3,461
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Board Games in Boat Burials: Play in the Performance of Migration and Viking Age Mortuary Practice

Jeux de société: jeu et performance dans les pratiques funéraires de l’époque des grandes migrations et de l’époque viking

Brettspiele in Schiffsbestattungen: Spiel und Aufführung in den Grabsitten der Völkerwanderungszeit und der Wikingerzeit

Pages 439-455 | Received 20 Jul 2015, Accepted 05 Apr 2016, Published online: 06 Jul 2016

References

  • Andrén, A. 1993. Doors to Other Worlds: Scandinavian Death Rituals in Gotlandic Perspectives. Journal of European Archaeology, 1(1):33–56. doi: 10.1179/096576693800731154
  • Arbman, H. 1940. Der Årby-Fund. Acta Archaeologica, 11: 43–102, reprinted in C.O. Cederlund, ed. 1993. The Årby Boat. Stockholm: Swedish Historical Museum (Museum of National Antiquities /Stockholm Monograph 2) and Båtdokumentationsgruppen, pp. 15–80.
  • Arents, U. & Eisenschmidt, E. 2010. Die Gräber von Haithabu Band 1: Text, Literatur & Band 2: Katalog, Listen, Tafeln, Beilagen. Neumünster: Wachholtz.
  • Arwidsson, G. 1954. Valsgärde 8. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitets Museum för Nordiska Fornsaker.
  • Arwidsson, G. 1977. Die Gräberfunde von Valsgärde III: Valsgärde 7. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitets Museum för Nordiska Fornsaker.
  • Arwidsson, G. 1983. Valsgärde. In: J.P. Lamm & H.Å. Nordström, eds. Vendel Period Studies. Transactions of the Boat-Grave Symposium in Stockholm, Feb 2–3 1981. Stockholm: Museum of National Antiquities Stockholm Studies 2, pp. 71–82.
  • Ballard, C., Bradley, R., Myhre, L.N. & Wilson, M. 2003. The Ship as Symbol in the Prehistory of Sweden and Southeast Asia. World Archaeology, 35(3):385–403. doi: 10.1080/0043824042000185784
  • Barnhart, R.K. ed. 1988. The Chambers Dictionary of Etymology. Edinburgh: Chambers.
  • Becker, A. 2007. The Royal Game of Ur. In: I.L. Finkel, ed. Ancient Board Games in Perspective: Papers from the 1990 British Museum Colloquium, with Additional Contributions. London: British Museum, pp. 11–15.
  • Burström, N.M. 2014. Things in the Eye of the Beholder: A Humanistic Perspective on Archaeological Object Biographies. Norwegian Archaeological Review, 47(1):65–82. doi: 10.1080/00293652.2014.909877
  • Caldwell, D.H., Hall, M.A. & Wilkinson, C. 2009. The Lewis Hoard of Gaming Pieces: A Re-examination of their Context, Meanings, Discovery and Manufacture. Medieval Archaeology, 53:155–203. doi: 10.1179/007660909X12457506806243
  • Carver, M.O.H. 2000. Burial as Poetry: The Context of Treasure in Anglo-Saxon Graves. In: E.M. Tyler. ed. Treasure in the Medieval West. York: York Medieval Press, pp. 25–40.
  • Carver, M.O.H. 2005. Sutton Hoo: A Seventh-Century Princely Burial Ground and its Context. London: British Museum Press.
  • Cederlund, C.O. ed. 1993. The Årby Boat. Stockholm: Swedish Historical Museum.
  • Crumlin-Pedersen, O. & Thye, B.M. eds. 1995. The Ship as Symbol in Prehistoric and Medieval Scandinavia. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark.
  • Culin, S. 1891. East Indian Fortune-telling with Dice. Proceedings of the Numismatic and Anthropological Society of Philadelphia, 1890–91:65.
  • David, F.N. 1998. Games, Gods and Gambling. A History of Probability and Statistical Ideas. New York: Dover (originally London: Charles Griffin & Co, 1962).
  • Davidson, H.E. 1993. The Lost Beliefs of Northern Europe. London: Routledge.
  • DeMarrais, E., Gosden, C. & Renfrew, C. eds. 2004. Rethinking Materiality: The Engagement of Mind with the Material World. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
  • de Voogt, A., Dunn-Vaturi, A.-E. & Eerkens, J.W. 2013. Cultural Transmission in the Ancient Near East: Twenty Squares and Fifty-Eight Holes. Journal of Archaeological Science, 40:1715–30. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2012.11.008
  • Du Chatellier, P. & Le Pontois, L. 1909. A Ship Burial in Brittany. Saga-Book of the Viking Club, 6 (1908–09):123–68.
  • Duzcko, W. 2004. Viking Rus Studies on the Presence of Scandinavians in Eastern Europe. Leiden: Brill.
  • Ekengren, F. 2006. Performing Death. The Function and Meaning of Roman Drinking Vessels in Scandinavian Mortuary Practices. In: A. Andrén, K. Jennbert & C. Raudvere, eds. Old Norse Religion in Long-term Perspectives. Origins, Changes and Interactions: An International Conference in Lund, Sweden, June 3–7, 2004. Lund: Nordic Academic Press, pp. 109–13.
  • Farley, J. & Hunter, F. eds. 2015. Celts: Art and Identity. London: British Museum Press.
  • Faulkes, A. ed. 1998. Snorri Sturluson Edda Skáldskaparmál Volume 1: Introduction, Text and Notes. London: Viking Society for Northern Research & University College London.
  • Faulkes, A. ed. 2005. Snorri Sturluson Edda Prologue and Gylfaginning, 2nd ed. London: Viking Society for Northern Research & University College.
  • Finkel, I.L. 2007. On the Rules for the Royal Game of Ur. In: I.L. Finkel, ed. Ancient Board Games in Perspective: Papers from the 1990 British Museum Colloquium, with Additional Contributions. London: British Museum, pp. 16–32.
  • Gardeła, L. 2012. What the Vikings Did for Fun? Sports and Pastimes in Medieval Northern Europe. World Archaeology, 44(2):234–47. doi: 10.1080/00438243.2012.669640
  • Gerds, M. 2006. Scandinavian Burial Rites on the Southern Baltic Coast. Boat-graves in Cemeteries of Early Medieval Trading Places. In: A. Andrén, K. Jennbert & C. Raudvere, eds. Old Norse Religion in Long-term Perspectives. Origins, Changes and Interactions: An International Conference in Lund, Sweden, June 3–7, 2004. Lund: Nordic Academic Press, pp. 153–58.
  • Gilmour, G.H. 1997. The Nature and Function of Astragalus Bones from Archaeological Contexts in the Levant and Eastern Mediterranean. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 16(2):167–75. doi: 10.1111/1468-0092.00032
  • Grimm, O. 2014. Game Grounds in Western and Ship Races in Eastern Scandinavia: An Archaeological-Interdisciplinary View. In: M. Teichert, ed. Sport und Spiel bei den Germanen — Nordeuropa von der römischen Kaiserzeit bis zum Mittelalter. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 429–56.
  • Hahn, H.P. & Weiss, H. eds. 2013. Mobility, Meaning and Transformations of Things: Shifting Contexts of Material Culture through Time and Space. Oxford & Oakville: Oxbow Books.
  • Hall, M.A. 2007. Playtime in Pictland: The Material Culture of Gaming in Early Medieval Scotland. Rosemarkie: Groam House Museum.
  • Hall, M.A. & Forsyth, K. 2011. Roman Rules? The Introduction of Board Games to Britain and Ireland. Antiquity, 85:1325–38. doi: 10.1017/S0003598X00062086
  • van Hamel, A.G. 1934. The Game of the Gods. Arkiv für Nordisk filologi, 50:218–42.
  • Hedeager, L. 2011. Iron Age Myth and Materiality: An Archaeology of Scandinavia AD 400–1000. London: Routledge.
  • Herschend, F. 2001. Journey of Civilisation: The Late Iron Age View of the Human World. Uppsala: University of Uppsala.
  • Hilberg, V. & Kalmring, S. 2014. Viking Age Hedeby and its Relations with Iceland and the North Atlantic: Communication, Long-Distance Trade and Production. In: D. Zori & J. Byock, eds. Viking Archaeology in Iceland: Mosfell Archaeological Project (Cursor Mundi 20). Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 221–45.
  • Hollander, L.M. trans. 2007. Snorri Sturluson Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway. Austin: The American-Scandinavian Foundation & University of Texas Press.
  • Jacobsen, J.K. & Wiener, J.B. 2013. Roman Riches in Iron Age Denmark, online news post for Ancient History Encyclopaedia [accessed 1 June 2013]. Available at: <http://www.ancient.eu.com/news/3251>
  • Jennbert, K. 2006. The Heroized Dead. People, Animals and Materiality in Scandinavian Death Rituals, AD 200–1000. In: A. Andrén, K. Jennbert & C. Raudvere, eds. Old Norse Religion in Long-term Perspectives. Origins, Changes and Interactions: An International Conference in Lund, Sweden, June 3–7, 2004. Lund: Nordic Academic Press, pp. 135–40.
  • Kaland, S.H.H. 1995. The Settlement of Westness, Rousay. In: C.E. Batey, J. Jesch, & C.D. Morris, eds. The Viking Age in Caithness, Orkney and the North Atlantic. Select Papers from the Eleventh Viking Congress, Thurso and Kirkwall, 22 August–1 September 1989. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 308–17.
  • Kålund, K. 1882. Islands fortidslaevninger. Arbøger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie, 1882:57–124.
  • Klevnäs, A. 2007. Robbing the Dead at Gamla Uppsala, Sweden. Archaeological Review from Cambridge, 22(1):24–42.
  • Lake, M. 1998. Digging for Memes: The Role of Material Objects in Cultural Evolution. In: C. Renfrew & C. Scarre, eds. Cognition and Material Culture: The Archaeology of Symbolic Storage. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, pp. 77–88.
  • Larrington, C. trans. 2014. The Poetic Edda. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Larsson, G. 2007. Ship and Society: Maritime Ideology in Late Iron Age Sweden. Uppsala: Uppsala University Department of Archaeology and Ancient History.
  • Müller-Wille, M. 1970. Bestattung im Boot. Studien zu einer nordeuropäischen Grabsitte. Offa, 25/26:5–203.
  • Müller-Wille, M. 1978. Das Schiffsgrab von der Ile de Groix (Bretagne): Ein Exkurs zum Bootkamnergrab von Haithabu. Ausgrabungen in Haithabu (1963–1980): Das archäologische Fundmaterial der Ausgrabung Haithabu 3 (Berichte über die Ausgrabungen in Haithabu 12). Neumünster: Wachholtz, pp. 48–84.
  • Murray, H.J.R. 1913. A History of Chess. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Natuniewicz-Sekula, M. & Seehusen, C.R. 2010. Baltic Connections. Some Remarks about Studies of Boat-graves from the Roman Iron Age. Finds from Slusegård and Weklice Cemeteries. In: U. Lund-Hansen & A. Bitner-Wróblewska, eds. 2010. Worlds Apart? Contacts across the Baltic Sea in the Iron Age. København & Warsaw: Det Kongelige Nordiske Oldskriftselskab & Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne, pp. 287–313.
  • Nicolaysen, N. 1882. The Viking-Ship Discovered at Gokstad in Norway/Langskibet Fra Gokstad Ved Sandefjord. Oslo: Alb. Cammermeyer.
  • Nordahl, E. 2001. Båtgravar i Gamla Uppsala: Spår av en vikingatida högreståndsmiljö. Uppsala: University of Uppsala.
  • Nordal, S. 1973. Three Essays on Völuspá. Saga-Book, 18 (1970–73):79–135.
  • Olsen, O., Skamby Madsen, J. & Rieck, F. 1995. Shipshape: Essays for Ole Crumlin-Pedersen. Roskilde: The Viking Ship Museum.
  • Owen, O. & Dalland, M. 1999. Scar: A Viking Boat Burial on Sanday, Orkney. East Linton: Tuckwell.
  • Peets, J., Allmäe, R. & Maldre, L. 2010. Archaeological Investigations of Pre-Viking Age Burial Boat in Salme Village at Saaremaa. Archaeological Fieldwork in Estonia, 2010:29–48.
  • Peets, J., Allmäe, R., Maldre, L., Saage, R., Tomek, T. & Lõuges, L. 2012. Research Results of the Salme Ship Burials in 2011–2012. Archaeological Fieldwork in Estonia, 2012:43–60.
  • Pennick, N. 1984. Pagan Prophecy and Play. Cambridge: Runestaff Publications.
  • Pentz, P. 2014. Ships and the Vikings. In: G. Williams, P. Pentz & M. Wemhoff, eds. Vikings: Life and Legend. London: British Museum Press, pp. 202–27.
  • Pettersson, M. & Wikell, R. 2013a. Tyresta. En stor hög från vikingatid Arkeologisk forskningsgrävning. Stockholm: Arkeologhuset Rapport 1.
  • Pettersson, M. & Wikell, R. 2013b. En hög på höjden — en nyligen undersökt stor hög i Tyresta. In: J. Owe, ed. Yngre järnålder i Stockholms län — aktuell forskning. Stockholm: Stockholms läns hembygdsförbund och Stockholms läns museum, pp. 77–88.
  • Pétursson, P. 2006. Völuspá and the Tree of Life. A Product of a Culture in a Liminal Stage. In: A. Andrén, K. Jennbert & C. Raudvere, eds. Old Norse Religion in Long-term Perspectives. Origins, Changes and Interactions: An International Conference in Lund, Sweden, June 3–7, 2004. Lund: Nordic Academic Press, pp. 313–19.
  • Price, N.S. 1989. The Vikings in Brittany. London: Viking Society for Northern Research (Saga-Book 22/ 6 printed with double-pagination).
  • Price, N.S. 2010. Passing into Poetry: Viking-age Mortuary Drama and the Origins of Norse Mythology. Medieval Archaeology, 54:123–56. doi: 10.1179/174581710X12790370815779
  • Price, N.S. 2014. Nine Paces from Hel: Time and Motion in Old Norse Ritual Performance. World Archaeology, 46(2):178–91. doi: 10.1080/00438243.2014.883938
  • Price, N.S. & Mortimer, P. 2014. An Eye for Odin? Divine Role-playing in the Age of Sutton Hoo. European Journal of Archaeology, 17:517–38. doi: 10.1179/1461957113Y.0000000050
  • Rundkvist, M. & Williams, H. 2008. A Viking Boat Grave with Amber Gaming Pieces Excavated at Skamby, Östergötland, Sweden. Medieval Archaeology, 52:69–102. doi: 10.1179/174581708x335440
  • Schön, M.D. 1999. Feddersen Wierde, Fallward, Flögeln. Bad Bederkesa: Archäologie im Museum Burg, Landkreis Cruxhaven.
  • Schönbäck, B. 1981. The Custom of Burial in Boats. In: J.P. Lamm & H-Å. Nordström, eds. Vendel Period Studies. Transactions of the Boat-grave Symposium in Stockholm, Feb 2–3 1981 (Stockholm Studies 2). Stockholm: Museum of National Antiquities, pp. 123–32.
  • Shetelig, H. 1905. Gravene på Myklebostad på Nordfjordeid (Bergens Museums Årbok 7). Bergen: Grieg.
  • Shetelig, H. 1912. Vestlandske graver i jernalderen. Bergen: Bergens Museum.
  • Shetelig, H. 1917. Graven. In: A.W. Brøgger, H.J. Falk & H. Shetelig. Osebergfundet Bind 1. Kristiania: Universitetets Oldsaksamling, pp. 209–78.
  • Shimizu, Y. 2014. The Development and Regional Variations of Liubo. Board Game Studies Journal Online, 8:81–106 [accessed 25 August 2014]. Available at: <http://bgsj.ludus-opuscula.org/PDF_Files/06online.pdf>
  • Simek, R. 2007. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer.
  • Sjösvärd, L., Vretemark, M. & Gustavson, H. 1983. A Vendel Warrior from Vallentuna. In: J.P. Lamm & H.-Å. Nordström, eds. Vendel Period Studies. Transactions of the Boat-grave Symposium in Stockholm, Feb 2–3 1981 (Stockholm Studies 2). Stockholm: Museum of National Antiquities, pp. 133–50.
  • Solberg, B. 2007. Pastimes or Serious Business? Norwegian Graves with Gaming Objects c. 200–1000 AD. In: B. Hardh, K. Jennbert & D. Olausson, eds. On the Road: Studies in Honour of Lars Larsson (Acta Archaeologia Lundensia, 26), pp. 265–69.
  • Sørensen, A.C. 2001. Ladby — A Danish Ship Grave from the Viking Age. Roskilde: Viking Ship Museum.
  • Sørheim, H. 1997. En høvdings gård, en høvdings grav: en vikingtids båtbrav på Egge i Steinkjer, Nord-Trøndelag. Trondheim: Universitet i Trondheim, Vienskapsmuseet.
  • Svanberg, F. 2003. Death Rituals in South-East Scandinavia. Lund: University of Lund.
  • Taggart, D. 2013. Fate and Cosmogony in Völuspá: Shaping History in a Moment. Northern Studies, 44:21–35.
  • Teichert, M. 2014. Game-boards and Gaming-pieces in Old Norse-Icelandic Fiction. In: D.H. Caldwell & M.A. Hall, eds. The Lewis Gaming Hoard in Context — New Analyses of their Art, Purpose and Place in History. Edinburgh: NMS Publishing, pp. 307–20.
  • Tolkien, J.R.R. 1983. On Translating Beowulf. In: J.R.R. Tolkien, ed. The Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays. London: Allen & Unwin, pp. 49–71.
  • Tolkien, J.R.R. 2014. Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary. London: Harper Collins.
  • Whittaker, H. 2006. Game Boards and Gaming Pieces in the Northern European Iron Age. Nordlit. Tidskrift for kultur og litteratur, 24:103–12 [accessed 5 August 2008]. Available at: <http://www.uit.no/getfile.php?PageId=977&Field=877>
  • Williams, H. 2001. Death, Memory and Time: A Consideration of Mortuary Practice at Sutton Hoo. In: C. Humphrey & W. Ormrod, eds. Time in the Middle Ages. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, pp. 35–71.
  • Williams, H. 2006. Death and Memory in Early Medieval Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Williams, H. 2010. At the Funeral. In: M. Carver, A. Sanmark & S. Semple, eds. Signals of Belief in Early England Anglo-Saxon Paganism Revisited. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 67–82.
  • Williams, H. 2013. Death, Memory and Material Culture: Catalytic Commemoration and the Cremated Dead. In: S. Tarlow & L. Nilsson Stutz, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 195–208.
  • Williams, H. 2014. Memory through Monuments: Movement and Temporality in Skamby's Boat Graves. In: H. Alexandersson, A. Andreeff & A. Bünz, eds. Med hjärta och hjärna: Eb vänbok till professor Elisabeth Arwill-Nordblach. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg (Gothenburg Archaeological Studies 5), pp. 397–413.
  • Williams, H., Rundkvist, M. & Danielsson, A. 2010. The Landscape of a Swedish Boat-Grave Cemetery. Landscapes, 11(1):1–24. doi: 10.1179/lan.2010.11.1.1
  • Woolley, C.L. 1934. Ur Excavations Volume 2. The Royal Cemetery: A Report on the Predynastic and Sargonid Graves Excavated between 1926 and 1931. London: British Museum.
  • Youngs, S. 1983. The Gaming Pieces. In: R.L.S. Bruce Mitford & A. Care-Evans, eds. The Sutton Hoo Ship Burial Volume III.ii. London: British Museum, pp. 853–74.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.