Long-term trends in legacy contaminants in aquatic wildlife in the Hamilton Harbour Area of Concern

References

• Antoniadou, V., Konstantinou, I.K., Goutner, V., Sakellarides, T.M., Albanis, T.A., Bintoudi, E., 2007. PCB levels and accumulation patterns in waterbird eggs and in their prey at Lake Kerkini, a north-eastern Mediterranean wetland of international importance. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 53, 249–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop, C.A., Brown, G.P., Brooks, R.J., Lean, D.R.S., Carey, J.H., 1994. Organochlorine contaminant concentrations in eggs and their relationship to body size, and clutch characteristics of the female common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina) in Lake Ontario, Canada. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 27, 82–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop, C.A., Lean, D.R.S., Brooks, R.J., Carey, J.H., Ng, P., 1995. Chlorinated hydrocarbons in early life stages of the common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina) from a coastal wetland on Lake Ontario, Canada. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 14, 421–426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borlakoglu, J.T., Wilkins, J.P.G., Walker, C.H., Dils, R.R., 1990. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish-eating sea birds – III. Molecular features and metabolic interpretations of PCB isomers and congeners in adipose tissues. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Vol 97C (1), 173–177.
   Google Scholar
• Braune, B.M., Donaldson, G.M., Hobson, K.A., 2001. Contaminant residues in seabird eggs from the Canadian Arctic. Part I. Temporal trends 1975–1998. Environ. Pollut. 114, 39–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burniston, D.A., Jia, J., Charlton, M.N., Thiessen, L., McCarry, B.E., Marvin, C.H., 2016. Trends in Hamilton Harbour suspended sediment quality. Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Mgmt. 19(2), 141–149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, T.P., Norstrom, R.J., Fox, G.A., Won, H.T., 1987. Dynamics of organochlorine compounds in Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus): II. A two-compartment model and data for ten compounds. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 6, 547–559.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Solla, S.R., Martin, P.A., 2009. PCB accumulation in osprey exposed to local sources in lake sediment. Environ. Pollut. 157, 347–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Solla, S.R., Fernie, K.J., Letcher, R.J., Chu, S.G., Drouillard, K.G., Shahmiri, S., 2007. Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) as bioindicators in Canadian Areas of Concern in the Great Lakes Basin. I. Spatial distribution of PBDEs, PCBs, and organochlorine pesticides in eggs. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 7252–7259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Solla, S.R., Weseloh, D.V.C., Letcher, R.J., Hebert, C.E., 2010. Reconcilable differences: the use of reference material to reduce methodological artifacts in the reporting of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 29, 19–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Solla, S.R., de Silva, A.O., Letcher, R.J., 2012. Highly elevated levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate and other perfluorinated acids found in biota and surface water downstream of an international airport, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Environ. Intern. 39, 19–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gebauer, M.B., Weseloh, D.V., 1993. Accumulation of organic contaminants in sentinel Mallards utilizing confined disposal facilities at Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario, Canada. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 25, 234–243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gewurtz, S.B., Backus, S.M., Bhavsar, S.P., McGoldrick, D.J., de Solla, S.R., Murphy, E.W., 2011. Contaminant biomonitoring programs in the Great Lakes region: Review of approaches and critical factors. Environ. Rev. 19, 162–184.
   Google Scholar
• Graham, M., Hartman, E., He, C., Droppo, I.G., 2013. Examining thin layer cap behaviour in a freshwater industrial harbour. J. Soils Sediments 13, 1515–1526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, J.D., O'Connor, K.M., 2016. Hamilton Harbour Remedial Action Plan Process: Connecting Science to Management Decisions. Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Mgmt. 19(2), 107–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton Harbour Remedial Action Plan, 1992. Remedial Action Plan for Hamilton Harbour: environmental conditions and problem definition. Second edition of the Stage 1 report. Burlington, Ontario, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton Harbour Remedial Action Plan, 2002. Remedial Action Plan for Hamilton Harbour: Stage 2 update. Burlington, Ontario, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Hebert, C.E., Weseloh, D.V.C., 2006. Adjusting for temporal change in trophic position results in reduced rates of contaminant decline. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 5624–5628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebert, C.E., Glooschenko, V., Haffner, G.D., Lazar, R., 1993. Organic contaminants in Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) populations from southern Ontario, Canada. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 24, 35–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebert, C.E., Shutt, J.L., Norstrom, R.J., 1997. Dietary changes cause temporal fluctuations in polychlorinated biphenyl levels in Herring Gull eggs from Lake Ontario. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 1012–1017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobson, K.A., 2006. Using stable isotopes to quantitatively track endogenous and exogenous nutrient allocations to eggs of birds that travel to breed. Ardea. 94, 359–369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kannan, N., Reusch, T.B.H., Schulz-Bull, D.E., Petrick, G., Duinker, J.C., 1995. Chlorobiphenyls: model compounds for metabolism in food chain organisms and their potential use as ecotoxicological stress indicators by application of the metabolic slope concept. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29, 1851–1859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller, J.M., Kucklick, J.R., Harms, C.A., McClellan-Green, P.D., 2004. Organochlorine contaminants in Sea Turtles: correlations between whole blood and fat. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 23, 726–738.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagler, K.F., 1943. Food habits and economic relations of the Turtles of Michigan with special reference to fish management. Am. Midl. Nat. 29, 257–312.
   Google Scholar
• Milani, D., Grapentine, L.C., 2002. Identification of toxic sites in Hamilton Harbour. Environment Canada, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Aquatic Ecosystem Impacts Research Division. NWRI Contribution No. 06-408.
   Google Scholar
• Nagy, K.A., Girard, I.A., Brown, T.K., 1999. Energetics of free-ranging mammals, reptiles, and birds. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 19, 247–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff, M.R., Stefanoff, S., Bhavsar, S., 2016. Improvements in fish polychlorinated biphenyl and other contaminant levels in response to remedial actions at Hamilton Harbour, Ontario, Canada. Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Mgmt. 19(2), 161–170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norstrom, R.J., Simon, M., 1991. Determination of specific polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzoburans in biological matrices by gel-permeation-carbon chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In: C. Rappe, H.R. Buser, B. Dodet, I.K. O'Neill (Eds.), Environmental Carcinogens. Methods of Analysis and Exposure Measurement. Vol. II. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans, pp. 281–297. World Health Organization, International Association for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
   Google Scholar
• Norstrom, R.J., Clark, T.P., Jeffrey, D.A., Won, H.T., 1986. Dynamics of organochlorine compounds in Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus): I. Distribution and clearance of [14C]DDE in free-living Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5, 41–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norstrom, R.J., Won, H.T., Van Hove Holdrinet, M., Calway, P.G., Naftel, C.D., 1980. Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of mirex and photomirex in the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls: interlaboratory study. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 63, 37–42.
   Google Scholar
• Pakdeesusuk, U., Freedman, D.L., Lee, C.M., Coates, J.T., 2003. Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment from the Twelve Mile Creek arm of Lake Hartwell, South Carolina, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22, 1214–1220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds L.M., Cooper, T., 1975. Analysis of organochlorine residues in fish. Water Qual. Param. ASTM STP 573, 196–205.
   Google Scholar
• Richardson, K.L., Lopez Castro, M., Gardner, S.C., Schlenk, D., 2010. Polychlorinated biphenyls and biotransformation enzymes in three species of Sea Turtles from the Baja California Peninsula of Mexico. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 58, 183–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon, M, Wakeford, B.J., 2000. Multiresidue method for the determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and non-ortho substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in wildlife tissue by HRGC/HRMS. Technical Report Series No. 336E. Canadian Wildlife Service, Headquarters, Hull, Québec, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Sinkkonen, S., Paasivirta, J., 2000. Degradation half-life times of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs for environmental fate modeling. Chemosphere 40, 943–949.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turle, R., Collins, B., 1992. Validation of the use of pooled samples for monitoring of contaminants in wildlife. Chemosphere 25, 463–469.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turle, R., Norstrom, R.J., Collins, B., 1991. Comparison of PCB quantitation methods: re-analysis of archived specimens of Herring Gull eggs from the Great Lakes. Chemosphere 22, 201–213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Brink, N.W., de Ruiter-Dijkman, E.M., Broekhuizen, S., Reijnders, R.J.H., Bosveld, A.T.C., 2000. Polychlorinated biphenyls pattern analysis: potential non-destructive biomarker in vertebrates for exposure to cytochrome P450-inducing organochlorines. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19, 575–581.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weseloh, D.V.C., Pekarik, C., de Solla, S.R., 2006. Spatial patterns and rankings of contaminant concentrations in Herring Gull eggs from 15 sites in the Great Lakes and connecting channels, 1998–2002. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 113, 265–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weseloh, D.V.C., Moore, D.J., Hebert, C.E., de Solla, S.R., Braune, B.M., McGoldrick, D.J., 2011. Current concentrations and spatial and temporal trends in mercury in Great Lakes Herring Gull eggs, 1974–2009. Ecotoxicology 20, 1644–1658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, Y., Yu, Y., Gregory, K.B., VanBriesen, J.M., 2012. Comprehensive assessment of bacterial communities and analysis of PCB congeners in PCB-contaminated sediment with depth. J. Environ. Engineering (United States) 138, 1167–1178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar