NOTES
- Dubin , Lois C. 1999 . The Port Jews of Habsburg Trieste: Absolutist Politics amd Enlightenment Culture 6 Stanford : Stanford University Press .
- Sorkin , David . 1999 . ‘The Port Jew: Notes Toward a Social Type’ . Journal of Jewish Studies , 50.1 : 87 (spring)
- Ibid., pp.89–97, esp. p.97.
- Wolf , Lucien . 1934 . “ ‘The First Stage of Emancipation’ ” . In Jewish Chronicle 7 and 14 August 1903 reprinted in Essays in Jewish History by Lucien Wolf ed. by Cecil Roth (London: Jewish Historical Society of England,), pp. 123–4. Wolf was probably mistaken in his belief in the very early origins of Portsmouth Jewry.
- Extending the chronology forwards does not imply that its usefulness as a concept could not also be taken back to antiquity and the Middle Ages.
- 2000 . Jewish Enlightenment in an English Key: Anglo-Jewry's Construction of Modern Jewish Thought Princeton : Princeton University Press . For the recent discovery of the Anglo-Jewish experience, admittedly from an elite perspective, see David Ruderman
- Cannadine , David . “ ‘Cousinhood’ ” . In London Review of Books 27 July 1989.
- Davies , Norman . 1999 . The Isles: A History Macmillan : London . Similarly, Davies has placed European history in a global context. See his Europe: A History (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).
- 1970 . New Avenues in English Local History Leicester : Leicester University Press . This has led to a defensiveness on behalf of its practitioners. See, for example, the inaugural lecture of Alan Everitt when taking the chair of Local History at the University of Leicester, published as For a similar process at work in another discipline, see A. Sayer, ‘Behind the Locality Debate: Deconstructing Geography's Dualisms’, Environment and Planning A, 23 (1991), pp.306–7.
- Marett , Valerie . 1989 . Immigrants Settling in the City Leicester : Leicester University Press . and Lorna Chessum, From Immigrants to Ethnic Minority (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000) for studies, of Asians and Afro-Caribbeans respectively, of settlement and race relations in Leicester. See also Panikos Panayi, ‘The Impact of Immigrant Food Upon England’, in Migrationsforschung und Interkulturelle Studien ed. by Jochen Oltmer (Osnabruck: Universitatsverlag Rasch, 2002), pp.194–201. Government figures predicted a white minority in Leicester by the end of the first decade in the twenty-first century.
- Sorkin . (see note 2), pp.88, 89, 91–2, 95.
- 1989 . Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England , 6 For studies of Portsmouth Jewry in order of publication see Rev. I.S. Meisels, ‘The Jewish Congregation of Portsmouth (1766–1842)’, (1908–10), pp.111–27; Cecil Roth, ‘The Portsmouth Community and its Historical Background’, Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England 13 (1932–35), pp. 157–87; Rabbi Eugene Newman, ‘Some New Facts about the Portsmouth Jewish Community’, Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England 17 (1951–52), pp.251–68 and Aubrey Weinberg, Portsmouth Jewry, Portsmouth Papers 41 (1985). There is also much relevant material in Geoffrey Green, The Royal Navy & Anglo-Jewry 1740–1820 (Geoffrey Green: London,).
- Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England , 17 Figures from the religious census of 1851 analysed by Vivian Lipman, ‘A Survey of Anglo-Jewry in 1851’, (1951–52), pp.179, 188.
- Cecile and Moss , Marion . 1843 . The Romance of Jewish History (1840), Tales of Jewish History (Miller & Field, 1843); Lady Magnus, Outlines of Jewish History (1886).
- Peel , R. A. 1999 . The Portsmouth Grammar School and Aria College Portsmouth : Portsmouth Grammar School . William Gates, Illustrated History of Portsmouth (Portsmouth: Carpenter and Co., 1900), p.366.
- Galchinsky , Michael . 1996 . The Origin of the Modern Jewish Woman Writer: Romance and Reform in Victorian England 133 Detroit : Wayne State University Press . .
- Lipman (see note 13), pp.179, 188.
- Katz , David . 1994 . The Jews in the History of England 1485–1850 6 Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- Alderman , Geoffrey . 1992 . Modern British Jewry 53 Oxford : Clarendon Press . For the only sustained (that is over one sentence) account of Southampton Jewry see Cecil Roth, The Rise of Provincial Jewry (London: The Jewish Monthly, 1950), p. 100.
- Langton , Daniel . 1998 . ‘An Englishman of the Jewish Persuasion: Claude Montefiore, Christianity, and Liberal Jewish Thought’ (PhD thesis, University of Southampton,).
- Roth . 1940 . “ ‘The Portsmouth Community’ (see note 12) and ” . In The Jews in the Defence of Britain: Thirteenth to Nineteenth Centuries London : Jewish Historical Society of England . pp.5, 13. The latter was his Presidential address to the JHSE given at a time of national military crisis and when the loyalty of British Jews, especially the refugees from Nazism, was under question; Wolf, ‘A Peep into the Portsmouth Pinches’, Jewish Chronicle, 15 August 1890.
- Green (see note 12), p.182.
- Kashtan , Nadav . 2001 . “ (ed.) ” . In Seafaring and the Jews London : Frank Cass . See, for example, which while not focussing on ports themselves does cover the whole period from antiquity to the twentieth century.
- Williams , Bill . 1975 . The Making of Manchester Jewry 1740–1875 Manchester : Manchester University Press . pp.vii-iii.
- Massey , Doreen and Jess , Pat . 1995 . “ ‘Introduction’ in ” . In A Place in the World 4 ? ed. by Massey and Jess (Oxford: Oxford University Press,)
- Massey , Doreen . 1995 . ‘Places and Their Pasts’ . History Workshop Journal , 39 : 183 (spring)
- Massey , Doreen . 1994 . “ ‘Double Articulation: A Place in the World’, in ” . In Displacements: Cultural Identities in Question Edited by: Bammer , A. Bloomington , IN : Indiana University Press . ed. by p. 120.
- Meyer , Hans . 1999 . City and Port: Urban Planning as a Cultural Venture in London, Barcelona, New York and Rotterdam Utrecht : International Books .
- Hudson , W. H. 1903 . Hampshire Days London : Chapman & Hall .
- Stapleton , Barry , ed. 1993 . Hampshire of One Hundred Years Ago 36 – 43 . Stroud , Gloucestershire : Alan Sutton . In 1980 by Oxford University Press and most remarkably his writings on Hampshire types, revealing the influence of race science, reproduced in ed. by
- Roberts , Morley . 1924 . W.H. Hudson: A Portrait 214 – 5 . London : Eveleigh, Nash and Greyson . See also Paul Rich, Prosperous Return: Historical Essays on Race, Culture and British Society (London: Hansib, 1994), pp.13–15.
- Hudson . Hampshire Days (see note 29), pp.222–3.
- Morton , H. V. 1927 . In Search of England London : Methuen & Co, 1933, orig. . pp. viii, 14, 32. On his influence more generally see C.R. Perry, ‘In Search of H.V. Morton: Travel Writing and Cultural Values in the First Age of British Democracy’, Twentieth Century British History vol.10 no.4 (1999), pp.431–56.
- 1940 . Hampshire Scene London : Methuen & Co . Brian Vesey-Fitzgerald, pp.vii, 2, 130.
- Baker , Mathew . Jem Bunt (1846), quoted by Green (see note 12), p.118.
- Slight , Henry . 1844 . The History of Portsmouth and Stranger's Guide Book 2 Portsmouth : John Miller .
