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Original Articles

Surviving the Holocaust: The anger and guilt of Primo Levi

Pages 237-251 | Published online: 03 Aug 2010

  • Levi's most important works in this respect, with dates of first publication, are If This Is a Man (1947), The Truce (1963), The Periodic Table (1975), Moments of Reprieve (1981), y Not Now, When? (1982), The Drowned and the Saved (1986). Quotes from these books are not in the notes.
  • Sodi , Risa . 1990 . A Dante of Our Time: Primo Levi and Auschwitz , New York : P. Lang .
  • Anissimov , Myriam . 1998 . Primo Levi: Tragedy of an Optimist , London : Aurum Press .
  • Camon , Ferdinande . 1989 . Conversations with Primo Levi , Marlboro, Vermont : Marlboro Press .
  • Greer , Germaine . 1985 . Literary Review 89 , November
  • Roth , Philip . 1986 . The New York Times , October 12
  • Rudolf , Anthony . 1986 . London Magazine , 26 October
  • Rudolf , Anthony . 1990 . At an Uncertain Hour , London : Menard Press .
  • Rosenfeld , Alvin . 1980 . A Double Dying: Reflections on Holocaust Literature , Bloomington, Indiana : Indiana University Press .
  • Langer , Lawrence . 1982 . Versions of Survival: the Holocaust and the Human Spirit , New York : State University of New York Press .
  • LaCapra , Dominic . 1994 . Representing the Holocaust: History, Theory, Trauma , London : Cornell University Press .
  • Camon . Conversations 6
  • Stille , Alexander . 1992 . Benevolence and Betrayal: Five Italian Jewish Families under Fascism , London : Cape .
  • Camon . Conversations 67
  • Rudolf . Uncertain Hour 2
  • Camon . Conversations 8
  • Rudolf . Uncertain Hour 2
  • Haas , Aaron . 1996 . In the Shadow of the Holocaust , 76 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Sevillias , Erikkos and Hilberg , Raul . 1993 . Perpetrators Victims Bystanders , 188 New York : Harper Perennial .
  • Camon . Conversations 21
  • Ibid, pp 72-73.
  • Marrus , Michael . 1995 . "Jewish resistance in the Holocaust," . Journal of Contemporary History , 30 : 93
  • Ibid, p 95.
  • LaCapra . Representing the Holocaust 197
  • Gilbert , Martin . 1986 . The Holocaust , 300 – 318 . London : Fontana . Whilst the sadistic individual brutality must not be overstated, there is clear evidence of cruelty including target practice, the deliberate training of dogs to savage Jews and other near unimaginable cruelties
  • Wiesenthal , Simon . 1969 . The Murderers Are Amongst Us , 32 London : Heinemann .
  • Camon . Conversations 48 – 49 .
  • Levi , Primo . 1987 . The Wrench , 79 – 80 . London : Abacus .
  • Langer , Lawrence . 2000 . "Redefining heroic behavior," ” . In The Holocaust: Origins, Implementation, Aftermath , Edited by: Bartov , Omer . 241 London : Routledge .
  • Ibid, p 241.
  • Camon . Conversations 21 – 22 .
  • Bettelheim , Bruno . 1979 . Surviving and Other Essays , London : Thames and Hudson .
  • Haas . In the Shadow of the Holocaust 19
  • Levy , Ernest . 1998 . Just One More Dance , Edinburgh : Mainstream . Similar experiences are recorded by other survivors, most recently by
  • Langbein , Hermann . 1994 . Against All Hope , 185 193 196 London : Constable .
  • Camon . Conversations 20
  • Haas . In the Shadow of the Holocaust 42 156
  • Rosenbaum , Irving . 1976 . The Holocaust and Halakhah , 24 New York : Ktav Publishing House .
  • Gill , Anton . 1994 . The Journey Back from Hell , 95 London : HarperCollins .
  • Krystal , Henry . 1986 . "Patterns of psychological damage," ” . In Massive Psychic Trauma , Edited by: Krystal , Henry . 4 New York : International Universities Press .
  • Steve . interviewed in Haas, In the Shadow of the Holocaust 42
  • Haas . In the Shadow of the Holocaust 73
  • Haas . In the Shadow of the Holocaust 74
  • Hilberg . Perpetrators 171
  • Gryn , Hugo . Gill, Journey , 167
  • Wiesenthal , Simon . Gill, Journey , 221 – 222 .
  • Brenner , Lenni . 1984 . The Iron Wall , 13 – 16 . London : Zed Books . See, for example, the debates over the issue of Zionism before World War One in
  • Vital , David . 1982 . Zionism, the Formative Years , 176 Oxford : Clarendon Press . to a Bundist leader writing in 1898, the danger of Zionism was that anti-Semites would be able to say to Jews demanding rights: "If you don't like it here, why don't you go away and live in your own state?"
  • Kadish , Sharman . 1992 . Bolsheviks and British Jews , London : Frank Cass . There were contradictions and heated debates about Jewish establishment support for the "Whites," as the White armies were involved in anti-Semitic violence. For a discussion and analysis of the debates around this in Britain
  • Gutsman , M. 1982 . The Jews of Warsaw 1939-43 , Brighton : Harvester . Chapters 3-6
  • Edelman , Marek . 1990 . The Ghetto Fights , 56 – 58 . London : Bookmarks .
  • Ibid, p 58.
  • Orr , Akiva . 1987 . "The Kastner case," ” . In Perdition , Edited by: Alien , Jim . 81 – 105 . London : Atlantic Highlands . For a discussion of the evidence
  • Haas , Peter J. 1988 . Morality After Auschwitz , 163 Philadelphia : Fortress Press .
  • Gilbert . Holocaust 188
  • Haas . Morality 161
  • Ludwig , Emil . Brenner, Iron Wall 59
  • Gilbert . Holocaust 249
  • Evans , Richard . 1989 . Hitler's Shadow: West German Historians and the Attempt to Escape from the Nazi Past , 120 London, LB : Taurus .
  • Anissimov . Levi 383 – 406 .
  • Gill . Journey 15
  • Haas . In the Shadow of the Holocaust 23
  • Camon . Conversations 63
  • Rudolf . Uncertain Hour 36
  • Ibid.
  • Camon . Conversations 74
  • Rudolf . Uncertain Hour 19

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