Alleviating Social Isolation and Loneliness among Older People

References

• Andersson , L. 1998 . Loneliness research and interventions: a review of the literature . Aging & Mental Health , 2 ( 4 ) : 264 – 274 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Associate Minister of Health . 2002 . Health of Older People Strategy. Health Sector Action to 2010 to Support Positive Ageing , Wellington , , New Zealand : Ministry of Health .
   Google Scholar
• Baranowski , T. , Perry , C. L. and Parcel , G. S. 1997 . “ How individuals, environments and health behavior interact: social cognitive theory ” . In Health Behavior and Health Education, Theory, Research and Practice , Edited by: Glanz , K. , Lewis , F. M. and Rimer , B. K. 153 – 178 . San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Barrera , M. 1991 . Social support interventions and the third law of ecology . American Journal of Community Psychology , 19 ( 1 ) : 133 – 138 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blazer , D. G. 2002 . Self-efficacy and depression in late life: a primary prevention proposal . Aging and Mental Health , 6 ( 4 ) : 315 – 324 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowling , A. 1993 . The concepts of successful and positive ageing . Family Practice , 10 ( 4 ) : 449 – 453 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brager , G. and Specht , H. 1973 . Community Organizing , New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cattan , M. 2002a . Preventing social isolation and loneliness among older people: effectiveness of health promotion interventions , PhD Thesis Newcastle upon Tyne : University of Newcastle .
   Google Scholar
• Cattan , M. 2002b . Supporting Older People to Overcome Social Isolation and Loneliness , London : Help the Aged .
   Google Scholar
• Coombes , Y. 2000 . “ Combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to evaluation ” . In Evaluating Health Promotion Practice and Methods , Edited by: Thorogood , M. and Coombes , Y. 27 – 40 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Davies , S. 1999 . “ Empowerment and health. A community development approach to health promotion ” . In Health and Exclusion , Edited by: Purdy , M. and Banks , D. 136 – 157 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• de Jong Gierveld , J. 1989 . Personal relationships, social support, and loneliness . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 6 ( 2 ) : 197 – 221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denscombe , M. 2002 . Ground Rules for Good Research – A 10-Point Guide for Social Researchers , Buckingham : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health . 2001 . National Service Framework for Older People , London : DoH .
   Google Scholar
• Farquhar , M. 1995 . Elderly people's definitions of quality of life . Social Science and Medicine , 41 ( 10 ) : 1,439 – 1,446 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glasgow , R. E. , Vogt , T. M. and Boles , S. M. 1999 . Evaluating the public health impact of health promotion interventions: the RE-AIM framework . American Journal of Public Health , 89 : 1,322 – 1,327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottlieb , B. H. 1988 . “ Support interventions: a typology and agenda for research ” . In Handbook of Personal Relationships , Edited by: Duck , S. W. 519 – 545 . Chichester : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Hobfoll , S. E. and Jackson , A. P. 1991 . Conservation of resources in community intervention . American Journal of Community Psychology , 19 ( 1 ) : 111 – 121 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerrome , D. 1981 . The significance of friendship for women in later life . Ageing and Society , 1 ( 2 ) : 175 – 197 .
   Google Scholar
• Jerrome , D. 1991 . Loneliness: possibilities for intervention . Journal of Aging Studies , 5 ( 2 ) : 195 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor , W. and J Nazroo , J. , eds. 2002 . Ethnic Differences in the Context and Experience of Psychiatric Illness: A Qualitative Study , London : TSO .
   Google Scholar
• Peplau , L. A. 1985 . “ Loneliness research: basic concepts and findings ” . In Social Support: Theory, Research and Applications , Edited by: Sarason , I. G. and Sarason , B. R. 269 – 285 . Lancaster : Martinus Nijhoff .
   Google Scholar
• Peplau , L. A. , Miceli , M. and Morasch , B. 1982 . “ Loneliness and self-evaluation ” . In Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy , Edited by: Peplau , L. A. and Perlman , D. 135 – 151 . New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Richie , J. and Spencer , L. 1994 . “ Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research ” . In Analyzing Qualitative Data , Edited by: Bryman , A. and Burgess , R. G. 173 – 194 . London & New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Rokach , A. 1996 . The subjectivity of loneliness and coping with it . Psychological Reports , 79 : 475 – 481 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rook , K. S. 1984 . “ Research on social support, loneliness, and social isolation ” . In Review of Personality and Social Psychology. Emotions, Relationships, and Health , Edited by: Shaver , P. 239 – 264 . Beverly Hills : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Rook , K. S. 1988 . “ Toward a more differentiated view of loneliness ” . In Handbook of Personal Relationships , Edited by: Duck , S. W. 571 – 581 . Chichester : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Rotenberg , K. J. and MacKie , J. 1999 . Stigmatization of social and intimacy loneliness . Psychological Reports , 84 : 147 – 148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sefton , T. and Richardson , L. Evaluating small-scale community projects – can the circle be squared? . 7th Researching the Voluntary Sector Conference . London . NCVO .
   Google Scholar
• Silverman , D. 2001 . Interpreting Qualitative Data: Methods for Analysing Talk, Text and Interaction , London : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , N. and van Tilburg , T. 2000 . Stimulating friendship in later life: a strategy for reducing loneliness among older women . Educational Gerontology , 26 ( 1 ) : 15 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tones , K. and Tilford , S. 2001 . Health Promotion, Effectiveness, Efficiency and Equity , Cheltenham : Nelson Thornes .
   Google Scholar
• Tornstam , L. 1995 . Ensam av ålder – eller av kön? [Loneliness, a result of age or gender?] . Tidskriften ÄlderCentrum , 3 : 6 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Townsend , P. 1957 . The Family Life of Older People , London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Townsend , P. 1968 . “ Isolation, desolation and loneliness ” . In Old People in Three Industrial Societies , Edited by: Shanas , E. , Townsend , P. , Wedderburn , D. , Friis , H. , Milhoj , P. and Stehouwer , P. 258 – 286 . London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Tunstall , J. 1966 . Old and Alone , London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• van Baarsen , B. 2002 . Theories on coping with loss: the impact of social support and self-esteem on adjustment to emotional and social loneliness following a partner's death in later life . Journals of Gerontology Series B - Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences , 57 ( 1 ) : S33 – S42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Victor , C. S. , Scambler , S. , Bond , J. and Bowling , A. 2000 . Being alone in later life: loneliness, social isolation and living alone . Reviews in Clinical Gerontology , 10 : 407 – 417 .
   Google Scholar
• Victor , C. R. , Scambler , S. , Shah , S. , Cook , G. D. , Harris , T. , Rink , E. and de Wilde , S. 2002 . Has loneliness amongst older people increased: an investigation into variations between cohorts . Ageing and Society , 22 : 585 – 597 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker , A. 1999 . “ Older people and health services. The challenge of empowerment ” . In Health and Exclusion , Edited by: Purdy , M. and Banks , D. 158 – 178 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Weeks , D. J. 1994 . A review of loneliness concepts, with particular reference to old age . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 9 ( 5 ) : 345 – 355 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss , R. S. 1982 . “ Issues in the study of loneliness ” . In Loneliness: A Source Book of Current Theory, Research and Therapy , Edited by: Peplau , L. and Perlman , D. 71 – 80 . New York : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Wenger , G. C. Davies , R. 1996 . Social isolation and loneliness in old age – review and model refinement . Ageing and Society , 16 ( Pt3 ) : 333 – 358 .
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation . 2002 . Active Ageing: A Policy Framework , Geneva : WHO .
   Google Scholar