46
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Stereo-assisted landmark detection for the analysis of changes in 3-D facial shape

&
Pages 137-155 | Received 01 May 2004, Published online: 12 Jul 2009

References

  • HUTTON, T. J., BUXTON, B. F., HAMMOND, P. and POTTS, H. W. W., 2003, Estimating average growth trajectories in shape-space using kernel smoothing. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 6, 747 – 753, 22.
  • MCCANCE, A. M., MOSS, J. P., FRIGHT, W. R., LINNEY, A. D. and JAMES, D. R., 1997, Three-dimensional analysis techniques: 2. Laser scanning: A quantitative 3-D soft-tissue analysis using a colour-coding system. Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Journal, 1, 46 – 51, 34.
  • GRUEN, A. andBALTSAVIAS, E., 1988, Automatic 3-D measurement of human faces with CCD-cameras. Proceedings of Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers, volume 1030, Biostereometrics ’88, pp. 106– 116.
  • DEACON, A. T., ANTHONY, A. G., BHATIA, S. M. and MULLER, J. P., 1991, Evaluation of a CCDbased facial measurement system. Medical Informatics, 2, 213 – 228, 16.
  • BOWSKILL, J., BALDOCK, C. and BOOTH, P.W., 1997, Measuring facial swelling using three-dimensional imaging. Medical Informatics, 2, 55 – 164, 22.
  • KEEFE, M. and RILEY, D. R., 1986, Capturing facial surface information. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 9, 1539 – 1548, 52.
  • LINNEY, A. D., CAMPOS, J. and RICHARDS, R., 1987, Non-contact anthropometry using projected laser line distortion: Three-dimensional graphic visualisation and applications. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2, 137 – 155, 28.
  • FROBIN, W. and HIERHOLZER, E., 1991, Video rasterstereography – a method for online measurement of body surfaces. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 10, 1341 – 1345, 57.
  • NAFTEL, A. and HENTZSCHEL, T., 1995, Assessment of changes in the facial surface using a 3-D stereo imaging system. Proceedings of International Workshop on Stereoscopic and Three Dimensional Imaging, Santorini, Greece. pp. 261– 269.
  • AYOUB, A. F., SIEBERT, P., MOOS, P. F., WRAY, D., URQUHART, C. and NIBLETT, T. B., 1998, A vision-based three-dimensional capture system for maxillofacial assessment and surgical planning. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 5, 353 – 357, 36.
  • MAO, Z., SIEBERT, P. and AYOUB, A. F., 2000, Development of 3D measuring techniques for the analysis of facial soft tissue change. Proceedings of Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2000, Pittsburgh, PA. 11 – 14 October 2000, pp. 1051 – 1060.
  • SCHARSTEIN, D. and SZELISKI, R., 2002, A taxonomy and evaluation of dense two-frame stereo correspondence algorithms. International Journal of Computer Vision, 1, 7 – 42, 47.
  • MOSS, J. P., MCCANCE, A. M., FRIGHT, W., LINNEY, A. D. and JAMES, D. R., 1994, A 3-dimensional soft-tissue analysis of 15 patients with class-II, division-1 malocclusions after bimaxillary surgery. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthoptics, 5, 430 – 437, 105.
  • HUTTON, T. J., BUXTON, B. F. andHAMMOND, P., 2001, Dense surface point distribution models of the human face. Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis, Kauai, Hawaii. pp. 153– 160.
  • BOOKSTEIN, F. L., 1997, Shape and the information in medical images: A decade of the morphometric synthesis. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 2, 99 – 118, 66.
  • DRYDEN, I.L. and MARDIA, K. V., 1998, Statistical Shape Analysis (Chichester, UK: JohnWiley & Sons).
  • CUTTING, C., DEAN, D., BOOKSTEIN, F. L., HADDAD, B., KHORRAMABADI, D. and ZONNEVELD, F. W., 1995, A three-dimensional smooth surface analysis of untreated Crouzon’s syndrome in the adult. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 6, 444– 453.
  • NAFTEL, A. andMAO, Z., 2002, Recovering 3-D face models using a hybrid structured-light stereo matcher. Proceedings of 2nd IASTED International Conference on Visualization, Imaging & Image Processing, Malaga, Spain. 9 – 12 September 2002 (Calgary: Acta Press), pp. 590 – 595.
  • TSAI, R. Y., 1987, A versatile camera calibration technique for high-accuracy 3D machine vision metrology using off-the-shelf TV cameras and lenses. IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, 4, 323 – 344, 3.
  • ARUN, K. S., HUANG, T. S. and BLOSTEIN, S. D., 1987, Least-squares fitting of two 3-D point sets. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 9, 698– 700.
  • COOTES, T. F., HILL, A., TAYLOR, C. J. andHASLAM, J., 1994, The use of active shape models for locating structures in medical images. Image and Vision Computing, 6, 355 – 366, 12.
  • KASS, M., WITKIN, A. and TERZOPOULOS, D., 1988, Snakes: active contour models. International Journal of Computer Vision, 1, 321 – 331, 1.
  • ROHLF, F. J. and SLICE, D., 1990, Extensions of the Procrustes method for the optimal superimposition of landmarks. Systematic Zoology, 1, 40 – 59, 39.
  • COOTES, T. F., TAYLOR, C. J., COOPER, D. H. andGRAHAM, J., 1995, Active shape models – their training and application. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 1, 38 – 59, 61.
  • BRUNELLI, R. and POGGIO, T., 1992, Face recognition: features versus templates. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 10, 1042 – 1052, 15.
  • GONZALEZ, R. C. andWOODS, D., 1992, Digital image processing (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley).
  • MAO, Z. and NAFTEL, A. J. 1997, Improved area-based stereo matching using an image segmentation approach for 3-D analysis of facial soft tissue changes. Proceedings of Medical Image Understanding and Analysis, MIUA97, Oxford, UK. pp. 209 – 212.
  • BOOKSTEIN, F. L., 1989, Principal warps: thin-plate splines and the decomposition of deformations. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 6, 567 – 585, 11.
  • BESL, P. J. and MCKAY, N. D., 1992, A method for registration of 3-D shapes. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2, 239 – 256, 14.
  • KENDALL, D. G., 1984, Shape manifolds, Procrustean metrics and complex projective spaces. Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society, 16, 81– 121.
  • DAVISON, A. C. and HINKLEY, D. V., 1997, Bootstrap methods and their application (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • BOOKSTEIN, F. L., 1984, Tensor biometrics for changes in cranial shape. Annals of Human Biology, 11, 413– 437.
  • RICHTSMEIER, J. T. and CHEVERUD, J. M., 1986, Finite element scaling analysis of human craniofacial growth. Journal of Craniofacial Genetics and Developmental Biology, 6, 289– 323.
  • SINGH, G. D., MCNAMARA, J. A. and LOZANOFF, S., 1998, Procrustes, Euclidean and cephalometric analyses of the morphology of the mandible in human class III malocclusions. Archives of Oral Biology, 43, 535– 543.
  • SINGH, G. D., MCNAMARA, J. A. and LOZANOFF, S., 1999, Finite-element morphometry of soft tissue morphology in subjects with untreated class III malocclusions. Angle Orthodontist, 3, 215 – 224, 69.
  • SINGH, G. D.,MCNAMARA, J. A. and LOZANOFF, S., 1997, Thin-plate spline analysis of the cranial base in subjects with Class III malocclusion. European Journal of Orthodontics, 4, 341 – 353, 19.
  • SINGH, G. D., MCNAMARA, J. A. and LOZANOFF, S., 1999, Finite-element morphometry of soft tissues in prepubertal Korean and European-Americans with Class III malocclusions. Archives of Oral Biology, 5, 429 – 436, 44.
  • YAMADA, T., SUGAHARA, T., MORI, Y., MINAMI, K. and SAKUDA, M., 1999, Development of a 3- D measurement and evaluation system for facial forms with a liquid crystal range finder. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 58, 159– 173.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.