The Thai Lao question: the reappearance of Thailand’s ethnic Lao community and related policy questions

Bibliography

• Alexander, S. T., and D. McCargo. “Diglossia and Identity in Northeast Thailand: Linguistic, Social, and Political Hierarchy.” Journal of Sociolinguistics 18, no. 1 (2014): 60–86. doi:10.1111/josl.12064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aphornsuvan, T. “Origins of Malay Muslim “Separatism” in Southern Thailand.” In Thai South and Malay North: Ethnic Interactions on a Plural Peninsula, edited by M. J. Montesano, and P. Jory, 91–123. Singapore: NUS Press, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Arnstein, S. R. “A Ladder of Citizen Participation.” Journal of the American Planning Association 35, no. 4 (1969): 216–224. doi:10.1080/01944366908977225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASEAN Secretariat. ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Blueprint. Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Azevedo, J. P., G. Inchauste, S. Olivieri, J. Saavedra, and H. Winkler. Is Labor Income Responsible for Poverty Reduction? A Decomposition Approach. Policy Research Working Paper No. 6414. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2013. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/15552.
   Google Scholar
• Baird, I. “Should Ethnic Lao People be Considered Indigenous to Cambodia? Ethnicity, Classification and the Politics of Indigeneity.” Asian Ethnicity 17, no. 4 (2016): 506–526. doi:10.1080/14631369.2015.1137196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breazeale, K. “The Integration of the Lao States into the Thai Kingdom.” PhD diss., University of Oxford, 1975.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, J. M. From Ancient Thai to Modern Dialects and Other Writings on Historical Thai Linguistics. Bangkok: White Lotus Press, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Buadaeng, K. “The Rise and Fall of the Tribal Research Institute (TRI).” Southeast Asian Studies 44, no. 3 (2006): 359–384.
   Google Scholar
• Bunnag, T. “The Provincial Administration of Siam from 1892 to 1915: A Study of the Creation, the Growth, the Achievements and the Implications for Modern Siam, of the Ministry of the Interior under Prince Damrong Rachanuphap.” PhD diss., University of Oxford, 1968.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, C. 2014. “If There’s Going to be a Thai Civil War, Isaan will be its Front Line.” Time, July 2. http://time.com/2948172/thailand-isaan-province-identity/.
   Google Scholar
• Chaipraditkul, N. “Thailand: Beauty and Globalized Self-Identity through Cosmetic Therapy and Skin Lightening.” Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics 13, no. 1 (2013): 23–37. doi:10.3354/esep00134.
   Google Scholar
• Chaloemtiarana, T. Thailand: The Politics of Despotic Paternalism. Chiang Mai: Silkworm, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Chambers, R. Paradigms, Poverty, and Adaptive Pluralism. IDS Working Paper 344. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, 2010. doi:10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00344_2.x.
   Google Scholar
• Christie, C. J. A Modern History of Southeast Asia: Decolonization, Nationalism and Separatism. London: Tauris, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Committee for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. Thailand: CERD Reservations and Declarations, 2003. http://www.bayefsky.com/html/thailand_t2_cerd.php.
   Google Scholar
• Committee for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. Summary Record of the 2173rd Meeting. Paris: United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2012a. http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CERD%2FC%2FSR.2173&Lang=en.
   Google Scholar
• Committee for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. Summary Record of the 2174th Meeting. Paris: United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2012b. http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CERD%2FC%2FSR.2174&Lang=en.
   Google Scholar
• Cultural Survival, NIPT, and AIPP. Observations on the State of Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Thailand in Light of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Cambridge, MA: Cultural Survival, NIPT, and AIPP, 2015. https://www.culturalsurvival.org/sites/default/files/media/thailandupr-sep2015-final_0.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Diller, A. V. N. “What Makes Central Thai a National Language?” In National Identity and Its Defenders: Thailand Today, edited by C. Reynolds, 71–107. Bangkok: Silkworm, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Donders, Y. M. Human Rights: Eye for Cultural Diversity. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam, 2012. http://dare.uva.nl/record/1/373400.
   Google Scholar
• Draper, J. 2011. Solving Isaan’s Education Problem. The Isaan Record, December 12. http://isaanrecord.com/2011/12/12/op-ed-solving-isaans-education-problem/.
   Google Scholar
• Draper, J. “Revisiting English in Thailand.” The Asian EFL Journal Quarterly 14, no. 4 (2012): 9–38.
   Google Scholar
• Draper, J. 2014. “PISA Thailand Regional Breakdown Shows Inequalities between Bangkok and Upper North with the Rest of Thailand.” Isaan Record, February 21. http://isaanrecord.com/2014/02/21/pisa-thailand-regional-breakdown-shows-inequalities-between-bangkok-and-upper-north-with-the-rest-of-thailand/.
   Google Scholar
• Draper, J. 2015. “Racism Rising in the Land of Smiles.” Prachatai, 12 December.
   Google Scholar
• Draper, J. “Towards a Curriculum for the Thai Lao of Northeast Thailand?” Current Issues in Language Planning 16, no. 3 (2015): 238–258. doi:10.1080/14664208.2015.1023420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Draper, J. 2016. “2016: The Year of Thailand’s Quantum Ethnic Communities?” Prachatai, January 3. http://www.prachatai.com/english/node/5738.
   Google Scholar
• Draper, J. “The Isan Culture Maintenance and Revitalization Programme’s Multilingual Signage Attitude Survey: Phase II.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 34, no. 7 (2016): 617–635. doi:10.1080/01434632.2016.1142997.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Draper, J., and P. Kamnuansilpa. 2015. “The Quest for a Political Solution.” Bangkok Post, November 24. http://www.bangkokpost.com/print/774393/.
   Google Scholar
• Draper, J., and A. Nilaiyaka. “Culture and Language Promotion in Thailand: Implications for the Thai Lao Minority of Introducing Multilingual Signage.” Asian Ethnicity 16, no. 2 (2014): 203–234. doi:10.1080/14631369.2014.906060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Draper, J., and D. Streckfuss. 2015. “Minorities and Minority Rights in Thailand.” New Mandala, May 11. http://www.newmandala.org/minorities-and-minority-rights-in-thailand/.
   Google Scholar
• Dryzek, J. S. “Political Inclusion and the Dynamics of Democratization.” The American Political Science Review 90, no. 3 (1996): 475–487. doi:10.2307/2082603.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekachai, S. 2016. “Life for Poor Forest Dwellers as Cheap as Ever.” Bangkok Post, February 10. http://www.bangkokpost.com/print/857828/.
   Google Scholar
• Erni, C. ed. The Concept of Indigenous Peoples in Asia: A Resource Book. Copenhagen: IWGIA and AIPP, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Farrell, D. M. “The United Kingdom Comes of Age: The British Electoral Reform “Revolution” of the 1990s.” In Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds? edited by M. S. Shugart, and M. P. Wattenberg, 521–541. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Ferrara, F. The Political Development of Modern Thailand. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Fong, J. “Political Vulnerabilities of a Primate City: The May 2010 Red Shirts Uprising in Bangkok, Thailand.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 48, no. 3 (2012): 332–347. doi:10.1177/0021909612453981.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. “Two Lectures.” In Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–1977, edited by C. Gordon, 78–108. Brighton: Harvester, 1976/1980.
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, N. Justus Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the “Postsocialist” Condition. New York: Routledge, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Fuller, T. 2014. “Thailand’s Political Tensions are Rekindling Ethnic and Regional Divisions.” The New York Times, April 12. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/13/world/asia/thailands-political-tensions-are-rekindling-ethnic-and-regional-divisions.html?_r=1.
   Google Scholar
• Gallie, D., and S. Paugam. “Unemployment, Poverty, and Social Isolation: An Assessment of the Current State of Social Exclusion Theory.” In Resisting Marginalization: Unemployment Experience and Social Policy in the European Union, edited by D. Gallie, 34–53. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Glassman, J., and C. Sneddon. “Chiang Mai and Khon Kaen as Growth Poles: Regional Industrial Development in Thailand and Its Implications for Urban Sustainability.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 590, no. 1 (2003): 93–115. doi:10.1177/0002716203257075.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Government Public Relations Department. 12 Thai Values. Bangkok: National News Bureau of Thailand, 2014. http://thainews.prd.go.th/banner/en/Core_Values/.
   Google Scholar
• Grabowsky, V. “The Thai Census of 1904: Translation and Analysis.” Journal of the Siam Society 84, no. 1 (1996): 49–87.
   Google Scholar
• Grossman, N., ed. King Bhumibol Adulyadej: A Life’s Work. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Handley, P. M. The King Never Smiles. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Herder, J. G. Johann Gotfried Herder: Schriften. Reinbek: Rowohlt, 1968.
   Google Scholar
• Hesse-Swain, C. “Programming Beauty and the Absence of Na Lao: Popular Thai TV and Identity Formation among Youth in Northeast Thailand.” GeoJournal 66, no. 3 (2006): 257–272. doi:10.1007/s10708-006-9028-x.
   Google Scholar
• Hesse-Swain, C. “Speaking in Thai, Dreaming in Isan: Popular Thai Television and Emerging Identities of Lao Isan Youth Living in Northeast Thailand.” PhD diss., Edith Cowan University, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Hewison, K. “Considerations on Inequality and Politics in Thailand.” Democratization 21, no. 5 (2014): 846–866. doi:10.1080/13510347.2014.882910.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juntanamagala, P. “Thai or Siam?” Names: A Journal of Onomastics 36, no. 1–2 (1988): 69–84. doi:10.1179/nam.1988.36.1-2.69.
   Google Scholar
• Keyes, C. F. Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State. Boulder: Westview Press, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Keyes, C. F. Finding Their Voice: Northeastern Villagers and the Thai State. Chiang Mai: Silkworm, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Kymlicka, W. Multicultural Citizenship. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Kymlicka, W. Politics in the Vernacular: Nationalism, Multiculturalism, and Citizenship. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Laungaramsri, P. “Constructing Marginality: the ‘Hill Tribe’ Karen and their Shifting Locations within Thai State and Public Perspectives.” In Living at the Edge of Thai Society, edited by C. O. Delang, 21–42. London: Routledge Curzon, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Levitas, R., C. Pantazis, E. Fahmy, D. Gordon, E. Lloyd, and D. Patsios. The Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Social Exclusion. London: Department for Communities and Local Government, 2007. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http:/www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/media/cabinetoffice/social_exclusion_task_force/assets/research/multidimensional.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, M. P., G. F. Simons, and C. D. Fennig, eds. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 19th ed. Dallas: SIL International, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Lijphart, A. Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977.
   Google Scholar
• Lijphart, A. Patterns of Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Lijphart, A. “Constitutional Design for Divided Societies.” Journal of Democracy 15, no. 2 (2004): 96–109. doi:10.1353/jod.2004.0029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lijphart, A. Thinking about Democracy: Power Sharing and Majority Rule in Theory and Practice. Abingdon: Routledge, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Linz, J. J. The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Crisis, Breakdown, and Reequilibration. London: John Hopkins University Press, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Loayza, N. V., and C. Raddatz. “The Composition of Growth Matters for Poverty Alleviation.” Journal of Development Economics 93, no. 1 (2010): 137–151. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.03.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luangthongkum, T. “The Positions of Non-Thai Languages in Thailand.” In Language, Nation and Development in Southeast Asia, edited by L. H. Guan, and L. Suryadinata, 181–194. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• McCargo, D., and K. Hongladarom. “Contesting Isan-ness: Discourse and Politics in the Northeast of Thailand.” Asian Ethnicity 5, no. 2 (2004): 219–234. doi:10.1080/1463136042000221898.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, T., and L. Hinchman. The Theory of Social Democracy. Cambridge: Polity, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, F. A., and J. H. Katz. The Inclusion Breakthrough: Unleashing the Real Power of Diversity. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Thailand. Statement by Prime Minister at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit 2015. Bangkok: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2015. http://www.mfa.go.th/main/en/media-center/28/60617-Statement-by-Prime-Minister-at-the-United-Nations.html.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of the Interior. The Decentralisation Plan and Procedures Act. Bangkok: Ministry of the Interior, 1999. http://thailaws.com/law/t_laws/tlaw0070_6.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Montesano, M. J., P. Chachavalpongpun, and A. Chongvilaivan, eds. Bangkok, May 2010: Perspectives on a Divided Thailand. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Muntarbhorn, V. 2012. “Thailand’s Race Laws Face Scrutiny.” Bangkok Post, September 5. http://www.bangkokpost.com/print/310876/.
   Google Scholar
• National Statistical Office, UNICEF, Ministry of Public Health, National Health Security Office, Thai Health Promotion Foundation, International Health Policy Program. Thailand: Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2012. Bangkok: National Statistical Office, UNICEF, Ministry of Public Health, National Health Security Office, Thai Health Promotion Foundation, International Health Policy Program, 2013. http://www.unicef.org/thailand/57-05-011-MICS_EN.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• National Statistics Office. The 2010 Population and Housing Census. Bangkok: National Statistics Office, 2010. http://web.nso.go.th/en/census/poph/cen_poph_10.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Office of the Basic Education Commission. Basic Education Core Curriculum. Bangkok: Office of the Basic Education Commission, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Office of the Council of State. 2007. “Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, B.E. 2550.” http://www.asianlii.org/th/legis/const/2007/1.html.
   Google Scholar
• Onn, L. S. “A Comparative Study of Khmer-Thai Perceptions through Historical Writings: Ideologies and Discourse.” PhD diss., Waseda University, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Persaud, W. H. “Gender, Race and Global Modernity: A Perspective from Thailand.” Globalizations 2, no. 2 (2005): 210–227. doi:10.1080/14747730500202214.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, C. “Institutional Racism and Ethnic Inequalities: An Expanded Multilevel Framework.” Journal of Social Policy 40, no. 1 (2011): 173–192. doi:10.1017/s0047279410000565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popay, J., S. Escorel, M. Hernández, and H. Johnston. Understanding and Tackling Social Exclusion: Final Report to the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health from the Social Exclusion Knowledge Network. Lancaster: Lancaster University, SEKN, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Premsrirat, S. “Redefining “Thainess”.” In Contemporary Socio-Cultural and Political Perspectives in Thailand, edited by P. Liamputtong, 3–22. London: Springer, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Rawls, J. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1971.
   Google Scholar
• Renner, S., G. Prewitt, M. Watanabe, and L. Gascho. Summary of the Virtual Round Table on Social Exclusion. New York: United Nations Development Program, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds, C. J., ed. National Identity and its Defenders: Thailand Today. Chiang Mai: Silkworm, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds, C. J. “On the Gendering of Post Nationalist Selves in Twentieth Century Thailand.” In Genders and Sexualities in Modern Thailand, edited by P. A. Jackson, and N. M. Cook, 264–266. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Room, G. J. “Social Exclusion, Solidarity and the Challenge of Globalization.” International Journal of Social Welfare 8, no. 3 (1999): 166–174. doi:10.1111/1468-2397.00080.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rorty, R. Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Royal Institute. National Language Policy Draft. Bangkok: Royal Institute, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Sakboon, M. “Controlling Bad Drugs, Creating Good Citizens: Citizenship and Social Immobility for Thailand’s Highland Ethnic Minorities.” In Rights to Culture: Heritage, Language, and Community in Thailand, edited by C. Barry, 213–238. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Sayed, Y., and R. Ahmed. “Education Quality, and Teaching and Learning in the Post-2015 Education Agenda.” International Journal of Educational Development 40 (2015): 330–338. doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.11.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sopranzetti, C. “Thailand’s Relapse: The Implications of the May 2014 Coup.” The Journal of Asian Studies 75, no. 2 (2016): 299–316. doi:10.1017/s0021911816000462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinert, H., and A. Pilgram, eds. Welfare Policy from Below: Struggles against Social Exclusion in Europe. Burlington: Ashgate, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Strate, S. The Lost Territories: Thailand’s History of National Humiliation. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Streckfuss, D. “An ‘Ethnic’ Reading of ‘Thai’ History in the Twilight of the Century-Old Official ‘Thai’ National Model.” South East Asia Research 20, no. 3 (2012): 305–327. doi:10.5367/sear.2012.0115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streckfuss, D. “The Mixed Colonial Legacy in Siam: Origins of Thai Racialist thought, 1890–1910.” In Autonomous Histories, Particular Truths: Essays in Honor of John R. W. Smail, edited by L. J. Sears, 123–154. Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Taket, A., B. R. Crisp, M. Graham, L. Hanna, and S. Goldingay. “Scoping Social Inclusion Practice.” In Practising Social Inclusion, edited by A. Taket, B. R. Crisp, S. Goldingay, M. Graham, L. Hanna, and L. Wilson, 3–42. London: Routledge, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, C. Multiculturalism and the Politics of Recognition. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Tong, C.-K. Identity and Ethnic Relations in Southeast Asia: Racializing Chineseness. London: Springer, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Turoff, M. “The Policy Delphi.” In The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications, edited by H. A. Linstone, and M. Turoff, 80–96. Newark: New Jersey Institute of Technology, 1975. http://is.njit.edu/pubs/delphibook/delphibook.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. New York: United Nations, 1948. http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs. Goal 10: Reduce Inequality within and among Countries. New York: DESA, 2015. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg10.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs. World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables. New York: DESA, 2015. https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/publications/files/key_findings_wpp_2015.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Programme. Advancing Human Development through the ASEAN Community: Thailand Human Development Report 2014. Bangkok: UNDP, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations General Assembly. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 195. New York: United Nations, 1965. Treaty Series 660, December 21. http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3940.html.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations General Assembly. The Paris Principles. New York: United Nations, 1993. Resolution 48/134, December 20. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/StatusOfNationalInstitutions.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• Van Esterik, P. Materializing Thailand. Oxford: Berg, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Walzer, M. Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality. New York: Basic Books, 1983.
   Google Scholar
• West, B. A. Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. New York: Facts on File, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Winichakul, T. Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-Body of a Nation. Hawai’i: University of Hawai’i Press, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Winichakul, T. “The Others Within: Travel and Ethno-spatial Differentiation of Siamese Subjects, 1885–1910.” In Civility and Savagery, edited by A. Turton, 38–62. Richmond: Curzon, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Wongpreedee, A., and C. Mahakanjana. “Decentralization and Local Governance in Thailand.” In Public Administration in Southeast Asia, edited by E. M. Berman, 53–78. Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. Inclusion Matters: The Foundation for Shared Prosperity. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2013. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16195.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. Social Inclusion. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2013. http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/socialdevelopment/brief/social-inclusion.
   Google Scholar