347
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Drug Evaluation

Cariprazine as a therapeutic option for schizophrenia: a drug evaluation

ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 415-426 | Received 04 Jun 2020, Accepted 29 Oct 2020, Published online: 06 Jan 2021

References

  • Lieberman JA. First MB: psychotic Disorders. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(3):270–280.
  • Shayegan DK. Stahl SM: emotion processing, the amygdala, and outcome in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2005;29(5):840–845.
  • Kanchanatawan B, Thika S, Anderson G, et al. Maes M: affective symptoms in schizophrenia are strongly associated with neurocognitive deficits indicating disorders in executive functions, visual memory, attention and social cognition. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2018;80(PtC):168–176.
  • Gaebel W, Zielasek J. Focus on psychosis. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015;17(1):9–18.
  • Andreasen NC, Olsen S. Negative v positive schizophrenia. Definition and validation. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982;39(7):789–794.
  • Marder SR, Galderisi S. The current conceptualization of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. World Psychiatry. 2017;16(1):14–24.
  • Misiak B, Bienkowski P, Samochowiec J. Cariprazine - a novel antipsychotic drug and its place in the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychiatr Pol. 2018;52(6):971–981.
  • Zhang JP, Malhotra AK. Recent progress in pharmacogenomics of antipsychotic drug response. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018;20(4):24.
  • Saha S, Chant D, McGrath J. A systematic review of mortality in schizophrenia: is the differential mortality gap worsening over time? Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(10):1123–1131.
  • Leucht S, Arbter D, Engel RR, et al. How effective are second-generation antipsychotic drugs? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Mol Psychiatry. 2009;14(4):429–447.
  • Lee LHN, Procyshyn RM, White RF, et al. Antipsychotic prescribing patterns on admission to and at discharge from a tertiary care program for treatment-resistant psychosis. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0199758.
  • Tschoner A, Engl J, Laimer M, et al. Metabolic side effects of antipsychotic medication. Int J Clin Pract. 2007;61(8):1356–1370.
  • Pompili M, Giordano G, Luciano M, et al. Unmet Needs in Schizophrenia. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2017;16(8):870–884.
  • Kirkpatrick B, Galderisi S. Deficit schizophrenia: an update. World Psychiatry. 2008;7(3):143–147.
  • Bobes J, Arango C, Garcia-Garcia M, et al. Prevalence of negative symptoms in outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders treated with antipsychotics in routine clinical practice: findings from the CLAMORS study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71(3):280–286.
  • Kirkpatrick B, Fenton WS, Carpenter WT Jr., et al. The NIMH-MATRICS consensus statement on negative symptoms. Schizophr Bull. 2006;32(2):214–219.
  • Leucht S, Corves C, Arbter D, et al. Second-generation versus first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2009;373(9657):31–41.
  • McCormack PL. Cariprazine: first global approval. Drugs. 2015;75(17):2035–2043.
  • Stahl SM. Mechanism of action of cariprazine. CNS Spectr. 2016;21(2):123–127.
  • Corponi F, Fabbri C, Bitter I, et al. Novel antipsychotics specificity profile: A clinically oriented review of lurasidone, brexpiprazole, cariprazine and lumateperone. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2019;29(9):971–985.
  • Stahl SM, Laredo S, Morrissette DA. Cariprazine as a treatment across the bipolar I spectrum from depression to mania: mechanism of action and review of clinical data. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2020;10:2045125320905752.
  • Gross G, Wicke K, Drescher KU. Dopamine D₃ receptor antagonism–still a therapeutic option for the treatment of schizophrenia. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2013;386(2):155–166.
  • Girgis RR, Xu X, Gil RB, et al. Antipsychotic binding to the dopamine-3 receptor in humans: A PET study with [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO. Schizophr Res. 2015;168(1–2):373–376.
  • Reynolds GP, Yao Z, Zhang X, et al. Pharmacogenetics of treatment in first-episode schizophrenia: D3 and 5-HT2C receptor polymorphisms separately associate with positive and negative symptom response. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005;15(2):143–151.
  • Kiss B, Horváth A, Némethy Z, et al. Cariprazine (RGH-188), a dopamine D(3) receptor-preferring, D(3)/D(2) dopamine receptor antagonist-partial agonist antipsychotic candidate: in vitro and neurochemical profile. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010;333(1):328–340.
  • FDA. Cariprazine drug approval package; 2015. Available from: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/204370Orig2s000TOC.cfm. Accessed 2020 Jan 4.
  • European Medicines Agency. Reagila assessment report; 2017. Accessed 2020 Jan 4. Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_Public_assessment_report/human/002770/WC500234926.pdf
  • Allergan and Gedeon Richter Receive U.S. FDA approval for expanded use of VRAYLAR® (cariprazine) in the treatment of bipolar depression [news release]. Dublin and Budapest; May 28, 2019: Allergan. Cited 2020 Mar 28. https://www.allergan.com/news/news/thomson-reuters/allergan-and-gedeon-richter-receive-u-s-fda-approv?rel=0.
  • Durgam S, Earley W, Guo H, et al. Efficacy and safety of adjunctive cariprazine in inadequate responders to antidepressants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in adult patients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77(3):371–378.
  • Fava M, Durgam S, Earley W, et al. : efficacy of adjunctive low-dose cariprazine in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2018;33(6):312–321.
  • Roman V, Gyertyan I, Saghy K, et al. Cariprazine (RGH-188), a D(3)-preferring dopamine D(3)/D(2) receptor partial agonist antipsychotic candidate demonstrates anti-abuse potential in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013;226(2):285–293.
  • Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al., PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097. .
  • Citrome L. Cariprazine: chemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism, clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2013;9(2):193–206.
  • Seneca N, Finnema SJ, Laszlovszky I, et al. Occupancy of dopamine D₂ and D₃ and serotonin 5-HT₁A receptors by the novel antipsychotic drug candidate, cariprazine (RGH-188), in monkey brain measured using positron emission tomography. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011;218(3):579–587.
  • Roberts RJ, Findlay LJ, El-Mallakh PL, et al. Update on schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: focus on cariprazine. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:1837–1842.
  • Girgis RR, Slifstein M, D’Souza D, et al. Preferential binding to dopamine D3 over D2 receptors by cariprazine in patients with schizophrenia using PET with the D3/D2 receptor ligand [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2016;233(19–20):3503–3512.
  • Nord M, Farde L. Antipsychotic occupancy of dopamine receptors in schizophrenia. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2011;17(2):97–103.
  • Stahl SM. Mechanism of action of brexpiprazole: comparison with aripiprazole. CNS Spectr. 2016;21(1):1–6.
  • Earley W, Guo H, Daniel D, et al. Efficacy of cariprazine on negative symptoms in patients with acute schizophrenia: A post hoc analysis of pooled data. Schizophr Res. 2019;204:282–288.
  • Diaz J, Pilon C, Le Foll B, et al. Dopamine D3 receptors expressed by all mesencephalic dopamine neurons. J Neurosci. 2000;20(23):8677–8684.
  • Maj J, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M, Rogoz R, et al. Effect of antidepressant drugs administered repeatedly on the dopamine D3 receptors in the rat brain. Eur J Pharmacol. 1998;351(1):31–37.
  • Papp M, Gruca P, Lasoń-Tyburkiewicz M, et al. Attenuation of anhedonia by cariprazine in the chronic mild stress model of depression. Behav Pharmacol. 2014;25(5–6):567–574.
  • Neill JC, Grayson B, Kiss B, et al. Effects of cariprazine, a novel antipsychotic, on cognitive deficit and negative symptoms in a rodent model of schizophrenia symptomatology. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016;26(1):3–14.
  • Duric V, Banasr M, Franklin T, et al. Cariprazine exhibits anxiolytic and dopamine d3 receptor-dependent antidepressant effects in the chronic stress model. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2017;20(10):788–796.
  • Scheggi S, Pelliccia T, Gambarana C, et al. Aripiprazole relieves motivational anhedonia in rats. J Affect Disord. 2018;227:192–197.
  • Stahl SM. Drugs for psychosis and mood: unique actions at D3, D2, and D1 dopamine receptor subtypes. CNS Spectr. 2017;22(5):375–384.
  • Mitra S, Mahintamani T, Kavoor AR, et al. Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Ind Psychiatry J. 2016;25(2):135–144.
  • Agai-Csongor E, Domány G, Nógrádi K, et al. Discovery of cariprazine (RGH-188): a novel antipsychotic acting on dopamine D3/D2 receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2012;22(10):3437–3440.
  • Deák K, Takács-Novák K, Kapás M, et al. Physico-chemical characterization of a novel group of dopamine D(3)/D(2) receptor ligands, potential atypical antipsychotic agents. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2008;48(3):678–684.
  • Periclou A, Willavize S, Jaworowicz D, et al. Relationship between plasma concentrations and clinical effects of cariprazine in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar mania. Clin Transl Sci. 2020;13(2):362–371.
  • Frankel JS, Schwartz TL. Brexpiprazole and cariprazine: distinguishing two new atypical antipsychotics from the original dopamine stabilizer aripiprazole. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2017;7(1):29–41.
  • Durgam S, Starace A, Li D, et al. An evaluation of the safety and efficacy of cariprazine in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: a phase II, randomized clinical trial. Schizophr Res. 2014;152(2–3):450–457.
  • Citrome L. The ABC’s of dopamine receptor partial agonists - aripiprazole, brexpiprazole and cariprazine: the 15-min challenge to sort these agents out. Int J Clin Pract. 2015;69(11):1211–1220.
  • Kane JM, Zukin S, Wang Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of cariprazine in acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: results from an international, phase III clinical trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015;35(4):367–373.
  • Kiss B, Nemethy Z, Fazekas K, et al. Preclinical pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characterization of the major metabolites of cariprazine. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2019;13:3229–3248.
  • Campbell RH, Diduch M, Gardner KN, et al. Review of cariprazine in management of psychiatric illness. Ment Health Clin. 2017;7(5):221–229.
  • Citrome L. Cariprazine for acute and maintenance treatment of adults with schizophrenia: an evidence-based review and place in therapy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018;14:2563–2577.
  • Durgam S, Cutler AJ, Lu K, et al. Meltzer HY: cariprazine in acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: a fixed-dose, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015;76(12):e1574–1582.
  • Durgam S, Litman RE, Papadakis K, et al. Cariprazine in the treatment of schizophrenia: a proof-of-concept trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016;31(2):61–68.
  • Nakamura T, Kubota T, Iwakaji A, et al. Clinical pharmacology study of cariprazine (MP-214) in patients with schizophrenia (12-week treatment). Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016;10:327–338.
  • Durgam S, Greenberg WM, Li D, et al. Safety and tolerability of cariprazine in the long-term treatment of schizophrenia: results from a 48-week, single-arm, open-label extension study. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2017;234(2):199–209.
  • Cutler AJ, Durgam S, Wang Y, et al. Evaluation of the long-term safety and tolerability of cariprazine in patients with schizophrenia: results from a 1-year open-label study. CNS Spectr. 2018;23(1):39–50.
  • Lao KS, He Y, Wong IC, et al. Tolerability and safety profile of cariprazine in treating psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CNS Drugs. 2016;30(11):1043–1054.
  • Velligan DI, Weiden PJ, Sajatovic M, et al. The expert consensus guideline series: adherence problems in patients with serious and persistent mental illness. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70(Suppl 4):1–46.
  • Durgam S, Earley W, Li R, et al. : long-term cariprazine treatment for the prevention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Schizophr Res. 2016;176(2–3):264–271.
  • Earley W, Guo H, Luchini R. Modified cariprazine relapse prevention clinical trial results. Schizophr Res. 2018;199:452–453.
  • Pillinger T, McCutcheon RA, Vano L, et al. Comparative effects of 18 antipsychotics on metabolic function in patients with schizophrenia, predictors of metabolic dysregulation, and association with psychopathology: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(1):64–77.
  • Demyttenaere K, Detraux J, Racagni G, et al. Medication-induced akathisia with newly approved antipsychotics in patients with a severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CNS Drugs. 2019;33(6):549–566.
  • Szatmari B, Barabassy A, Harsanyi J, et al. Cariprazine safety in adolescents and the elderly: analyses of clinical study data. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:61.
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: prevention and management. 2014. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg178. Accessed 2020 Jul 18.
  • Durgam S, Earley W, Lu K, et al. Global improvement with cariprazine in the treatment of bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia: A pooled post hoc analysis. Int J Clin Pract. 2017;71:12.
  • Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13(2):261–276.
  • Busner J, Targum SD. The clinical global impressions scale: applying a research tool in clinical practice. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2007;4(7):28–37.
  • Corponi F, Serretti A, Montgomery S, et al. Cariprazine specificity profile in the treatment of acute schizophrenia: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized-controlled trials. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;32(6):309–318.
  • Zhao MJ, Qin B, Wang JB, et al. Efficacy and acceptability of cariprazine in acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2018;38(1):55–59.
  • Isjanovski V, Naumovska A, Bonevski D, et al. Validation of the schizophrenia quality of life scale revision 4 (SQLS-R4) among patients with schizophrenia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2016;4(1):65–69.
  • Marder S, Fleischhacker WW, Earley W, et al. Efficacy of cariprazine across symptom domains in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: pooled analyses from 3 phase II/III studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2019;29(1):127–136.
  • Wallwork RS, Fortgang R, Hashimoto R, et al. Searching for a consensus five-factor model of the positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2012;137(1–3):246–250.
  • Citrome L, Meng X, Hochfeld M. Efficacy of iloperidone in schizophrenia: a PANSS five-factor analysis. Schizophr Res. 2011;131(1–3):75–81.
  • Janicak PG, Glick ID, Marder SR, et al. The acute efficacy of aripiprazole across the symptom spectrum of schizophrenia: a pooled post hoc analysis from 5 short-term studies. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70(1):25–35.
  • Loebel A, Cucchiaro J, Silva R, et al. Efficacy of lurasidone across five symptom dimensions of schizophrenia: pooled analysis of short-term, placebo-controlled studies. Eur Psychiatry. 2015;30(1):26–31.
  • Citrome L. Cariprazine for the treatment of schizophrenia: a review of this dopamine D3-preferring D3/D2 receptor partial agonist. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses. 2016;10(2):109–119.
  • Németh G, Laszlovszky I, Czobor P, et al. Cariprazine versus risperidone monotherapy for treatment of predominant negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;389(10074):1103–1113.
  • Nasrallah H, Morosini P, Gagnon DD. Reliability, validity and ability to detect change of the personal and social performance scale in patients with stable schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2008;161(2):213–224.
  • Németh B, Molnár A, Akehurst R, et al. Quality-adjusted life year difference in patients with predominant negative symptoms of schizophrenia treated with cariprazine and risperidone. J Comp Eff Res. 2017;6(8):639–648.
  • Fleischhacker W, Galderisi S, Laszlovszky I, et al. The efficacy of cariprazine in negative symptoms of schizophrenia: post hoc analyses of PANSS individual items and PANSS-derived factors. Eur Psychiatry. 2019;58:1–9.
  • Earley W, Guo H, Daniel D, et al. Efficacy of cariprazine on negative symptoms in patients with acute schizophrenia: A post hoc analysis of pooled data. Schizophr Res. 2019;204:282–288.
  • Citrome L, Durgam S, Lu K, et al. The effect of cariprazine on hostility associated with schizophrenia: post hoc analyses from 3 randomized controlled trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77(1):109–115.
  • Citrome L, Volavka J. The psychopharmacology of violence: making sensible decisions. CNS Spectr. 2014;19(5):411–418.
  • Volavka J, Czobor P, Derks EM, et al. Efficacy of antipsychotic drugs against hostility in the European first-episode schizophrenia trial (EUFEST). J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72(7):955–961.
  • Volavka J, Czobor P, Citrome L, et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs against hostility in patients with schizophrenia in the clinical antipsychotic trials of intervention effectiveness (CATIE) study - ADDENDUM. CNS Spectr. 2014;19(5):466.
  • Durgam S, Earley W, Li R, et al. Corrigendum to “Long-term cariprazine treatment for the prevention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Schizophr Res. 2018;192:493.
  • Citrome L. Schizophrenia relapse, patient considerations, and potential role of lurasidone. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2016;10:1529–1537.
  • Andreasen NC, Carpenter WT Jr., Kane JM, et al. Remission in schizophrenia: proposed criteria and rationale for consensus. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(3):441–449.
  • Lambert M, Karow A, Leucht S, et al. Remission in schizophrenia: validity, frequency, predictors, and patients’ perspective 5 years later. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2010;12(3):393–407.
  • Correll CU, Potkin SG, Zhong Y, et al. long-term remission with cariprazine treatment in patients with schizophrenia: a post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, relapse prevention trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2019;80:2.
  • Martinotti G, Di Nicola M, Janiri L. Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in alcohol dependence. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2007;33(3):393–401.
  • Earley W, Durgam S, Lu K, et al. Safety and tolerability of cariprazine in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: a pooled analysis of four phase II/III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;32(6):319–328.
  • Nasrallah HA, Earley W, Cutler AJ, et al. The safety and tolerability of cariprazine in long-term treatment of schizophrenia: a post hoc pooled analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):305.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.