Navigating contested terrain: vernacular education in a Papua New Guinean village

References

• Ahai, N. (1989). Culture in North Solomons tokples schools. Paper presented at the National Seminar on Community-Based Education, Port Moresby, PNG.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice (R. Nice, Trans.). London: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu , P. 1984 . Distinction: A social critique of the judgment of taste , London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. E. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook in the theory of research in the sociology of education (pp. 46–58, R. Nice, Trans.). London: Greenword Publishing Group.
   Google Scholar
• Callister, S. (1989). Community involvement in the Misima vernacular preschool programme. Paper presented at the National Seminar on Community-Based Education, Port Moresby, PNG.
   Google Scholar
• Crowley , T. 2000 . The consequences of vernacular (il) literacy in the Pacific . Current Issues in Language Planning , 1 ( 3 ) : 368 – 388 . (doi:10.1080/14664200008668012)
   Google Scholar
• Cummins , J. 1978 . Educational implications of mother tongue maintenance in minority language groups . Canadian Modern Language Review , 34 ( 3 ) : 395 – 416 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummins , J. 2009 . “ Fundamental psycholinguistic and sociological principles underlying educational success for linguistic minority students ” . In Social justice through multilingual education , Edited by: Skutnabb-Kangas , T. , Phillipson , R. and Mohanty , A. K. 19 – 35 . Tonawanda , NY : Multilingual Matters Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Delpit, L. D., & Kemelfield, G. (1985). An evaluation of the Viles Tok Ples Skul Scheme in the North Solomons Province (Vol. 51). Port Moresby, PNG: Educational Research Unit, University of PNG.
   Google Scholar
• Ellerton, L., Lovegrove, B., Robinson, K., & Lindner, J. (2011). PNG education experience survey and literacy assessment: A report on five provinces (New Ireland, NCD, Chimbu, Sundaun and Gulf provinces). National Capital District, P.N.G.: ASPBAE Australia Ltd. and PNG Education Advocacy Network.
   Google Scholar
• Hane-Nou, G. (2009). Policy formulation on education in PNG: Issues, direction and constraints. Paper presented at the National Department of Education Conference, University of Goroka, Goroka.
   Google Scholar
• Kenneth, G. (2009). MP: Education reforms failing, Post-Courier. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from http://www.postcourier.com.pg/20090316/news02.htm
   Google Scholar
• Korugl, P. (2008). Parents ‘want English in lower schools’ Post-Courier. Retrieved December 11, 2008, from http://www.postcourier.com.pg/20081211/news04.htm
   Google Scholar
• Litteral, R. (2001). Language development in Papua New Guinea. Radical pedagogy. Retrieved 30 April, 2013, from http://www-01.sil.org/silewp/1999/002/SILEWP1999-002.html
   Google Scholar
• Litteral, R. (2004). Vernacular education in Papua New Guinea. Retrieved April 30, 2013, from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001466/146660e.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Litteral, R. (2009). Multilingual education (MLE) in PNG: Past, present and future. Paper presented at the National Department of Education Conference: Education, Innovation and Standards, University of Goroka, Goroka.
   Google Scholar
• Magga, O. H., Nicolaisen, I., Trask, M., Dunbar, R., & Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (2005). Indigenous children's education and indigenous languages. Expert paper written for the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. Retrieved April 30, 2013, from http://www.tove-skutnabb-kangas.org/pdf/PFII_Expert_paper_1_Education_final.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Maini, K. (1989). The Wanbao Pii Sukulu program: Successful language maintenance in Enga. Paper presented at the National Seminar on Community-Based Education, Port Moresby, PNG.
   Google Scholar
• McNamara , V. 1981 . “ What we want from education, what we expect and what we get ” . In The right to learn: The neglect of non-formal education , Edited by: Anderson , B. 30 – 41 . Port Moresby : Research Branch: PNG Department of Education .
   Google Scholar
• Mühlhäusler , P. 1996 . Linguistic ecology: Language change and linguistic imperialism in the Pacific Region , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Nalu, M. (2009). Education Minister stresses importance of paying school fees. Retrieved from http://malumnalu.blogspot.com/2009/01/education-minister-stresses-importance.html
   Google Scholar
• PNG Department of Education. (2003). 2003 annual report: Relevant curriculum for a better future. Port Moresby, PNG: PNG Department of Education.
   Google Scholar
• PNG Department of Education. (2004). Achieving a better future: A national plan for education, 2005-2014. Port Moresby, PNG: PNG Department of Education. Retrieved from http://www.paddle.usp.ac.fj/cgi-bin/paddle?e=p-010off-paddle-00-1-0--0-10-TX-2----0-11l-11-en-50--20-png--10-3-1-000-0-0-11-0utfZz-8-00&a=file&d=png040
   Google Scholar
• PNG National Statistics Office . 2001 . 2000 national census of population and housing, Papua New Guinea, preliminary figures , Port Moresby , PNG : PNG National Statistics Office .
   Google Scholar
• Rueck, M., & Jore, T. (2001). Sociolinguistic survey of the Songum people. SIL, Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea.
   Google Scholar
• Schlatter, V. (1989). Vernacular literacy: A pilot programme in the Southern Highlands. Paper presented at the National Seminar on Community-Based Education, Port Moresby, PNG.
   Google Scholar
• Searle , J. R. 1989 . How performatives work . Linguistics and Philosophy , 12 ( 5 ) : 535 – 558 . (doi:10.1007/BF00627773)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel , J. 1997 . Formal vs. non-formal vernacular education: The education reform in Papua New Guinea . Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development , 18 ( 3 ) : 206 – 222 . (doi:10.1080/01434639708666315)
   Google Scholar
• SIL International. (2013a). About SIL: Partners in language development. Retrieved June 2, 2013, from http://www.sil.org/about-sil
   Google Scholar
• SIL International. (2013b). SNX: A language of Papua New Guinea. Ethnologue. Retrieved April 26, 2013, from http://www.ethnologue.com/language/snx
   Google Scholar
• Skutnabb-Kangas , T. 1998 . Human rights and language wrongs: A future for diversity? . Language Sciences , 20 ( 1 ) : 5 – 27 . (doi:10.1016/S0388-0001(97)00008-9)
   Google Scholar
• Strathern , M. 1988 . The gender of the gift: Problems with women and problems with society in Melanesia , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sweetser , E. 2001 . Blended spaces and performativity . Cognitive Linguistics , 11 ( 3–4 ) : 305 – 333 . (doi:10.1515/cogl.2001.018)
   Google Scholar
• Troolin, D. (2004). Sociolinguistics and literacy study, Sam language (Unpublished manuscript). SIL, Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea.
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO . 1953 . The use of vernacular languages in education , Paris : UNESCO .
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO. (2003). Education in a multilingual world. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001297/129728e.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Walter, S. (2010). Mother tongue-based education in developing countries: Some emerging insights. Paper presented at the International Mother Language Day: Improving the Quality of Teaching and Learning, 28 September 2010, Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://www.mlenetwork.org/content/mother-tongue-instructional-model-search-insights
   Google Scholar
• Yeoman, L., & Obi, M. (1993). The management of government-based literacy projects in Papua New Guinea. Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, Management Consultants.
   Google Scholar