across the life span: Theory and evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 19–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., & Allison, E. (2012). What is mentalization? The concept and its foundations in developmental research. In N. Midgley & I. Vrouva (Eds.), Minding the child: Mentalization-based interventions with children, young people and their families (pp. 11–34). New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., Steele, M., Steele, H., Moran, G. S., & Higgitt, A. C. (1991). The capacity for understanding mental states: The reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security of attachment. Infant Mental Health Journal, 12, 201–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fossati, A., Feeney, J., Maffei, C., & Borroni, S. (2014). Thinking about feelings: Affective state mentalization, attachment styles, and borderline personality disorder features among Italian nonclinical adolescents. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 31, 41–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraley, R. C., & Shaver, P. R. (2000). Adult romantic attachment: Theoretical developments, emerging controversies, and unanswered questions. Review of General Psychology, 4, 132–154.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, S. (1900/1966). The interpretation of dreams. New York: Avon. Original work published 1900.
   Google Scholar
• Gillath, O., Hart, J., Noftle, E. E., & Stockdale, G. D. (2009). Development and validation of a state adult attachment measure (SAAM). Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 362–373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, J. D., & Campbell, W. K. (2000). Attachment and exploration in adults: Chronic and contextual accessibility. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 452–461.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadash, Y., Segev, N., Tanay, G., Goldstein, P., & Bernstein, A. (2016). The decoupling model of equanimity: Theory, measurement, and test in a mindfulness intervention. Mindfulness, 7, 1214–1226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann, E. (1998). Dreams and nightmares. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, C. E. (Ed.). (2004). Dream work in therapy: Facilitating exploration, insight, and action. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, N. P., Papadakis, A. A., Hogan, C. M., & Strauman, T. J. (2009). Over and over again: Rumination, reflection, and promotion goal failure and their interactive effects on depressive symptoms. Behavior Research and Therapy, 47, 254–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion.
   Google Scholar
• LaBerge, S. (1985). Lucid dreaming. New York: TarcherPerigee.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, M. N., & Kuiken, D. (2015). Continuity of reflective awareness across waking and dreaming states. Dreaming, 25, 141–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luke, M. A., Sedikides, C., & Carnelley, K. (2012). Your love lifts me higher! The energizing quality of secure relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38, 721–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara, P. (1996). REM sleep: A social bonding mechanism. New Ideas in Psychology, 14, 35–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara, P., Andresen, J., Clark, J., Zborowski, M., & Duffy, C. A. (2001). Impact of attachment styles on dream recall and dream content: A test of the attachment hypothesis of REM sleep. Journal of Sleep Research, 10, 117–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara, P., Pace-Schott, E. F., Johnson, P., Harris, E., & Auerbach, S. (2011). Sleep architecture and sleep-related mentation in securely and insecurely attached people. Attachment & Human Development, 13, 141–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikulincer, M. (1997). Adult attachment style and information processing: Individual differences in curiosity and cognitive closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1217–1230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikulincer, M., & Florian, V. (2000). Exploring individual differences in reactions to mortality salience - Does attachment style regulate terror management mechanisms? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 260–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2001). Attachment theory and intergroup bias: Evidence that priming the secure base schema attenuates negative reactions to out-groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 97–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Boosting attachment security to promote mental health, prosocial values, and inter-group tolerance. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 139–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2016). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., & Avihou-Kanza, N. (2011). Individual differences in adult attachment are systematically related to dream narratives. Attachment & Human Development, 13, 105–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Gillath, O., & Nitzberg, R. A. (2005). Attachment, caregiving, and altruism: Boosting attachment security increases compassion and helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 817–839.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., & Rom, E. (2011). The effects of implicit and explicit security priming on creative problem solving. Cognition and Emotion, 25, 519–531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, T. A., Zadra, A. L., Simard, V., Saucier, S., Stenstrom, P., Smith, C., & Kuiken, D. (2003). The typical dreams of Canadian university students. Dreaming, 13, 211–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogden, T. (1986). The matrix of the mind: Object relations and the psychoanalytic dialogue. New York: Jason Aronson.
   Google Scholar
• Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (2nd ed. ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Rider, R., Shenoy, P., Mandel, S., & Swirsky-Sacchetti, T. (2008). The relationship between sleep and neuropsychological functioning. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22, 425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi, E. L. (2000). Dreams, consciousness, spirit: The quantum experience of self-reflection and co-creation. Phoenix, AZ: Zeig Tucker & Theisen.
   Google Scholar
• Saavedra, M. C., Chapman, K. E., & Rogge, R. D. (2010). Clarifying links between attachment and relationship quality: Hostile conflict and mindfulness as moderators. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 380–390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schredl, M., Ciric, P., Götz, S., & Wittmann, L. (2004). Typical dreams: Stability and gender differences. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 138, 485–494.
   Google Scholar
• Selterman, D., Apetroaia, A., & Waters, E. (2012). Script-like attachment representations in dreams containing current romantic partners. Attachment & Human Development, 14, 501–515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selterman, D., & Drigotas, S. (2009). Attachment styles and emotional content, stress, and conflict in dreams of romantic partners. Dreaming, 19, 135–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaver, P. R., Lavy, S., Saron, C. D., & Mikulincer, M. (2007). Social foundations of the capacity for mindfulness: An attachment perspective. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 264–271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2002). Attachment-related psychodynamics. Attachment & Human Development, 4, 133–161.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stevenson, J. C., Emerson, L., & Millings, A. (2017). The relationship between adult attachment orientation and mindfulness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 8, 1438–1455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trapnell, P. D., & Campbell, J. D. (1999). Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 284–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venta, A., & Sharp, C. (2015). Mentalizing mediates the relation between attachment and peer problems among inpatient adolescents. Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy, 14, 323–340.
   Google Scholar
• Weber, C., & Federico, C. M. (2007). Interpersonal attachment and patterns of ideological belief. Political Psychology, 28, 389–416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, J. H., & Shrout, P. E. (2013). Assessing the reliability of change: A comparison of two measures of adult attachment. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 202–208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar