Convergent validity and stability of secure base script knowledge from young adulthood to midlife

References

• Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978/2015). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, J. P., McElhaney, K. B., Kuperminc, G. P., & Jodl, K. M. (2004). Stability and change in attachment security across adolescence. Child Development, 75(6), 1792–1805. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00817.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (1993). A psychometric study of the Adult Attachment Interview: Reliability and discriminant validity. Developmental Psychology, 29(5), 870–879. http://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.29.5.870
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth‐LaForce, C., Groh, A. M., Burchinal, M. R., Roisman, G. I., Owen, M. T., & Cox, M. J. (2014). The adult attachment interview: Psychometrics, stability and change from infancy, and developmental origins: V Caregiving and contextual sources of continuity and change in attachment security from infancy to late adolescence. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 79(3), 67–84. http://doi.10.1111/mono.12114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bost, K. K., Shin, N., Mcbride, B. A., Brown, G. L., Vaughn, B. E., Coppola, G., Veríssimo, M., Monteiro, L., & Korth, B. (2006). Maternal secure base scripts, children’s attachment security, and mother – Child narrative styles. Attachment & Human Development, 8(3), 241–260. http://doi.10.1080/14616730600856131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1969/1982). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nd ed.). Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation. Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss. Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bretherton, I. (1987). New perspectives on attachment relations: Security, communication and internal working models. In J. Osofsky (Ed.), Handbook of infant development (pp. 1061–1100). Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Burke, S. N., & Barnes, C. A. (2006). Neural plasticity in the ageing brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7(1), 30–40. http://doi.10.1038/nrn1809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson, K. D., & Herdman, A. O. (2012). Understanding the impact of convergent validity on research results. Organizational Research Methods, 15(1), 17–32. http://doi.org/10.1177/1094428110392383
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C. K., Waters, H. S., Hartman, M., Zimmerman, S., Miklowitz, D. J., & Waters, E. (2013). The secure base script and the task of caring for elderly parents: Implications for attachment theory and clinical practice. Attachment & Human Development, 15(3), 332–348. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2013.782658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coppola, G., Vaughn, B. E., Cassibba, R., & Costantini, A. (2006). The attachment script representation procedure in an Italian sample: Associations with adult attachment Interview scales and with maternal sensitivity. Attachment & Human Development, 8(3), 209–219. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616730600856065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowell, J. A., Treboux, D., Gao, Y., Fyffe, C., Pan, H., & Waters, E. (2002). Assessing secure base behavior in adulthood: Development of a measure, links to adult attachment representations and relations to couples’ communication and reports of relationships. Developmental Psychology, 38(5), 679–693. http://doi.10.1037/0012-1649.38.5.679
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowell, J. A., Treboux, D., & Waters, E. (2002). Stability of attachment representations: The transition to marriage. Developmental Psychology, 38(4), 467–479. http://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.38.4.467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagan, O., Asok, A., Steele, H., Steele, M., & Bernard, K. (2018). Attachment security moderates the link between adverse childhood experiences and cellular aging. Development and Psychopathology, 30(4), 1211–1223. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417001705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dane, E. (2010). Reconsidering the trade-off between expertise and flexibility: A cognitive entrenchment perspective. Academy of Management Review, 35, 579–603. http://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2010.53502832
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes, M., Veríssimo, M., Santos, A. J., Fernandes, C., Antunes, M., & Vaughn, B. E. (2019). Preschoolers’ secure base script representations predict teachers’ ratings of social competence and externalizing behavior. Attachment & Human Development, 21(3), 265–274. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2019.1575549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraley, R. C. (2002). Attachment stability from infancy to adulthood: Meta-analysis and dynamic modeling of developmental mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(2), 123–151. http://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0602_03
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1987). The adult attachment interview (Unpublished manuscript). University of California, Berkeley.
   Google Scholar
• Groh, A. M., & Haydon, K. C. (2018). Mothers’ neural and behavioral responses to their infants’ distress cues: The role of secure base script knowledge. Psychological Science, 29(2), 242–253. http://doi.org/10.1177/0956797617730320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groh, A. M., Roisman, G. I., Booth‐LaForce, C., Fraley, R. C., Owen, M. T., Cox, M. J., & Burchinal, M. R. (2014). The Adult Attachment Interview: Psychometrics, stability and change from infancy, and developmental origins: IV Stability of attachment security from infancy to late adolescence. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 79(3), 51–66. http://doi.10.1111/mono.12113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groh, A. M., Roisman, G. I., Haydon, K. C., Bost, K., McElwain, N., Garcia, L., & Hester, C. (2015). Mothers’ electrophysiological, subjective, and observed emotional responding to infant crying: The role of secure base script knowledge. Development and Psychopathology, 27(4), 1237–1250. http://doi.10.1017/S0954579414000881
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossmann, K. E., Grossmann, K., & Zimmermann, P. (1999). A wider view of attachment and exploration: Stability and change during the years of immaturity. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 760–786). The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haydon, K. C., Roisman, G. I., Owen, M. T., Booth-LaForce, C., & Cox, M. J. (2014). Shared and distinctive antecedents of AAI state of mind and inferred experience dimensions. The Adult Attachment Interview: Psychometrics, stability and change from infancy, and developmental origins. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 79(3), 108–125. http://doi.10.1111/mono.12116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. In Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hesse, E. (2008). The adult attachment interview: Protocol, method of analysis, and empirical studies. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 552–598). The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Huth-Bocks, A. C., Muzik, M., Beeghly, M., Earls, L., & Stacks, A. M. (2014). Secure base scripts are associated with maternal parenting behavior across contexts and reflective functioning among trauma-exposed mothers. Attachment & Human Development, 16(6), 535–556. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2014.967787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50(1–2), 66–104. http://doi.org/10.2307/3333827
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, J., Anderson, J. E., Groh, A. M., Waters, T. E. A., Young, E., Johnson, W. F., Shankman, J. L., Eller, J., Fleck, C., Steele R. D, Carlson E. A., Roisman, G. I. (2018). Maternal sensitivity during the first 3½ years of life predicts electrophysiological responding to and cognitive appraisals of infant crying at midlife. Developmental Psychology, 54(10), 1917–1927. http://doi.10.1037/dev0000579
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters, J. C., & Wellman, H. M. (1974). The study of human infant attachment: A procedural critique. Psychological Bulletin, 81(4), 218–237. http://doi.10.1037/h0036184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdams, D. P. (2001). The psychology of life stories. Review of General Psychology, 5(2), 100–122. http://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.2.100
   Google Scholar
• McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1994). The stability of personality: Observation and evaluations. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 3(6), 173–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770693
   Google Scholar
• Monteiro, L., Veríssimo, M., Vaughn, B. E., Santos, A. J., & Bost, K. K. (2008). Secure base representations for both fathers and mothers predict children’s secure base behavior in a sample of Portuguese families. Attachment & Human Development, 10(2), 189–206. http://doi.10.1080/14616730802113711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nóblega, M., Bárrig-Jo, P., Gonzalez, L., Fourment, K., Salinas-Quiroz, F., Vizuet, A., & Posada, G. (2019). Secure base scripted knowledge and preschoolers’ social competence in samples from Mexico and Peru. Attachment & Human Development, 21(3), 253–264. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2019.1575548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinquart, M., Feußner, C., & Ahnert, L. (2013). Meta-analytic evidence for stability in attachments from infancy to early adulthood. Attachment & Human Development, 15(2), 189–218. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2013.746257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879. http://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posada, G., Vaughn, B. E., Veríssimo, M., Lu, T., Nichols, O. I., El-Sheikh, M., Trumbell, J. M., Anaya, L., & Kaloustian, G. (2019). Preschoolers’ secure base script representations predict teachers’ ratings of social competence in two independent samples. Attachment & Human Development, 21(3), 238–252. http://doi.10.1080/14616734.2019.1575547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raby, K. L., Cicchetti, D., Carlson, E. A., Egeland, B., & Collins, W. A. (2013). Genetic contributions to continuity and change in attachment security: A prospective, longitudinal investigation from infancy to young adulthood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(11), 1223–1230. http://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz, S. K., Waters, T. E., & Yates, T. M. (2019). Children’s secure base script knowledge as a mediator between early life stress and later behavior problems. Attachment & Human Development, 1-16. http://doi.10.1080/14616734.2019.1672079
   Google Scholar
• Schank, R. (1999). Dynamic memory revisited. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schank, R., & Abelson, R. (1977). Scripts, plans, goals, and understanding: An inquiry into human knowledge structures. Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Schoenmaker, C., Juffer, F., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Linting, M., van der Voort, A., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2015). From maternal sensitivity in infancy to adult attachment representations: A longitudinal adoption study with secure base scripts. Attachment & Human Development, 17(3), 241–256. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2015.1037315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, N. (2019). Preschoolers’ secure base script representations in relations to social competence, maternal narrative style and content in a Korean sample. Attachment & Human Development, 21(3), 275–288. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2019.1575550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., Carlson, E. A., & Collins, W. A. (2009). The development of the person: The Minnesota study of risk and adaptation from birth to adulthood. Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sroufe, L. A., & Waters, E. (1977). Attachment as an organizational construct. Child Development, 48(4), 1184–1199. http://doi.org/10.2307/1128475
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steele, R. D., Waters, T. E. A., Bost, K. K., Vaughn, B. E., Truitt, W., Waters, H. S., Booth-LaForce, C., & Roisman, G. I. (2014). Caregiving antecedents of secure base script knowledge: A comparative analysis of young adult attachment representations. Developmental Psychology, 50(11), 2526–2538. http://doi.10.1037/a0037992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaughn, B., Egeland, B., Sroufe, L. A., & Waters, E. (1979). Individual differences in infant-mother attachment at twelve and eighteen months: Stability and change in families under stress. Child Development, 50(4), 971-975. http://doi.10.2307/1129321
   Google Scholar
• Vaughn, B. E., Coppola, G., Verissimo, M., Monteiro, L., Santos, A. J., Posada, G., Carbonell, O. A., Plata, S. J., Waters, H. S., Bost, K. K., McBride, B., Shin, N., & Korth, B. (2007). The quality of maternal secure-base scripts predicts children’s secure-base behavior at home in three sociocultural groups. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31(1), 65–76. http://doi.10.1177/0165025407073574
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaughn, B. E., Posada, G., Veríssimo, M., Lu, T., & Nichols, O. I. (2019). Assessing and quantifying the secure base script from narratives produced by preschool age children: Justification and validation tests. Attachment & Human Development, 21(3), 225–237. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2019.1575546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaughn, B. E., Veríssimo, M., Coppola, G., Bost, K. K., Shin, N., McBride, B., Krzysik, L., & Korth, B. (2006). Maternal attachment script representations: Longitudinal stability and associations with stylistic features of maternal narratives. Attachment & Human Development, 8(3), 199–208. http://doi.10.1080/14616730600856024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaughn, B. E., Waters, T. E. A., Steele, R. D., Roisman, G. I., Bost, K. K., Truitt, W., Waters, H. S., & Booth-Laforce, C. (2016). Multiple domains of parental secure base support during childhood and adolescence contribute to adolescents’ representations of attachment as a secure base script. Attachment & Human Development, 18(4), 317–336. http://doi.10.1080/14616734.2016.1162180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, E. (1978). The reliability and stability of individual differences in infant-mother attachment. Child Development, 49(2), 483–494. http://doi.org/10.2307/1128714
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, E., Merrick, S., Treboux, D., Crowell, J., & Albersheim, L. (2000). Attachment security in infancy and early adulthood: A twenty-year longitudinal study. Child Development, 71(3), 684–689. http://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, H. S., & Waters, T. E. A. (in press). Measuring attachment representations as secure base script knowledge: The prompt-word outline method in adulthood, adolescence, and middle childhood. To appear. In E. Waters, B. E. Vaughn, & H. S. Waters (Eds.), Measuring attachment. Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Waters, H. S., Corcoran, D. M., & Waters, T. E. A. (2018). The mother‐child attachment partnership in early childhood: Secure base behavioral and representational processes: VII Maternal secure base script knowledge and judgments of mother–child interactions. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 83(4), 106–120. http://doi.10.1111/mono.12394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, H. S., & Rodrigues, L. M. (2001). Are attachment scripts the building blocks of attachment representations: Narrative assessment of representations and the AAI. Poster presented at a Poster Symposium “What does the Adult Attachment Interview measure and when does it matter? Longitudinal studies of attachment representations” at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development. Minneapolis, MN.
   Google Scholar
• Waters, H. S., & Rodrigues-Doolabh, L. (2004). Manual for scoring secure base narratives (Unpublished manuscript). State University of New York at Stony Brook.
   Google Scholar
• Waters, H. S., & Waters, E. (2006). The attachment working models concept: Among other things, we build script-like representations of secure base experiences. Attachment & Human Development, 8(3), 185–197. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616730600856016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, T. E. A., & Facompré, C. R. (in press). Measuring secure base content in the adult attachment interview. To appear. In E. Waters, B. E. Vaughn, & H. S. Waters (Eds.), Measuring attachment. Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Waters, T. E. A., Brockmeyer, S. L., & Crowell, J. A. (2013). AAI coherence predicts caregiving and care seeking behavior: Secure base script knowledge helps explain why. Attachment & Human Development, 15(3), 316–331. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2013.782657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, T. E. A., Facompré, C. R., Van de Walle, M., Dujardin, A., De Winter, S., Heylen, J., Santens, T., Verhees, M., Finet, C., & Bosmans, G. (2019). Stability and change in secure base script knowledge during middle childhood and early adolescence: A three-year longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 55(11), 2379–2388. http://dx.doi.10.1037/dev0000798
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, T. E. A., Raby, K. L., Ruiz, S. K., Martin, J., & Roisman, G. I. (2018). Adult attachment representations and the quality of romantic and parent-child relationships: An examination of the contributions of coherence of discourse and secure base script knowledge. Developmental Psychology, 54(12), 2371–2381. http://doi.10.1037/dev0000607.supp
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, T. E. A., & Roisman, G. I. (2019). The secure base script concept: An overview. Current Opinion in Psychology, 25, 162–166. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, T. E. A., Ruiz, S. K., & Roisman, G. I. (2017). Origins of secure base script knowledge and the developmental construction of attachment representations. Child Development, 88(1), 198–209. http://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinfield, N. S., Sroufe, L. A., & Egeland, B. (2000). Attachment from infancy to early adulthood in a high‐risk sample: Continuity, discontinuity, and their correlates. Child Development, 71(3), 695–702. http://doi.10.1111/1467-8624.00178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar