References
- Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:3021–3104.
- van den Born BJ, Koopmans RP, Groeneveld JO, et al. Ethnic disparities in the incidence, presentation and complications of malignant hypertension. J Hypertens. 2006;24:2299–2304.
- Cremer A, Amraoui F, Lip GY, et al. From malignant hypertension to hypertension-MOD: a modern definition for an old but still dangerous emergency. J Hum Hypertens. 2016;30:463–466.
- Ginna G, Pascale C, Fornengo P, et al. Hospital admissions for hypertensive crisis in the emergency departments: a large multicentre Italian study. PLoS One. 2014;9:e93542.
- van den Born BJ, Lowenberg EC, van der Hoeven NV, et al. Endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, thrombogenesis and fibrinolysis in patients with hypertensive crisis. J Hypertens. 2011;29:922–927.
- van den Born BJ, Beutler JJ, Gaillard CA, et al. Dutch guideline for the management of hypertensive crisis – 2010 revision. Neth J Med. 2011;69:248–255.
- Januszewicz A, Guzik T, Prejbisz A, et al. Malignant hypertension: new aspects of an old clinical entity. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2016;126:86–93.
- Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Aronow WS, Rysz J, et al. The rise and fall of hypertension: lessons learned from Eastern Europe. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep. 2011;5:174–179.
- Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Michalska-Kasiczak M, Gluba A, et al. Biomarkers and echocardiographic predictors of myocardial dysfunction in patients with hypertension. Sci Rep. 2015;5:8916.
- Shantsila A, Gregory YH. Malignant hypertension not quite an obsolete diagnosis yet. J Hypertens. 2019;37:282–283.
- MacCarthy EP, Bloomfield SS. Labetalol: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses and adverse effects. Pharmacotherapy. 1983;3:193–219.
- Wallin JD, Fletcher E, Ram CVS, et al. Intravenous nicardipine for the treatment of severe hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Arch Intern Med. 1989;149:2662–2669.
- Friederich JA, Butterworth JF. Sodium nitroprusside: twenty years and counting. Anesth Analg. 1995;81:152–162.
- Robin ED, McCauley R. Nitroprusside-related cyanide poisoning: time (long, past due, for urgent, effective interventions. Chest. 1992;102:1842–1845.
- Bottorff MB, Hoon TJ, Rodman JH, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of urapidil in severe hypertension. J Clin Pharmacol. 1988;28:420–426.
- Sahebkar A, Simental-Mendía LE, Katsiki N, et al. Effect of fenofibrate on plasma apolipoprotein C-III levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2019;8:e021508.
- Jichova S, Dolexelova S, Kopkan L, et al. Fenofibrate attenuates malignant hypertension by suppression of the Renin-angiotensin system: a study in Cyp 1a1-Ren-2-Trarnsgenic Rats. Am J Med Sci. 2016;352:618–630.
- Sedlakova L, Kikerlova S, Huskova A. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid antagonist attenuates the development of malignant hypertension and reverses it once established: a study in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats. Biosci Rep. 2018;12:pii.
- Michaud CJ, Trethowan B. Valsartan effective for malignant hypertension after aortic dissection with renal artery involvement. Pharmacotherapy. 2018;38:e25–e28.
- Takahashi F, Goto M, Wada Y, et al. Successful treatment with an antihypertensive drug regimen including eplerenone in a patient with malignant phase hypertension with renal failure. Intern Med. 2015;54:2467–2470.