Remedies for improving Great Lakes Remedial Action Plans: A Policy Delphi study

References

• ARC (Agreement Review Committee), 2007. Report to the Great Lakes Binational Executive Committee: Volumes 1, 2, and 3.
   Google Scholar
• Armitage, D., Berkes, F., Doubleday, N., 2007. Adaptive Co-Management: Collaboration, Learning, and Multi-Level Governance. UBC Press, Vancouver.
   Google Scholar
• Botts, L., Muldoon, P., 2005. Evolution of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Michigan State University Press, Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• Buck, A.J., Gross, M., Hakim, S., Weinblatt, J., 1993. Using the Delphi process to analyze social policy implementation: A post hoc case from vocational rehabilitation. Policy Sciences 26, 271–288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulkley, J.W., Donahue, M.J., Regier, H.A., 1989. The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreements: how to assess progress toward a goal of ecosystem integrity. In: C.G. Gunnerson (Ed.), Post Audits of Environmental Programs and Projects, pp. 27–42. Proceedings of a session sponsored by the Environmental Impact Analysis Research Council of the American Society of Civil Engineers in conjunction with the ASCE Convention in New Orleans, Louisiana, 11 Oct 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Burton, I., Huq, S., Lim, B., Pilifosova, O., Schipper, E.L., 2002. From impacts assessment to adaptation priorities: the shaping of adaptation policies. Climate Policy 2, 145–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell, L.K., 1988. Implementing an ecological systems approach to basin-wide management. In: L K. Caldwell (Ed.), Perspectives on Ecosystem Management for the Great Lakes: A Reader, pp. 1–29. State University of New York Press, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Carlsson, L., Berkes, F., 2005. Co-management: concepts and methodological implications. Journal of Environmental Management 75, 65–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colborn, T.E., Davidson, A., Green, S.N., Hodge, R.A., Jackson, C.I., Liroff, R.A., 1990. Great Lakes, Great Legacy? The Conservation Foundation and the Institute for Research on Public Policy, Halifax, N.S.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, J., Hanlon, A., More, S.J., Wall, P.G., Duggan, V., 2009. Policy Delphi with vignette methodology as a tool to evaluate the perception of equine welfare. The Veterinary Journal 181, 63–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtin, C.G., Parker, J.P., 2014. Foundations of resilience thinking. Conservation Biology 28, 912–923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalkey, N., Helmer, O., 1963. An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science 9, 458–467.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Loë, R., 1995. Exploring complex policy questions using the policy Delphi. Applied Geography 15, 53–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, K.K., Hart, J.K., 2007. Idea generation and exploration: benefits and limitations of the policy Delphi method. Innovation in Higher Education 31, 237–246.
   Google Scholar
• Gabb, J., Balen, R., Gibbs, G., Hall, C., Teal, A., 2006. Victoria Climbié inquiry data corpus project: using the Delphi method in multidisciplinary child protection research. British Journal of Social Work 36, 577–596.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GAO (United States General Accounting Office), 2003. Great Lakes: an overall strategy and indicators for measuring progress are needed to better achieve restoration goals. Report GAO-03-515.
   Google Scholar
• GAO (United States General Accounting Office), 2009. EPA needs a cohesive plan to clean up the Great Lakes Areas of Concern. Report 09-P-0231.
   Google Scholar
• Gerlak, A.K., 2014. Policy interactions in human–landscape systems. Environmental Management 53, 67–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurtner-Zimmerman, A., 1995. A mid-term review of Remedial Action Plans: difficulties with translating comprehensive planning into comprehensive action. Journal of Great Lakes Research 21, 234–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartig, J.H., Law, N., 1994. Institutional frameworks to direct development and implementation of Great Lakes Remedial Action Plans. Environmental Management 18, 855–864.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartig, J.H., Thomas, R.L., 1988. Development of plans to restore degraded areas in the Great Lakes. Environmental Management 12, 327–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartig, J.H., Vallentyne, J.R., 1989. Use of an ecosystem approach to restore degraded areas of the Great Lakes. Ambio 18, 423–428.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartig, J.H., Zarull, M.A., 1992a. A Great Lakes mission. In: J.H. Hartig, M.A. Zarull (Eds.), Under RAPs: Toward Grassroots Ecological Democracy in the Great Lakes Basin, pp. 5–35. University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hartig, J.H., Zarull, M.A., 1992b. Keystones for success. In: J.H. Hartig, M.A. Zarull (Eds.), Under RAPs: Toward Grassroots Ecological Democracy in the Great Lakes Basin, pp. 263–279. University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hartig, J.H., Lovett-Doust, L., Zarull, M.A., Leppard, S., New, L.A., Skavroneck, S., Eder, T., Coape-Arnold, T., Daniel, G., 1991. Overcoming obstacles in Great Lakes remedial actions plans. International Environmental Affairs 3, 91–107.
   Google Scholar
• Hartig, J.H., Law, N.L., Epstein, D., Fuller, K., Letterhos, J., Krantzberg, G., 1995. Capacity-building for restoring degraded areas in the Great Lakes. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 2, 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartig, J.H., Zarull, M.A., Reynoldson, T.B., Mikol, G., Harris, V.A., Randall, R.G., Cairns, V.W., 1997. Quantifying targets for rehabilitating degraded areas of the Great Lakes. Environmental Management 21, 713–723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartig, J.H., Zarull, M.A., Law, N.L., 1998. An ecosystem approach to Great Lakes management: practical steps. Journal of Great Lakes Research 24, 739–750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooghe, L., Marks, G., 2003. Unraveling the central state, but how? Types of multi-level governance. American Political Science Review 97, 233–243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IJC (International Joint Commission), Second Biennial Report. 1984.
   Google Scholar
• IJC (International Joint Commission), 2003. Status of restoration activities in Great Lakes areas of concern: a special report.
   Google Scholar
• IJC (International Joint Commission), 2006a. Advice to Governments on their Review of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement: A Special Report to the Governments of Canada and the United States.
   Google Scholar
• IJC (International Joint Commission), 2006b. Priorities 2003-2005: Priorities and Progress under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.
   Google Scholar
• IJC (International Joint Commission), 2006c. Thirteenth Biennial Report.
   Google Scholar
• IJC (International Joint Commission), 2009. Work group report on nearshore framework.
   Google Scholar
• Kalafatis, S.E., Campbell, M., Fathers, F., Laurent, K.L., Friedman, K.B., Krantzberg, G., Scavia, D., Creed, I.F., 2015. Out of control: how we failed to adapt and suffered the consequences. Journal of Great Lakes Research 41(S1), 20–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellogg, W.A., 1998. Adopting an ecosystem approach: local variability in Remedial Action Planning. Society & Natural Resources 11, 465–483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krantzberg, G., 1998. After more than ten years of effort, are Remedial Action Plans making a difference? Journal of Great Lakes Research 24, 485–486.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krantzberg, G., 2002. Restoring active participation. Journal of Great Lakes Research 28,491–492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krantzberg, G., 2003. Keeping remedial action plans on target: lessons learned from Collingwood Harbour. Journal of Great Lakes Research 29, 641–651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krantzberg, G., 2012. The Remedial Action Plan program, historical and contemporary overview. In: Grover, I., Krantzberg, G., (Eds.), Great Lakes: Lessons in Participatory Governance, pp. 245–256. CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Krantzberg, G., Houghton, E., 1996. The Remedial Action Plan that led to the cleanup and delisting of Collingwood Harbour as an Area of Concern. Journal of Great Lakes Research 22, 469–483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landre, B.K., Knuth, B.A., 1993. The role of agency goals and local context in Great Lakes water resources public involvement programs. Environmental Management 17, 153–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, B.J., Regier, H.A., Rapport, D.J., 1982. Ten ecosystem approaches to the planning and management of the Great Lakes. Journal of Great Lakes Research 8, 505–519.
   Google Scholar
• Linstone, H.A., Turoff, M., (Eds.)., 1975. The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. Addison-Wesley Publishing, Boston, MA.
   Google Scholar
• Lubell, M., Sabatier, P.A., Vedlitz, A., Focht, W., Trachtenberg, Z., Matlock, M., 2005. Conclusions and recommendations. In: P.A. Sabatier, W. Focht, M. Lubell, Z. Trachtenberg, A. Vedlitz, M. Matlock (Eds.), Swimming Upstream: Collaborative Approaches to Watershed Management, pp. 261–296. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
   Google Scholar
• MacKenzie, S.H., 1993. Ecosystem management in the Great Lakes: some observations from three RAP sites. Journal of Great Lakes Research 19, 136–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKenzie, S.H., 1997. Toward integrated resource management: lessons about the ecosystem approach from the Laurentian Great Lakes. Environmental Management 21, 173–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manno, J., Krantzberg, G., 2008. Rediscovering and revitalizing the Great Lakes governance. In: K. Bosselmann, R. Engel, P. Taylor (Eds.), Governance for Sustainability Issues, Challenges, Successes, pp. 159–170. IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Paper No. 70.
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, C., 2011. On the Evolution of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement: From Pathological Management to Adaptive Governance? Sketches of Learning From Experience. PhD Dissertation, McMaster University. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, C., 2012. Innovations in decision making. In: I. Grover, G. Krantzberg (Eds.), Great Lakes: Lessons in Participatory Governance, pp. 67–104. CRC Press, FL.