- 1939 . Heaven Lies About Us: A Fragment of Infancy 43 – 4 . London : Constable . Howard Spring
- Cameron , Ross . 2001 . ‘The Most Colourful Extravaganza in the World: Images of Tiger Bay, 1845–1970’ . Patterns of Prejudice , 31.2 : 9 – 21 . pp.59–90; Glenn Jordan, ‘Tiger Bay, Picture Post, and the Politics of Representation’, in ‘Down the Bay: Picture Post, Humanist Photography and Images of 1950s Cardiff ed. by Jordan, (Cardiff: Butetown History & Arts Centre,)
- 1986 . Southampton Times 182 – 207 . See the in 1919 for the violence in Southampton. For the violence in other cities see Jacqueline Jenkinson, ‘The 1919 Race Riots in Britain: A Survey’, in Under the Imperial Carpet: Essays in Black History 1780–1950 ed. by Rainer Lotz and Ian Pegg, (Crawley, Surrey: Rabbit Press,)
- Varley , Telford . 1909 . Hampshire 256 London : Adam and Charles Black .
- 1951 . Southampton: The English Gateway London : Hutchinson & Co . Modern Southampton has not been well served by historians. See, however, Bernard Knowles, Collected Essays on Southampton ed. by J.B. Morgan and Philip Peberdy (Southampton: The County Borough of Southampton, 1958) and A. Temple Patterson, Southampton: A Biography (London: Macmillan, 1970).
- Southampton Times , 29 Editorial: ‘Free Trade for Southampton’, April 1905.
- Kushner , Tony and Knox , Katharine . 1999 . Refugees in an Age of Genocide: Global, National and Local Perspectives during the Twentieth Century London : Frank Cass . See chs 1 and 3.
- Southampton Times , 22 ‘Freemantle Liberals Talk about Aliens’, April 1905.
- Kushner and Knox . (see note 43), pp.45–6, 149–50.
- Mikardo , Ian . 1988 . Back-Bencher London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson . for a vivid autobiographical description of this Jewish influx from the East End. See also Weinberg (note 12), pp. 15–17.
- Report on the Southampton Hebrew Congregation, 31 January 1895, to the Chovrei Zion, in Central Zionist archives, Jerusalem, A2/78. More generally see Kushner and Knox (see note 43), pp.36–7.
- 1904 . Figures from the United States Diplomatic Records, Despatches from US Consuls in Southampton, 1790–1906 (T239), 19.55 (9 August).
- Kushner and Knox . See (see note 43), chapter 3.
- Green . (see note 12), p. 16. For an indication of the rules, regulations and fines imposed in order to control the behaviour of the community, see the minutes of the synagogue reproduced in Meisels, ‘The Jewish Congregation of Portsmouth’, pp. 111–27, esp. p.112.
- The Occident and American Jewish Advocate ‘The Jews in Ohio’ February 1844. I am very grateful to Nils Roemer for drawing my attention to this article by one of its founding members, a Plymouth-origin Jew, Joseph Jonas.
- 1834 . “ introduction to ” . In Peter Simple London : Macmillan, 1895, orig. . For Marryat see David Hannay's pp.vii-xv and pp. 10–11 and chapter 11 for descriptions of Jews in the book itself.
- Green . (see note 12), p.34 and chapters 3 and 7.
- Cheyette , Bryan . 1998 . “ ‘Introduction’ in ” . In Contemporary Jewish Writing in Britain and Ireland: An Anthology Edited by: Cheyette . Lincoln , Nebraska : University of Nebraska Press . ed. by pp.xiv-xvi. See also Michael Galchinsky, The Origin of the Modern Jewish Woman Writer, chapter 3 which is devoted to the Moss sisters; Linda Gertner Zatlin, The Nineteenth-Century Anglo-Jewish Novel (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1981), pp.29–33, 72 and Nadia Valman, ‘Jews and Gender in British Literature, 1815–1865’ (PhD thesis, University of London, 1996). Cheyette, Valman and Zatlin see the Moss sisters as writing apologetically to a non-Jewish audience, whereas Galchinsky argues that they were freed from a male defensiveness and aiming at a Jewish audience.
- Zatlin . (see note 54), p.72.
- Slight , Henry . 1828 . Chronicles of Portsmouth 95 London : Lupton Reife . Among the subscribers were Ezekiel Emanuel and Jacob Jacobs.
- Weinberg . (note 12), p. 15.
- Ibid. 15
- Green (see note 12), pp.28, 171–2.
- “ Jewish Chronicle ” . In Ibid. pp.170–1 and obituary of Emanuel Emanuel in 4 January 1889. I would like to thank Stuart Olesker for sharing his interest in Emanuel Emanuel with me.
- 1900 . Gates (see note 15) (Portsmouth: Carpenter & Co,), chapter 7, esp.364.
- Ibid. pp.366–7.
- Ibid.
- The Battle of Southsea Gates (see note 15) p.366; J. Field, Portsmouth Papers 34 (1981), pp.7–8.
- Hampshire Telegraph, 23 June 1849 quoted by Field (see note 64), pp.10–1.
- Webb , John . Portsmouth Free Mart Fair: The Last Phase 1800–1847 Portsmouth Papers 35 (1982), pp.8, 14, 18.
- Hampshire Telegraph, 15 July 1858.
- Jewish Chronicle Obituary in 4 January 1889; Gates (see note 15), pp.366–7.
- Field (see note 64), passim, esp. p.11.
- Ibid. 17 where the Ballod is reproduced in full.
- Chronicle , Jewish . 4 January 1889. See also Hampshire Telegraph, 5 January 1899.
- Gates (see note 15), p.367; Field (see note 64), p.11.
- Saunders , W. H. 1880 . Annals of Portsmouth London : Hamilton, Adams . pp.203, 206.
- Walker , Alexander . 1981 . Peter Sellers: The Authorized Biography 11 London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson . ; Roger Lewis, The Life and Death of Peter Sellers (London: Random House, 1994), p.5.
- Fyne to the Chovrei Zion, 31 January 1895, Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem, A2/78.
- Minutes of the Gentlemen's Committee, 31 May, 7 and 21 June 1896 in University of Southampton archive, MS 173/2/2/1.
- Meades , Jonathan . 1993 . Pompey 127 London : Jonathan Cape . .
- 1900 . See the Southampton Hebrew Congregation minutes for the 1890s and 1900s and Gentleman's Committee of the Jewish Association for the Protection of Women and Children, 21 June 1896, 15 October and 19 November 1899, 4 October in University of Southampton archives, MS 173/2/2/1 and 5.
- Southampton Times One of the Rothschild daughters, Mrs Eliot Yorke, opened the Emigrants’ Home which soon became Atlantic Hotel. See 11 November 1893. Nicholas Evans is working on the transmigrant trade in Britain and in particular the Wilson Line of Hull. See a report of his contribution to the 21st international conference on Jewish Genealogy in the Jewish Chronicle, 13 July 2001.
- Alderman . See (note 19), p.22 and Williams (note 24), passim for Liverpool Jewry.
- Sebag-Montefiore , Ruth . 1987 . A Family Patchwork: Five Generations of an Anglo-Jewish Family 64 – 8 . London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson . For Lady Magnus, see Roth, ‘The Portsmouth Community’ (see note 12), p. 157 described her as ‘one of the most gifted women who ever graced the Anglo-Jewish community’.
- Roth . ‘The Portsmouth Community’ (see note 12), p. 167 but see Weinberg (note 12), pp.6–9 for a more convincing stress on local factors.
- Lipman . (see note 13), p. 179.
- Kushner and Knox . See (see note 43), pp.36–42.
- Eastleigh Weekly News Gates (see note 15), pp.365–6 for Portsmouth. For Southampton records of the Hebrew congregation, correspondence, and 2 October 1931 for the formation of an ‘Atlantic Park Club of New York’. Atlantic Park was a huge transmigrant camp which operated throughout the 1920s several miles from Southampton. See Kushner and Knox (note 43), chapter 3, for a full history of Atlantic Park; Walker (see note 74), p. 158; Lewis (see note 74), pp.19, 33.
- Brownstone , David . “ Irene Franck and Douglass Brownstone ” . In Island of Hope, Island of Tears (New York: Barnes & Noble, 2000 [orig. 1979]), pp.105.
- See the other contributions in this volume for studies of these port Jew communities.
- Massey . ‘Places and Their Pasts’ (see note 26), p. 183.