References
- Aboaziza, E., & Eissenberg, T. (2015). Waterpipe tobacco smoking: What is the evidence that it supports nicotine/tobacco dependence? Tobacco Control, 24(Suppl1), i44. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051910
- Abughosh, S., Wu, I., Hawari, F., Peters, R., Yang, M., Crutchley, R., & Essien, E. (2012). Waterpipe smoking among Jordanian adults: Predictors and correlates. Journal of Behavioral Health, 1(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.5455/jbh.20120313034424
- Akl, E. A., Gunukula, S. K., Aleem, S., Obeid, R., Jaoude, P. A., Honeine, R., & Irani, J. (2011). The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking among the general and specific populations: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, (11), 244.
- Allam, M., & Abd, E. K. (2007). Role of members of university students’ unions in tobacco prevention. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, 48(4), 136.
- Asfar, T., Ward, K. D., Eissenberg, T., & Maziak, W. (2005). Comparison of patterns of use, beliefs, and attitudes related to waterpipe between beginning and established smokers. BMC Public Health, 5(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-5-19
- Azab, M., Khabour, O. F., Alkaraki, A. K., Eissenberg, T., Alzoubi, K. H., & Primack, B. A. (2010). Water pipe tobacco smoking among university students in Jordan. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 12(6), 606. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntq055
- Azhar, A., & Alsayed, N. (2012). Prevalence of smoking among female medical students in Saudi Arabia. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP, 13(9), 4245. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.9.4245
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2010-Eastern Mediterranean (EMR) Countries Report.
- Daniels, K. E., & Roman, N. V. (2013). A descriptive study of the perceptions and behaviors of waterpipe use by university students in the Western Cape, South Africa. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 11(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1617-9625-11-4
- Dar-Odeh, N. S., Bakri, F. G., Al-Omiri, M. K., Al-Mashni, H. M., Eimar, H. A., Khraisat, A. S., Abu-Hammad, S. M., Dudeen, -A.-A. F., Abdallah, M. N., & Alkilani, S. M. Z. (2010). Narghile (water pipe) smoking among university students in Jordan: Prevalence, pattern and beliefs. Harm Reduction Journal, 7(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-7-10
- Degravelles, P. V. (2014). The Tobacco Use of Third Year BSN Nursing Students in Arkansas Using the Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS). University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
- Dugas, E., Tremblay, M., Low, N., Cournoyer, D., & O’Loughlin, J. (2010). Water-pipe smoking among North American youths. Pediatrics, 125(6), 1184. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-2335
- Eissenberg, T., & Shihadeh, A. (2009). Waterpipe Tobacco and Cigarette Smoking Direct Comparison of Toxicant Exposure. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 37(6), 518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.07.014
- Ghafouri, N., Hirsch, J. D., Heydari, G., Morello, C. M., Kuo, G. M., & Singh, R. F. (2011). Waterpipe smoking among health sciences university students in Iran: Perceptions, practices and patterns of use. BMC Research Notes, 4(1), 496. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-496
- Heinz, A., Giedgowd, G., Crane, N., Veilleux, J., Conrad, M., Braun, A., Olejarska, N., & Kassel, J. (2013). A comprehensive examination of hookah smoking in college students: Use patterns and contexts, social norms and attitudes, harm perception, psychological correlates and co-occurring substance use. Addictive Behaviors, 38(11), 2751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.07.009
- Jawad, M., Abass, J., Hariri, A., Rajasooriar, K., Salmasi, H., Millett, C., & Hamilton, F. (2013). Waterpipe smoking: Prevalence and attitudes among medical students in London. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: The Official Journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 17(1), 137. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.12.0175
- Jawaid, A., Zafar, A., Rehman, T., Nazir, M., Ghafoor, Z., Afzal, O., & Khan, J. (2008). Knowledge, attitudes and practice of university students regarding waterpipe smoking in Pakistan. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: The Official Journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 12(9), 1077.
- Jradi, H., Wewers, M., Pirie, P., Binkley, P., & Ferketich, K. (2013). Cigarette and waterpipe smoking associated knowledge and behaviour among medical students in Lebanon. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal= La Revue De Sante De La Mediterranee Orientale= al-Majallah Al-sihhiyah Li-sharq Al-mutawassit, 19(10), 861.
- Kamal, M. M., Baig, Q. A., Fareed, M. A., Chaudhry, N. A., & Rahbar, M. I. (2013). A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF PERCEPTIONS AND BEHAVIOR OF WATER PIPE SMOKING AMONG STUDENTS IN LAHORE INSTITUTES. Pakistan Oral and Dental Journal, 33(3).
- Khabour, O. F., Alzoubi, K. H., Eissenberg, T., Mehrotra, P., Azab, M., Carroll, M., Afifi, R. A., & Primack, B. A. (2012). Waterpipe Tobacco and Cigarette Smoking Among University Students in Jordan. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: The Official Journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 16(7), 986. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.11.0764
- Lipkus, I. M., Eissenberg, T., Schwartz-Bloom, R. D., Prokhorov, A. V., & Levy, J. (2011). Affecting Perceptions of Harm and Addiction among College Waterpipe Tobacco Smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 13(7), 599. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntr049
- Noonan, D., & Kulbok, P. (2009). New tobacco trends: Waterpipe (hookah) smoking and implications for healthcare providers. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 21(5), 258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7599.2009.00402.x
- Noonan, D., Kulbok, P., & Yan, G. (2011). Intention to Smoke Tobacco Using Waterpipe among Students in a Southeastern US College. Public Health Nursing (Boston, Mass.), 28(6), 494. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1446.2011.00945.x
- Obeidat, S. R., Khabour, O. F., Alzoubi, K. H., Mahasneh, A. M., Bibars, A. R. M., Khader, Y. S., & Alsa’di, A. (2014). Prevalence, social acceptance, and awareness of waterpipe smoking among dental university students: A cross sectional survey conducted in Jordan. BMC Research Notes, 7(1), 832. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-7-832
- Primack, B. A., Khabour, O. F., Alzoubi, K. H., Switzer, G. E., Shensa, A., Carroll, M. V., Azab, M., & Eissenberg, T. (2014). The LWDS-10J: Reliability and Validity of the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale Among University Students in Jordan. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 16(7), 915. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu002
- Primack, B. A., Sidani, J., Agarwal, A. A., Shadel, W. G., Donny, E. C., & Eissenberg, T. E. (2008). Prevalence of and Associations with Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking among US University Students. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 36(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-008-9047-6
- Roohafza, H., Sadeghi, M., Shahnam, M., Bahonar, A., & Sarafzadegan, N. (2011). Perceived factors related to cigarette and waterpipe (ghelyan) initiation and maintenance in university students of Iran. International Journal of Public Health, 56(2), 175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-009-0107-x
- Sadiq, M., Parekh, M., Zubairi, A., Frossard, P., & Khan, J. (2012). Cross-sectional study identifying forms of tobacco used by Shisha smokers in Pakistan. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 62(2), 192. http://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_med_med/301
- Shishani, K., Nawafleh, H., Jarrah, S., & Froelicher, E. (2011). Smoking patterns among Jordanian health professionals: A study about the impediments to tobacco control in Jordan. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing: Journal of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing of the European Society of Cardiology, 10(4), 221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2010.08.001
- Shishani, K., Nawafleh, H., & Sivarajan, F. E. (2008). Jordanian nurses’ and physicians’ learning needs for promoting smoking cessation. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing, 23(2), 79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7117.2008.07745.x
- Smith, J., Novotny, T., Edland, S., Hofstetter, C., Lindsay, S., & Al-Delaimy, W. (2011). Determinants of hookah use among high school students. Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 13(7), 565. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntr041
- Smith-Simone, S., Maziak, W., Ward, K. D., & Eissenberg, T. (2008). Waterpipe tobacco smoking: Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior in two US samples. Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 10(2), 393. https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200701825023
- Sutfin, E. L., McCoy, T. P., Reboussin, B. A., Wagoner, K. G., Spangler, J., & Wolfson, M. (2011). Prevalence and Correlates of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking by College Students in North Carolina. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 115(1–2), 131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.018
- Vansickel, A. R., Shihadeh, A., & Eissenberg, T. (2012). Waterpipe tobacco products: Nicotine labelling versus nicotine delivery. Tobacco Control, 21(3), 377. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2010.042416
- Ward, K., Hammal, F., VanderWeg, M., Eissenberg, T., Asfar, T., Rastam, S., & Maziak, W. (2005). Are waterpipe users interested in quitting? Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 7(1), 149. https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200412331328402
- World Health Organization. (2013). WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2013: Enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship.