The co-transplantation of human bone marrow stromal cells and embryo olfactory ensheathing cells as a new approach to treat spinal cord injury in a rat model

References

• Verma P, Fawcett J. Spinal cord regeneration. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 2005; 94: 43–66
   Google Scholar
• Amador MJ, Guest JD. An appraisal of ongoing experimental procedures in human spinal cord injury. J Neurol Phys Ther 2005; 29: 70–86
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwab JM, Brechtel K, Mueller CA, et al. Experimental strategies to promote spinal cord regeneration: an integrative perspective. Prog Neurobiol 2006; 78: 91–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez E, Mannino S, Tufo T, et al. The adult ‘paraplegic’ rat: treatment with cell graftings. Surg Neurol 2006; 65: 223–37
   Google Scholar
• Ramon-Cueto A, Plant GW, Avila J, Bunge MB. Long-distance axonal regeneration in the transected adult rat spinal cord is promoted by olfactory ensheathing glia transplants. J Neurosci 1998; 18: 3803–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okano H, Okada S, Nakamura M, Toyama Y. Neural stem cells and regeneration of injured spinal cord. Kidney Int 2005; 68: 1927–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reier PJ. Cellular transplantation strategies for spinal cord injury and translational neurobiology. Neuro Rx 2004; 1: 424–51
   Google Scholar
• Newman MB, Emerich DF, Borlongan CV, et al. Use of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) cells to repair the damaged brain. Curr Neurovasc Res 2004; 1: 269–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romano G. Stem cell transplantation therapy: controversy over ethical issues and clinical relevance. Drug News Perspect 2004; 17: 637–45
   Google Scholar
• McDonald JW, Liu XZ, Qu Y, et al. Transplanted embryonic stem cells survive, differentiate and promote recovery in injured rat spinal cord. Nat Med 1999; 5: 1410–2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstetter CP, Schwarz EJ, Hess D, et al. Marrow stromal cells form guiding strands in the injured spinal cord and promote recovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99: 2199–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ankeny DP, McTigue DM, Jakeman LB. Bone marrow transplants provide tissue protection and directional guidance for axons after contusive spinal cord injury in rats. Exp Neurol 2004; 190: 17–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nandoe RD, Hurtado A, Levi AD, et al. Bone marrow stromal cells for repair of the spinal cord: towards clinical application. Cell Transplant 2006; 15: 563–77
   Google Scholar
• Lu P, Blesch A, Tuszynski MH. Induction of bone marrow stromal cells to neurons: differentiation, transdifferentiation, or artifact?. J Neurosci Res 2004; 77: 174–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohta M, Suzuki Y, Noda T, et al. Bone marrow stromal cells infused into the cerebrospinal fluid promote functional recovery of the injured rat spinal cord with reduced cavity formation. Exp Neurol 2004; 187: 266–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee J, Kuroda S, Shichinohe H, et al. Migration and differentiation of nuclear fluorescence-labeled bone marrow stromal cells after transplantation into cerebral infarct and spinal cord injury in mice. Neuropathology 2003; 23: 169–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prockop DJ. Marrow stromal cells as stem cells for nonhematopoietic tissues. Science 1997; 276: 71–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng YB, Liu XG, Liu ZG, et al. Implantation of BM mesenchymal stem cells into injured spinal cord elicits de novo neurogenesis and functional recovery: evidence from a study in rhesus monkeys. Cytotherapy 2006; 8: 210–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortiz-Gonzalez XR, Keene CD, Verfaillie CM, Low WC. Neural induction of adult bone marrow and umbilical cord stem cells. Curr Neurovasc Res 2004; 1: 207–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodbury D, Schwarz EJ, Prockop DJ, Black IB. Adult rat and human bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into neurons. J Neurosci Res 2000; 61: 364–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu P, Jones LL, Tuszynski MH. BDNF-expressing marrow stromal cells support extensive axonal growth at sites of spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2005; 191: 344–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuhuber B, Gallo G, Howard L, et al. Reevaluation of in vitro differentiation protocols for bone marrow stromal cells: disruption of actin cytoskeleton induces rapid morphological changes and mimics neuronal phenotype. J Neurosci Res 2004; 77: 192–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doucette JR. The glial cells in the nerve fiber layer of the rat olfactory bulb. Anat Rec 1984; 210: 385–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mackay-Sim A. Olfactory ensheathing cells and spinal cord repair. Keio J Med 2005; 54: 8–14
   Google Scholar
• Fairless R, Barnett SC. Olfactory ensheathing cells: their role in central nervous system repair. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 37: 693–9
   Google Scholar
• Ruitenberg MJ, Vukovic J, Sarich J, et al. Olfactory ensheathing cells: characteristics, genetic engineering, and therapeutic potential. J Neurotrauma 2006; 23: 468–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raisman G. Olfactory ensheathing cells and repair of brain and spinal cord injuries. Cloning Stem Cells 2004; 6: 364–8
   Google Scholar
• Beites CL, Kawauchi S, Crocker CE, Calof AL. Identification and molecular regulation of neural stem cells in the olfactory epithelium. Exp Cell Res 2005; 306: 309–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall CT, Lu C, Winstead W, et al. The therapeutic potential of human olfactory-derived stem cells. Histol Histopathol 2006; 21: 633–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett SC, Roskams AJ. Olfactory ensheathing cells. Isolation and culture from the rat olfactory bulb. Methods Mol Biol 2002; 198: 41–8
   Google Scholar
• Nash HH, Borke RC, Anders JJ. New method of purification for establishing primary cultures of ensheathing cells from the adult olfactory bulb. Glia 2001; 34: 81–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basso DM, Beattie MS, Bresnahan JC. A sensitive and reliable locomotor rating scale for open field testing in rats. J Neurotrauma 1995; 12: 1–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loy DN, Magnuson DS, Zhang YP, et al. Functional redundancy of ventral spinal locomotor pathways. J Neurosci 2002; 22: 315–23
   Google Scholar
• Magnuson DS, Trinder TC, Zhang YP, et al. Comparing deficits following excitotoxic and contusion injuries in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord of the adult rat. Exp Neurol 1999; 156: 191–204
   Google Scholar
• Lu P, Yang H, Jones LL, et al. Combinatorial therapy with neurotrophins and cAMP promotes axonal regeneration beyond sites of spinal cord injury. J Neurosci 2004; 24: 6402–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng YS, Deng Y, Wu LZ, et al. Co-transplantation of Schwann cells promotes the survival and differentiation of neural stem cells transplanted into the injured spinal cord. Dev Neurosci 2005; 27: 20–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd JG, Doucette R, Kawaja MD. Defining the role of olfactory ensheathing cells in facilitating axon remyelination following damage to the spinal cord. FASEB J 2005; 19: 694–703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coyne TM, Marcus AJ, Woodbury D, Black IB. Marrow stromal cells transplanted to the adult brain are rejected by an inflammatory response and transfer donor labels to host neurons and glia. Stem Cells 2006; 24: 2483–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irons H, Lind JG, Wakade CG, et al. Intracerebral xenotransplantation of GFP mouse bone marrow stromal cells in intact and stroke rat brain: graft survival and immunologic response. Cell Transplant 2004; 13: 283–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yano S, Kuroda S, Lee JB, et al. In vivo fluorescence tracking of bone marrow stromal cells transplanted into a pneumatic injury model of rat spinal cord. J Neurotrauma 2005; 22: 907–18
   Google Scholar
• Yano S, Kuroda S, Shichinohe H, et al. Do bone marrow stromal cells proliferate after transplantation into mice cerebral infarct? A double labeling study. Brain Res 2005; 1065: 60–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar