The influence of sampling frequency on the detection of long-term change in three lakes in the English Lake District

References

• Bouchard , A. and Haemmerli , J. 1992 . Trend detection in water-quality time-series of LRTAP-Quebec network lakes . Wat. Soil Pollut. , 62 : 89 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Brylynski , M. and Mann , K. H. 1973 . An analysis of factors governing productivity in lakes and reservoirs . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 18 : 1 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Catalan , J. and Fee , E. J. 1994 . “ Interannual variability in limnetic ecosystems: origin, patterns and predictability ” . In Limnology Now: A Paradigm of Planetary Problems , Edited by: Margalef , R. pp. 81 – 97 . Elsevier : Amsterdam .
   Google Scholar
• George , D. G. 1989 . Zooplankton patchiness in an enclosed and unenclosed area of water . J. Plankton Res. , 11 : 173 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• George , D. G. 2000 . The impact of regional-scale changes in the weather on the long-term dynamics of Eudiaptomus and Daphnia in Esthwaite Water, Cumbria . Freshwat. Biol. , 43 : 111 – 121 .
   Google Scholar
• George , D. G. 2002 . “ Regional-scale influences on the long-term dynamics of lake plankton ” . In Phytoplankton Production , Edited by: Le , P. J. , Williams , B. , Thomas , D. N. and Reynolds , C. S. pp. 265 – 290 . Blackwell Scientific .
   Google Scholar
• George , D. G. and Harris , G. P. 1985 . The effect of climate on long-term changes in the crustacean zooplankton biomass of Lake Windermere, UK . Nature , 316 : 536 – 539 .
   Google Scholar
• George , D. G. and Taylor , A. H. 1995 . UK lake plankton and the Gulf-stream . Nature , 378 : 139 – 139 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George , D. G. , Hewitt , D. P. , Lund , J. W. G. and Smyly , W. J. P. 1990 . The relative effects of enrichment and climate change on the long-term dynamics of Daphnia in Esthwaite Water . Freshwat. Biol. , 23 : 55 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George , D. G. , Talling , J. F. and Rigg , E. 2000 . Factors influencing the temporal coherence of five lakes in the English Lake District . Freshwat. Biol. , 43 : 449 – 461 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , G. P. 1986 . Phytoplankton Ecology: Structure, Function and Fluctuation , London : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Hurley , M. A. , Currie , J. E. , Gough , J. and Butterwick , C. 1996 . A framework for the analysis of the Harmonised Monitoring Scheme data for England and Wales . Environmetrics , 7 : 379 – 390 .
   Google Scholar
• Hurrell , J. W. 1995 . Decadal trends in the North-Atlantic Oscillation—Regional temperature and precipitation . Science , 269 : 676 – 679 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kettunen , J. 1993 . “ Design of limnological observations for detecting processes in lakes and reservoirs ” . In Comparative Reservoir Limnology and Water Quality Management , Edited by: Straškraba , M. , Tundisi , J. G. and Duncan , A. pp. 139 – 146 . Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Lane , A. M. J. 1997 . The UK environmental change network database: An integrated information resource for long-term monitoring and research . J. Environm. Manage. , 51 : 87 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Lund , J. W. G. and Talling , J. F. 1957 . Botanical limnological methods with special reference to the algae . Bot. Rev. , 23 : 489 – 583 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick , S. , Battarbee , R. W. and Jenkins , A. 1996 . Monitoring acid waters in the UK: An overview of the UK acid waters monitoring network and summary of the first interpretative exercise . Freshwat. Biol. , 36 : 131 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• Pickering , A. D. 2001 . Windermere: Restoring the health of England's largest lake , Freshwater Biological Association . Special Publication No. 11,
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds , C. S. 1990 . Temporal scales of variability in pelagic environments and the responses of phytoplankton . Freshwat. Biol. , 23 : 25 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stansfield , B. 2001 . Effects of sampling frequency and laboratory limits on the determination of time series water quality trends . N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. , 35 : 1071 – 1075 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straškraba , M. 1980 . “ The effects of physical variables on freshwater production: analyses based on models ” . In The Functioning of Freshwater Ecosystems , Edited by: Le Cren , E. D. and Lowe-McConnell , R. H. pp. 13 – 84 . Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stephens , K. 1963 . Determination of low phosphate concentrations in lake and marine waters . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 8 : 361 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talling , J. 1974 . “ Photosynthetic pigments: General outline of spectrometric methods; specific procedures ” . In A Manual on Methods for Measuring Primary Production in Aquatic Environments , Second edition , Edited by: Vollenweider , R. A. pp. 22 – 26 . Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications . IBP Handbook No. 12
   Google Scholar
• Talling , J. 1993 . Comparative seasonal changes, and inter-annual variability and stability, in a 26-year record of total phytoplankton biomass in four English lake basins . Hydrobiologia , 268 ( 2 ) : 65 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thas , O. , VanVooren , L. and Ottoy , J. P. 1998 . Non parametric test per-formance for trends in water quality withs ampling design applications . J. Amer.Water Res. Assoc. , 34 : 347 – 357 .
   Google Scholar