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, C., Krantzberg, G., 2011. An appraisal of policy implementation deficits in the Great Lakes. Journal of Great Lakes Research 37, 390–396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, C., Krantzberg, G., 2012. An appraisal of management pathologies in the Great Lakes. Science of the Total Environment 416, 40–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, A., 1985. Ideology and environmental risk management. The Environmentalist 5, 21–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, A., 1999. Environmental Problem Solving: Psychosocial Barriers to Adaptive Change. Springer, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Moore, M.-L., von der Porten, S., Plummer, R., Brandes, O., Baird, J., 2014. Water policy reform and innovation: a systematic review. Environmental Science & Policy 38, 263–271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muldoon, P., 2012. Governance in the Great Lakes: a regime in transition. In: I. Grover, G. Krantzberg (Eds.), Great Lakes: Lessons in Participatory Governance, pp. 44–66. CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Munton, D., 1988. Toward a more accountable process: the Royal Society-National Research Council Report. In: I. Grover, G. Krantzberg (Eds.), Perspectives on Ecosystem Management for the Great Lakes: A Reader, pp. 299–317. State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Needham, R.D., de Loë, R.C., 1990. The Policy Delphi: purpose, structure, and application. The Canadian Geographer 34, 133–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NRC-RSC (National Research Council of the United States and The Royal Society of Canada). 1985. The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement: An Evolving Instrument For Ecosystem Management. National Academy Press, Washington.
   Google Scholar
• OAG (Office of the Auditor General of Canada)., 2001. A legacy worth protecting: charting a sustainable course in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basin; Chapter 1 of the Report of the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development. Public Works and Government Services Canada, Ottawa, ON.
   Google Scholar
• OAG (Office of the Auditor General of Canada)., 2008. Areas of Concern in the Great Lakes Basin; Chapter 7 of the Status Report of the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development. Public Works and Government Services Canada, Ottawa, ON.
   Google Scholar
• OPAC (Ontario Public Advisory Council). 2006. Great Lakes Hotspots: Ontario Citizens Speak Up: Highlights. Ontario Public Advisory Council.
   Google Scholar
• Plummer, R., Armitage, D.R., 2007a. A resilience-based framework for evaluating adaptive co-management: linking ecology, economics and society in a complex world. Ecological Economics 61, 62–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plummer, R., Armitage, D.R., 2007b. Charting the new territory of adaptive co-management: a Delphi study. Ecology and Society 12(2), art10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regier, H.A., Jones, M.L., Addis, J., Donahue, M., 1999. Great Lakes–St. Lawrence River basin assessments. In: K.N. Johnson, F.J. Swanson, M. Herring, S. Greene, (Eds.), Bioregional Assessments: Science at the Crossroads of Management and Policy, pp. 133–165. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
   Google Scholar
• Richards, L., 2009. Handling Qualitative Data: A Practical Guide. Second edition. Sage Publications, California.
   Google Scholar
• Sabatier, P.A., Focht, W., Lubell, M., Trachtenberg, Z., Vedlitz, A., Matlock, M., (Eds). 2005. Swimming Upstream: Collaborative Approaches to Watershed Management. MIT Press, MA.
   Google Scholar
• Saldaña, J., 2009. The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. Sage Publications, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Susskind, L., 2013. Water and democracy: new roles for civil society in water governance. International Journal of Water Resources Development 29, 666–677.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taljaard, S., Slinger, J.H., van der Merwe, J., 2013. Dual adaptive cycles in implementing integrated coastal management. Ocean & Coastal Management 84, 23–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turoff, M., 1970. The design of a policy Delphi. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2,149–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turoff, M., 1975. The policy Delphi. In: H.A. Linstone, M. Turoff (Eds.), The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications, pp. 84–100. Addison-Wesley, Boston, MA.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Great Lakes Interagency Task Force, 2017. Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Report to Congress and the President.
   Google Scholar
• Vallentyne, J.R., Beeton, A.M., 1988. The ecosystem approach to managing human uses and abuses of natural resources in the Great Lakes basin. Environmental Conservation 15, 58–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westley, F., 1995. Governing design: the management of social systems and ecosystems management. In: L.H. Gunderson, C.S. Holling, S.S. Light (Eds.), Barriers and Bridges to the Renewal of Regional Ecosystems, pp. 391–427. Columbia University Press, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Westley, F., 2002. The devil is in the dynamics: adaptive management on the front lines. In: L.H. Gunderson, C.S. Holling (Eds.), Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems, pp. 333–360. Island Press, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Witting, A., 2017. Insights from ‘policy learning’ on how to enhance the use of evidence by policymakers. Palgrave Communications 3, art49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar