Irrigation with saline water improves carotenoids content and antioxidant activity of tomato

References

• ADAMS, P. (1989). Some responses of tomatoes grown in NFT to sodium chloride. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Soilless Culture, Lunteren, I.S.O.S.C., Wageningen, The Netherlands, 59–71.
   Google Scholar
• Adams, P. (1991). Effects of increasing the salinity of the nutrient solution with major nutrients of sodium chloride on the yield, quality and composition of tomatoes grown in rockwool. Journal of Horticultural Science, 66, 201–7.
   Google Scholar
• ADAMS, P. AND HO, L. C. (1989). Effects of constant and fluctuating salinity on the yield, quality and calcium status of tomatoes. Journal of Horticultural Science, 64, 725–32.
   Google Scholar
• ALJIBURY, F. K. AND MAY, D. (1970). Irrigation schedules and production of processing tomatoes on the San Joaquin Valley Westside. California Agriculture, 24 (8), 10–11.
   Google Scholar
• AOAC (1990). Official method of analysis. Vitamins and other nutrients, 1958–1060.
   Google Scholar
• AYERS, R. S. AND WESTCOT, D. W. (1989). Water quality for agriculture. Irrigation and Drainage Paper n. 29 rev. 1. FAO, Rome, Italy.
   Google Scholar
• BAR, Y., APELBAUM, A., KAFKAFI, U. AND GOREN, R. (1997). Relationship between chloride and nitrate and its effect on growth and mineral composition of avocado and citrus plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 20, 715–31.
   Google Scholar
• BERNSTEIN, L. (1964). Salt tolerance of plants. Information Bulletin, US Department of Agriculture No. 293.
   Google Scholar
• BRAMLEY, P. M. (2000). Is lycopene bene®cial to human health? Phytochemistry, 54, 233–6.
   Google Scholar
• CAO, G., VERDON, C. P., WU, A. H. B., WANG, H. E. AND PRYOR, R.L. (1995). Automated oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay using the COBAS FARA II. Clinical Chemistry, 41, 1738–44.
   Google Scholar
• DE PASCALE, S. AND BARBIERI, G. (1997). Effects of soil salinity and top removal on growth and yield of broadbean as a green vegetable. Scientia Horticulturae, 71, 147–65.
   Google Scholar
• FEIGIN, A., RYLSKI, I., MEIRI, A. AND SHALEVET, J. (1987). Response of melon and tomato plants to chloride-nitrate ratios in saline nutrient solutions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 10, 1787–94.
   Google Scholar
• FOGLIANO, V., VERDE, V., RANDAZZO, G. AND RITIENI, A. (1999). Method for measuring antioxidant activity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant capacity of wines. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47, 1035–40.
   Google Scholar
• FRANCOIS, L. E. (1984). Salinity effects on germination, growth and yield of turnips. Horticultural Science, 19, 82–4.
   Google Scholar
• GELATI S., MAGNANI, S., FRAGNI, R., RIZZI, F., MONTANARI, A., TOMASICCHIO, M. AND GRIMALDI, M. (2000). Industria Conserve, 75, 281–99.
   Google Scholar
• GIULIANO, G., BARTLEY G. E. AND SCOLNIK, P. A. (1993). Regulation of carotenoids biosynthesis during tomato development. Plant Cell, 5, 379–87.
   Google Scholar
• GOUGH, C. AND HOBSON, G. E. (1990). A comparison of the productivity, quality, shelf-life characteristics and consumer reaction to the crop from cherry tomato plants grown at different levels of salinity. Journal of Horticultural Science, 65, 431–9.
   Google Scholar
• GRAINFENBERG, A., GIUSTINIANI, L., TEMPERINI, O. AND LIPUCCI DI PAOLA, M. (1995). Allocation of Na, Cl, K and CA within plant tissues in globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) under saline-sodic conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 63, 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• GRATTAN, S. R.AND GRIEVE, C. M. (1999). Salinity-mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops. Scientia Horticulturae, 78, 127–57.
   Google Scholar
• HASEGAWA, P. M., BRESSAN, R. A., ZHU, J. K. AND BOHNERT, H. J. (2000). Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 51, 463–99.
   Google Scholar
• HO, L.C., GRANGE, R. I. AND PICKEN, A.J. (1987). An analysis of the accumulation of water and dry matter in tomato fruit. Plant Cell and Environment, 10, 157–62.
   Google Scholar
• HOFF, J. E. AND WILCOX, G. E. (1970). Accumulation of nitrate in tomato fruit and its effect on detinning. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 95, 92–4.
   Google Scholar
• IZZO, R., NAVARI-IZZO, F. AND QUARTACCI, M.F. (1991). Growth and mineral absorption in maize seedlings as affected by increasing NaCl concentrations. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 14, 687–99.
   Google Scholar
• KAFKAFI, U., VALORAS, N. AND LETEY, J. (1982). Chloride inter-action with nitrate and phosphate nutrition in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition, 5, 1369–85.
   Google Scholar
• KHACHIK, F., GOLI, M. B., BEECHER, G. R., HOLDEN, J., LUSBY, W. R., TENORIO, M. D. AND BARRERA, M.R. (1992). Effect of food preparation on qualitative and quantitative distribution of major carotenoid constituents of tomatoes and several green vegetables. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 40, 390–8.
   Google Scholar
• LA VECCHIA, C. (1997). Mediterranean epidemiological evidence on tomatoes and the prevention of digestive-tract cancers. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 218, 125–8.
   Google Scholar
• LAPUSHNER, D., FRANKEL, R. AND FUCHS, Y. (1986). Tomato cultivar response to water and salt stress. Acta Horticulturae, 190, 247–52.
   Google Scholar
• LEONARDI, C., AMBROSINO, P., ESPOSITO, F. AND FOGLIANO, V. (2000). Antioxidative activity and carotenoid and tomatine contents in different typologies of fresh consumption tomatoes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 4723–7.
   Google Scholar
• Lopez, M. V. and Satti, S. M. E. (1996). Calcium and potassium-enhanced growth and yield of tomato under sodium chloride stress. Plant Science, 114, 19–27.
   Google Scholar
• MARTINEZ, V. AND CERDAFI, A. (1989). Influence of N source on rate of Cl, N, Na, K uptake by cucumber seedlings grown in saline conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 12, 971–83.
   Google Scholar
• MEHROTA, N. K., KHANNA, V. K. AND AGARWALA, S. C. (1986). Soil-sodicity-induced zinc deficiency in maize. Plant Soil 92, 63–71.
   Google Scholar
• MITCHELL, J. P., SHENNAN, C., GRATTAN, S.R. AND MAY, D. M. (1991). Tomato fruit yields and quality under water deficit and salinity. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 116, 215–21.
   Google Scholar
• PAGE, A. L., CHANG, A. C. AND ADRIANO, D. C. (1990). Deficiencies and toxicities of trace elements. Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management, Chapter 7, ASCE Manual and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 71, ASCE, 138–160.
   Google Scholar
• PASTERNAK, D., DE MALACH, Y. AND BOROVIC, I. (1986). Irrigation with brackish water under desert conditions VII. Effect of time of application of brackish water on production of processing tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Agricultural Water Management, 12, 149–58.
   Google Scholar
• PELLEGRINI, N., RE, R., YANG, M. AND RICE-EVANS, C. (1999). Screening of dietary carotenoids-rich fruit extracts for antioxidant activities applying 2,2 9 Azinobis (3-ethylenebenzothiazo-line-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation decolorization assay. Methods in Enzymology, 299, 379–89.
   Google Scholar
• PETERSEN, K. K., WILLUMSEN, J. AND KAACK, K. (1998). Composition and taste of tomatoes as affected by increased salinity and different salinity sources. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 73, 205–15.
   Google Scholar
• PORRETTA, S. (1991). Il controllo della qualità dei derivati del pomodoro. Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie della Conserve Alimentari in Parma, Italy.
   Google Scholar
• RAHMAN, S., VANCE, G. F.AND MUNN, L. C. (1993). Salinity induced effects on the nutrient status of soil, corn leaves and kernels. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 24, 2251–69.
   Google Scholar
• RICE-EVANS, C. A., MILLER, J. N. AND PAGANGA, G. (1996). Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 20, 933–56.
   Google Scholar
• ROMER, S., FRASER, D., KIANO, J. W., SHIPTON, A. C., MISAWA, N., SHUCH, W. AND BRAMLEY, P. M. (2000). Elevation of the provitamin A content of transgenic tomato plants. Nature Biotechnology, 18, 666–9.
   Google Scholar
• ROSATI, C., AQUILANI, R., DHARMAPURI, S., PALLARA, P., MARUSIC, C., TAVAZZA, R., BOUVIER, F., CAMARA, B. AND GIULIAN, G. (2000). Metabolic engineering of beta-carotene and lycopene content in tomato friut. Plant Journal, 24, 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• SAVVAS, D. AND LENZ, F. (1996). Influence of NaCl concentration in the nutrient solution on mineral composition of eggplants grown in sand culture. Angewandte Botanik, 70, 124–7.
   Google Scholar
• SCALFI, L., FOGLIANO, V., PENTANGELO, A., GRAZIANI, G., GIORDANO, I. AND RITIENI, A. (2000). Antioxidant activity and general fruit characteristics in different ecotypes of Corbarini small tomatoes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 1363–6.
   Google Scholar
• SHALHEVET, J., KALMAR, D., GIEZENBERG, G. AND HAREL, S. (1973). Effects of soil and water salinity on tomato growth. Plant and Soil, 39, 285–92.
   Google Scholar
• SHEN, B., JENSEN, R. G., AND BOHNERT, H. J. (1997). Mannitol protects against oxidation by hydroxyl radicals. Plant Physiology, 115, 527–32.
   Google Scholar
• SHUKLA, U. C. AND MUKHI, A. K. (1985). Ameliorative role of zinc on maize growth (Zea mays L.) under salt-affected soil conditions. Plant and Soil, 87, 423–32.
   Google Scholar
• SMIRNOFF, N. (1995). Antioxidant systems and plant response to the environment. In: Environment and plant metabolism: Flexibility and acclimation, (Smirnoff, N., Ed.) BIOS Scienti®c Publishers Ltd., Oxford, UK, 217–43.
   Google Scholar
• SONG, J. Q. AND FUJIYAMA, H. (1996) Difference in response of rice and tomato subjected to sodium salinization to the addition of calcium. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 42, 503–10.
   Google Scholar
• SUBBARAO, G. V., JOHANSEN, C., JANA, M. AND KUMAR RAO, J. V. D. K. (1990). Effects of the sodium/calcium ratio in modifying salinity response of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). Journal of Plant Physiology, 136, 439–43.
   Google Scholar
• TONUCCI, L. H., HOLDEN, J. M., BEECHER, G. R., KHACHIK, F., DAVIS, C. S. AND MULOKOZI G. (1995). Carotenoid content of thermally processed tomato-based food products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 43, 579–86.
   Google Scholar
• WALINGA, I., VAN DER LEE, J. J., HOUBA, V. J. G., VAN VARK, W. AND NOVAZAMSKY, I. (1995). Plant analysis manual. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• WILLUMSEN, J., PETERSEN, K. K. AND KAACK, K. (1996). Yield and blossom-end rot of tomato as affected by salinity and cation activity ratios in the root zone. Journal of Horticutural Science, 71, 81–98.
   Google Scholar