Publication Cover
Human Fertility
an international, multidisciplinary journal dedicated to furthering research and promoting good practice
Volume 26, 2023 - Issue 1
90
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

‘I just think it’s weird’: the nature of ethical and substantive non-ethical concerns about infertility treatments among Black and White women in U.S. graduate programmes

ORCID Icon &
Pages 84-96 | Received 18 Jun 2021, Accepted 16 Mar 2022, Published online: 28 Oct 2022

References

  • Adashi, E. Y., & Dean, L. A. (2016). Access to and use of infertility services in the United States: Framing the challenges. Fertility and Sterility, 105(5), 1113–1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.01.017
  • Ahmadi, A., & Bamdad, S. (2017). Assisted reproductive technologies and the Iranian community attitude towards infertility. Human Fertility, 20(3), 204–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/14647273.2017.1285057
  • Andersen, R., & Newman, J. F. (1973). Societal and individual determinants of medical care utilization in the United States. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. Health and Society, 51(1), 95–124. https://doi.org/10.2307/3349613
  • Armstrong, A., & Plowden, T. C. (2012). Ethnicity and assisted reproductive technologies. Clinical Practice, 9(6), 651–658. https://doi.org/10.2217/cpr.12.65
  • Bauer, G. R. (2014). Incorporating intersectionality theory into population health research methodology: Challenges and the potential to advance health equity. Social Science & Medicine, 110, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.022
  • Bell, A. V. (2009). It’s way out of my league. Low-income women’s experiences of medicalized infertility. Gender and Society, 23(5), 688–709. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243209343708
  • Bell, A. V. (2014). Misconception: Social class and infertility in America. Rutgers University Press.
  • Blumer, H. (1954). What is wrong with social theory? American Sociological Review, 19(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.2307/2088165
  • Bowen, G. A. (2006). Grounded theory and sensitizing concepts. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(3), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690600500304
  • Brown, T. H., Richardson, L. J., Hargrove, T. W., & Thomas, C. S. (2016). Using multiple-hierarchy stratification approaches to understand health inequalities: The intersecting consequences of race, gender, SES and age. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 57(2), 200–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146516645165
  • Byrd, W. M., & Clayton, L. A. (2001). Race, medicine, and health care in the United States: A historical survey. Journal of the National Medical Association, 93(3), 11S–34S.
  • Campbell, A. V. (2002). Reproductive medicine: The ethical issues in the twenty-first century. Human Fertility, 5(1), S33–S36. https://doi.org/10.1080/1464727022000199891
  • Ceballo, R., Graham, E. T., & Hart, J. (2015). Silent and Infertile: An intersectional analysis of the experiences of socioeconomically diverse African American women with infertility. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 39(4), 497–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684315581169
  • Cebert, M., Gonzalez-Guarda, R., & Stevenson, E. (2021). Growing on (in)fertile ground: An evolutionary concept analysis of Black female fertility. Human Fertility, 24(3), 152–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/14647273.2019.1601269
  • Chamsi-Pasha, H., & Albar, M. A. (2015). Assisted reproductive technology: Islamic Sunni perspective. Human Fertility, 18(2), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.3109/14647273.2014.997810
  • Chandra, A., Copen, C. E., & Stephen, E. H. (2014). Infertility service use in the United States: Data from the National Survey of Family Growth, 1982-2010. National Health Statistics Reports, 73, 1–21.
  • Chang, W. Y., & DeCherney, A. H. (2003). History of regulation of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in the USA: A work in progress. Human Fertility, 6(2), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/1464770312331369063
  • Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. SAGE.
  • Chin, H. B., Howards, P. P., Kramer, M. R., Mertens, A. C., & Spencer, J. B. (2015). Racial Disparities in seeking care for help getting pregnant: Racial disparities in infertility care. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 29(5), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12210
  • Collett, J. L., & Childs, E. (2011). Minding the gap: Meaning, affect, and the potential shortcomings of vignettes. Social Science Research, 40(2), 513–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.08.008
  • Collins, P. H. (2000). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. Routledge.
  • Collins, S. C., & Chan, E. (2017). Sociocultural determinants of US women’s ethical views on various fertility treatments. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 35(6), 669–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.08.015
  • Culley, L. A., Hudson, N., & Rooij, F. (Eds.). (2009). Marginalized reproduction: Ethnicity, infertility, and reproductive technologies. Earthscan.
  • Dayal, M. B. (2013). The impact of sociocultural and economic factors in seeking fertility services. In F. I. Sharara (Ed.), Ethnic differences in fertility and assisted reproduction (pp. 27–38). Springer.
  • de Lacey, S., Davies, M., Homan, G., Briggs, N., & Norman, R. J. (2007). Factors and perceptions that influence women’s decisions to have a single embryo transferred. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 15(5), 526–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1472-6483(10)60384-7
  • Deonandan, R., Green, S., & van Beinum, A. (2012). Ethical concerns for maternal surrogacy and reproductive tourism. Journal of Medical Ethics, 38(12), 742–745. https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2012-100551
  • Finch, J. (1987). The vignette technique in survey research. Sociology, 21(1), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038587021001008
  • Fujimoto, V. Y., Luke, B., Brown, M. B., Jain, T., Armstrong, A., Grainger, D. A., & Hornstein, M. D. (2010). Racial and ethnic disparities in assisted reproductive technology outcomes in the United States. Fertility and Sterility, 93(2), 382–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.10.061
  • Giwa-Osagie, O. F. (2002). Social and ethical aspects of assisted conception in anglophone sub-Saharan Africa. In E. Vayena, P. J. Rowe, & P. D. Griffin (Eds.), Current practices and controversies in assisted reproduction: Report of a meeting on “Medical, Ethical and Social Aspects of Assisted Reproduction” held at WHO Headquarters in Geneva., 1721 September 2001 (pp. 50–54). World Health Organization.
  • Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldeine Publishing Company.
  • Greil, A. L., McQuillan, J., Shreffler, K. M., Johnson, K. M., & Slauson-Blevins, K. S. (2011). Race-ethnicity and medical services for infertility: Stratified reproduction in a population-based sample of U.S. women. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(4), 493–509. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146511418236
  • Greil, A. L., McQuillan, J., & Slauson-Blevins, K. (2011). The social construction of infertility. Sociology Compass, 5(8), 736–746. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2011.00397.x
  • Gubrium, J. F., Holstein, J. A., Marvasti, A. B., & McKinney, K. D. (2012). The SAGE handbook of interview research: The complexity of the craft. SAGE.
  • Harari, L., & Lee, C. (2021). Intersectionality in quantitative health disparities research: A systematic review of challenges and limitations in empirical studies. Social Science & Medicine, 277, 113876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113876
  • Herrera, F., Teitelboim, B., & Zegers-Hochschild, F. (2015). Typologies and arguments about the use of assisted reproductive technologies among people living in Santiago, Chile. Revista Medica de Chile, 143(12), 1527–1532. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872015001200004
  • Hughes, R. (1998). Considering the vignette technique and its application to a study of drug injecting and HIV risk and safer behaviour. Sociology of Health & Illness, 20(3), 381–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.00107
  • Janitz, A., Peck, J. D., & Craig, L. B. (2016). Ethnic and racial differences in the utilization of infertility services: National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Fertility and Sterility, 106(3), e112–e113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.337
  • Jenkins, N., Bloor, M., Fischer, J., Berney, L., & Neale, J. (2010). Putting it in context: The use of vignettes in qualitative interviewing. Qualitative Research, 10(2), 175–198. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794109356737
  • Johnson, K. M. (2017). The price of an egg: Oocyte donor compensation in the US fertility industry. New Genetics and Society, 36(4), 354–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2017.1389262
  • Johnson-Hanks, J. A., Bachrach, C. A., Morgan, S. P., & Kohler, H.-P. (2011). A conjunctural history of assisted reproduction and adoption. In J. A. Johnson-Hanks, C. A. Bachrach, S. P. Morgan, & H.-P. Kohler (Eds.), Understanding family change and variation: Toward a theory of conjunctural action (pp. 111–136). Springer.
  • Kessler, L. M., Craig, B. M., Plosker, S. M., Reed, D. R., & Quinn, G. P. (2013). Infertility evaluation and treatment among women in the United States. Fertility and Sterility, 100(4), 1025–1032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.05.040
  • Khalili, M. A., Isikoglu, M., Tabibnejad, N., Ahmadi, M., Abed, F., Parsanejad, M. E., Ghasemi, M., & Jamal, H. E. (2008). IVF staff attitudes towards oocyte donation: A multi-centric study from Iran and Turkey. Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 17, 61–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1472-6483(10)60333-1
  • King, L., Tulandi, T., Whitley, R., Constantinescu, T., Ells, C., & Zelkowitz, P. (2014). What’s the message? A content analysis of newspaper articles about assisted reproductive technology from 2005 to 2011. Human Fertility, 17(2), 124–132. https://doi.org/10.3109/14647273.2014.895427
  • Kirby, J. (2014). Transnational gestational surrogacy: Does it have to be exploitative? The American Journal of Bioethics, 14(5), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2014.892169
  • Klein, J. U., & Sauer, M. V. (2010). Ethics in egg donation: Past, present, and future. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine, 28(4), 322–328. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1255180
  • Kovacs, G. T., Morgan, G., Wood, E. C., Forbes, C., & Howlett, D. (2003). Community attitudes to assisted reproductive technology: A 20-year trend. The Medical Journal of Australia, 179(10), 536–538. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05680.x
  • Lozanski, K. (2015). Transnational surrogacy: Canada’s contradictions. Social Science & Medicine, 124, 383–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.003
  • McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 415–444. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415
  • McWhinnie, A. (2000). Families from assisted conception: Ethical and psychological issues. Human Fertility, 3(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1464727002000198631
  • Missmer, S. A., Seifer, D. B., & Jain, T. (2011). Cultural factors contributing to health care disparities among patients with infertility in Midwestern United States. Fertility and Sterility, 95(6), 1943–1949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.02.039
  • National Center for Education Statistics. (2021). Graduate degree fields. U.S. Department of Education. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/ctb
  • Peddie, V. L., & Teijlingen, E. V. (2005). Qualitative research in fertility and reproduction: Does it have any value? Human Fertility, 8(4), 263–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/14647270500194971
  • Perkins, K. M., Boulet, S. L., Jamieson, D. J., & Kissin, D. M. (2016). Trends and outcomes of gestational surrogacy in the United States. Fertility and Sterility, 106(2), 435–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.03.050
  • Präg, P., & Mills, M. C. (2017). Assisted reproductive technology in europe: Usage and regulation in the context of cross-border reproductive care. In M. Kreyenfeld & D. Konietzka (Eds.), Childlessness in Europe: Contexts, causes, and consequences. Springer International Publishing.
  • Purewal, S., & van den Akker, O. (2009). Attitudes and intentions towards volunteer oocyte donation. Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 19(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1472-6483(10)60059-4
  • Roberts, D. E. (1997). Killing the black body: Race, reproduction, and the meaning of liberty. Vintage.
  • Rousseau, N. (2009). Black women’s burden: Commodifying Black reproduction. Palgrove.
  • Sandelowski, M., & Lacey, S. (2002). The use of a “disease:” Infertility as a rhetorical vehicle (M. C. Inhorn & F. Balen, Eds.). University of California Press.
  • Shetty, P. (2012). India’s unregulated surrogacy industry. The Lancet, 380(9854), 1633–1634. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61933-3
  • Shirazi, T. N., & Rosinger, A. Y. (2021). Reproductive health disparities in the USA: Self-reported race/ethnicity predicts age of menarche and live birth ratios, but not infertility. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 8(1), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00752-4
  • Shreffler, K. M., Johnson, D. R., & Scheuble, L. K. (2010). Ethical problems with infertility treatments: Attitudes and explanations. The Social Science Journal, 47(4), 731–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2010.07.012
  • Simoni, M. K., Mu, L., & Collins, S. C. (2017). Women’s career priority is associated with attitudes towards family planning and ethical acceptance of reproductive technologies. Human Reproduction, 32(10), 2069–2075. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dex275
  • Sperling, D., & Simon, Y. (2010). Attitudes and policies regarding access to fertility care and assisted reproductive technologies in Israel. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 21(7), 854–861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.08.013
  • Stoop, D., Nekkebroeck, J., & Devroey, P. (2011). A survey on the intentions and attitudes towards oocyte cryopreservation for non-medical reasons among women of reproductive age. Human Reproduction, 26(3), 655–661. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deq367
  • Straehl, J., Lara, L., Sá, M., Reis, R. M., & Rosa-E-Silva, A. (2017). What do infertile women think about oocyte reception, oocyte donation, and child adoption? Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, 39(6), 282–287. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603742
  • Svanberg, A. S., Lampic, C., Bergh, T., & Lundkvist, Ö. (2003). Public opinion regarding oocyte donation in Sweden. Human Reproduction, 18(5), 1107–1114. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deg222
  • Tierney, K., & Cai, Y. (2019). Assisted reproductive technology use in the United States: A population assessment. Fertility and Sterility, 112(6), 1136–1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.1323
  • van Niekerk, A., & van Zyl, L. (1995). The ethics of surrogacy: Women’s reproductive labour. Journal of Medical Ethics, 21(6), 345–349. https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.21.6.345
  • Vansenne, F., Goddijn, M., Redeker, B., Snijder, S., Gerssen-Schoorl, K., Lemmink, H., Leschot, N. J., van der Veen, F., Bossuyt, P. M. M., & de Borgie, C. A. J. M. (2011). Knowledge and perceived risks in couples undergoing genetic testing after recurrent miscarriage or for poor semen quality. Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 23(4), 525–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.07.002
  • Washington, H. A. (2006). Medical apartheid: The dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present. Doubleday.
  • White, L., McQuillan, J., & Greil, A. L. (2006). Explaining disparities in treatment seeking: The case of infertility. Fertility and Sterility, 85(4), 853–857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.11.039
  • Wilson, J., & While, A. E. (1998). Methodological issues surrounding the use of vignettes in qualitative research. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 12(1), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.3109/13561829809014090

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.