Gender, visuality and violence: visual securitization and the 2001 war in Afghanistan

References

• Abu-Lughod, L. 2002. “Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and its Others.” American Anthropologist 104 (3): 783–790. doi: 10.1525/aa.2002.104.3.783
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, M. 2001. “Laura Bush Gives Radio Address: First Lady Says Fight is for the Dignity of Afghan Women, Children.” Washington Post, November 18.
   Google Scholar
• Andersen, R., and F. Möller. 2013. “Engaging the Limits of Visibility: Photography, Security and Surveillance.” Security Dialogue 44 (3): 203–221. doi: 10.1177/0967010613484955
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auchter, J. 2012. “Reimagining the Burqa: Farkhunda Zahra Naderi’s Campaign for Afghan Parliament.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 14 (3): 370–388. doi: 10.1080/14616742.2012.659854
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayotte, K. J., and M. E. Husain. 2005. “Securing Afghan Women: Neocolonialism, Epistemic Violence, and the Rhetoric of the Veil.” NWSA Journal 17 (3): 112–133. doi: 10.2979/NWS.2005.17.3.112
   Google Scholar
• Bleiker, R., D. Campbell, E. Hutchison, and X. Nicholson. 2013. “The Visual Dehumanisation of Refugees.” Australian Journal of Political Science 48 (4): 398–416. doi: 10.1080/10361146.2013.840769
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleiker, R., and A. Kay. 2007. “Representing HIV/AIDS in Africa: Pluralist Photography and Local Empowerment.” International Studies Quarterly 51 (1): 139–163. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00443.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush, L. 2001. “Radio Address by Mrs. Bush.” November 17. Accessed May 5, 2015. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=24992
   Google Scholar
• Bush, G. W. 2001a. “Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress of the United States on the Response to the Terrorist Attacks of September 11.” September 20. Accessed May 4, 2015. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=64731
   Google Scholar
• Bush, G. W. 2001b. “Remarks on Signing the Afghan Women and Children Relief Act of 2001.” December 12. Accessed May 4, 2015. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=73497
   Google Scholar
• Bush, G. W. 2002. “Remarks at a Fundraiser for Governor Jeb Bush of Florida.” January 9. Accessed May 5, 2015. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=73217&st=jeb+bush&st1
   Google Scholar
• Butler, J. 2007. “Torture and the Ethics of Photography.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 25 (6): 951–966. doi: 10.1068/d2506jb
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, J. 2009. Frames of War. New York: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Buzan, B., O. Waever, and J. De Wilde. 1998. Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, D. 1992. Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, D. 2007. “Geopolitics and Visuality: Sighting the Darfur Conflict.” Political Geography 26 (4): 357–382. doi: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.11.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, D., and M. Shapiro. 2007. “Guest Editors’ Introduction.” Security Dialogue 38 (2): 131–137. doi: 10.1177/0967010607080596
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohn, C., and C. Enloe. 2003. “A Conversation with Cynthia Enloe: Feminists Look at Masculinity and the Men Who Wage War.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 28 (4): 1187–1107. doi: 10.1086/368326
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dauphinee, E. 2007. “The Politics of the Body in Pain: Reading the Ethics of Imagery.” Security Dialogue 38 (2): 139–155. doi: 10.1177/0967010607078529
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahmy, S. 2004. “Picturing Afghan Women: A Content Analysis of AP Wire Photographs During the Taliban Regime and After the Fall of the Taliban Regime.” International Communication Gazette 66 (2): 91–112. doi: 10.1177/0016549204041472
   Google Scholar
• Fluri, J. 2009. “Geopolitics of Gender and Violence ‘From Below’.” Political Geography 28 (4): 259–265. doi: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2009.07.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman, E. 2001. “A Man’s Country?” Washington Post, November 3.
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin, J., and J. Neuwirth. 2001. “The Rifle and the Veil.” New York Times, October 19.
   Google Scholar
• Grayson, K., M. Davies, and S. Philpott. 2009. “Pop Goes IR? Researching the Popular Culture—World Politics Continuum.” Politics 29 (3): 155–163. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9256.2009.01351.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, L. 2000. “The Little Mermaid’s Silent Security Dilemma and the Absence of Gender in the Copenhagen School.” Millennium: Journal of International Studies 29 (2): 285–306. doi: 10.1177/03058298000290020501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, L. 2006. Security as Practice: Discourse Analysis and the Bosnian War. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, L. 2011. “Theorizing the Image for Security Studies: Visual Securitization and the Muhammad Cartoon Crisis.” European Journal of International Relations 17 (1): 51–74. doi: 10.1177/1354066110388593
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoodbhoy, N. 2001. “A Future Veiled in False Hopes.” Washington Post, 11 November.
   Google Scholar
• Hunt, K. 2002. “The Strategic Co-Optation of Women’s Rights.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 4 (1): 116–121. doi: 10.1080/14616740110108749
   Google Scholar
• Hunt, K., and K. Rygiel. 2006. “(En)gendered War Stories and Camouflaged Politics.” In (En)Gendering the War on Terror, edited by K. Hunt and K. Rygiel, 1–24. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Khalid, M. 2011. “Gender, Orientalism and Representations of the ‘Other’ in the War on Terror.” Global Change, Peace & Security 23 (1): 15–29. doi: 10.1080/14781158.2011.540092
   Google Scholar
• Klaus, E., and S. Kassel. 2005. “The Veil as a Means of Legitimization: An Analysis of the Interconnectedness of Gender, Media and War.” Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism 6 (3): 335–355. doi: 10.1177/1464884905054064
   Google Scholar
• Lee-Koo, K. 2007. “War on Terror/War on Women.” In Security and the War on Terror, edited by A. Bellamy, R. Bleiker, S. Davies, and R. Devetak, 42–54. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Mackie, V. 2012. “The ‘Afghan Girls’: Media Representations and Frames of War.” Continuum 26 (1): 115–131. doi: 10.1080/10304312.2012.630146
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magder, T. 2003. “Watching What We Say: Global Communication in a Time of Fear.” In War and the Media: Reporting Conflict 24/7, edited by D. K. Thussu and D. Freedman, 28–44. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Masters, C. 2009. “Femina Sacra: ‘The War on/of Terror’, Women and the Feminine.” Security Dialogue 40 (1): 29–49.
   Google Scholar
• McGrory, M. 2001. “Not All Like That.” Washington Post, December 2.
   Google Scholar
• Mohanty, C. 1991. “Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses.” In Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, edited by C. Mohanty, A. Russo, and L. Torres, 51–80. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nayak, M. 2006. “Orientalism and ‘Saving’ US State Identity after 9/11.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 8 (1): 42–61.
   Google Scholar
• RAWA. 2016. “RAWA Photo Gallery.” Accessed July 28, 2016. http://www.rawa.org/gallery.html
   Google Scholar
• Rose, G. 2012. Visual Methodologies. 3rd ed. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Shepherd, L. J. 2006. “Veiled References: Constructions of Gender in the Bush Administration Discourse on the Attacks on Afghanistan Post-9/11.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 8 (1): 19–41. doi: 10.1080/14616740500415425
   Google Scholar
• Shepherd, L. J. 2008. “Visualising Violence: Legitimacy and Authority in the ‘War on Terror’.” Critical Studies on Terrorism 1 (2): 213–226. doi: 10.1080/17539150802184611
   Google Scholar
• Smiley, J. 2001. “Women’s Crusade.” New York Times, December 2.
   Google Scholar
• Sontag, S. 1977. On Photography. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux.
   Google Scholar
• Sontag, S. 2003. Regarding the Pain of Others. London: Hamish Hamilton.
   Google Scholar
• Squitieri, T. 2002. “Afghans Urged to Shed Burqa.” USA Today, January 21.
   Google Scholar
• State Department. 2001. “Report on the Taliban’s War Against Women.” November 17. Accessed May 2, 2015. http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/6185.htm
   Google Scholar
• Steans, J. 2008. “Telling Stories About Women and Gender in the War on Terror.” Global Society 22 (1): 159–176. doi: 10.1080/13600820701740795
   Google Scholar
• Struck, D. 2001. “ Veil is Lifted in Mazar-e-Sharif: New Freedoms Embraced as City Emerges from Taliban Rule.” Washington Post, November 12.
   Google Scholar
• Valdmanis, T. 2001. “Women Hope Rights will be Unveiled.” USA Today, November 27.
   Google Scholar
• Verschueren, P. 2012. Picturing Afghanistan: The Photography of a Foreign Conflict. New York: Hampton Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vuori, J. 2010. “A Timely Prophet? The Doomsday Clock as a Visualization of Securitization Moves with a Global Referent Object.” Security Dialogue 41 (3): 255–277. doi: 10.1177/0967010610370225
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walt, V. 2002. “Afghanistan, from Inside a Burqa.” USA Today, January 9.
   Google Scholar
• Washington Post. 2001. “Editorial: Lessons of Liberation.” Washington Post, November 18.
   Google Scholar
• Weber, C. 2005. “Not Without my Sister(s): Imagining a Moral America in Kandahar.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 7 (3): 358–376. doi: 10.1080/14616740500161094
   Google Scholar
• Williams, M. C. 2003. “Words, Images, Enemies: Securitization and International Politics.” International Studies Quarterly 47 (4): 511–531. doi: 10.1046/j.0020-8833.2003.00277.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witt, A. 2001. “Afghan American Women No Longer Suffer Alone: After Years of Assailing Taliban Persecution, Female Expatriates Find Sympathy in Wake of Attacks.” Washington Post, October 18.
   Google Scholar
• Zine, J. 2006. “Between Orientalism and Fundamentalism: Muslim Women and Feminist Engagement.” In (En)Gendering the War on Terror, edited by K. Hunt and K. Rygiel, 27–50. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar