Minority language rights to education in international, regional, and domestic regulations and practices: the case of Frisian in the Netherlands

References

• Baker, C. (1996). Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism (2nd ed.). Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Ballinger, S., Brouillard, M., Ahooja, A., Kircher, R., Polka, L., & Byers-Heinlein, K. (2020). Intersections of official and family language policy in Quebec. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2020.1752699
   Google Scholar
• Bates, L. M., Barnes, D., & Keyes, K.M. (2011). Re: “Reconsidering the role of social disadvantage in physical and mental health: Stressful life events, health behaviors, race, and depression”. American Journal of Epidemiology, 173 (11). 1348–1349. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwr110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomfield, L. (1933). Language. University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Byram, M. (2006). Languages and identities. Preliminary study: Languages of education. Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/preliminary-study-languages-and-identities-intergovernmental-conferenc/16805c5d4a
   Google Scholar
• Charlesworth, H., & Larking, E. (2014). Human rights and the universal periodic review: Rituals and RITUALISM. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. (2007a). General comment No. 19: The right to social security (Art. 9). (Report No. E/C.12/GC/19). https://socialprotection-humanrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/CESCR-General-Comment-19.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. (2007b). General comment No. 13: The right to education (Art. 13). (Report No. E/C.12/1999/10).
   Google Scholar
• Council of Europe. (1953). European convention on human rights [ECHR].
   Google Scholar
• Council of Europe. (1992). European charter for regional or minority languages [ECRML].
   Google Scholar
• Council of Europe. (1998). Framework convention for the protection of national minorities [Framework Convention]. https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/rms/090000168007cdac
   Google Scholar
• Council of Europe. (2003). Second periodical report presented to the secretary general of the council of Europe in accordance with article 15 of the charter. (Report No. MIN-LANG/PR (2003) 6).
   Google Scholar
• Council of Europe. (2020). Sixth report of the committee of experts in respect of the Netherlands. (Report No. CM (2020)107).
   Google Scholar
• De Houwer, A. (2007). Parental language input patterns and children’s bilingual use. Applied Psycholinguistics, 28 (3), 411–424. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716407070221
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jongfryske Mienskip. [Young Frisian Community] “Government maintains Inequality between Frisian and Dutch” [Editorial]. (2021, February 18). Omrop Fryslân. https://www.omropfryslan.nl/nijs/1035564-jongfryske-mienskip-ryksoerheid-haldt-ungelikenens-frysk-en-nederlansk-yn-stan
   Google Scholar
• De Varennes, F., & Kuzborska, E. (2019). Minority language rights and standards: Definitions and applications at the supranational level. In G. Hogan-Brun, & B. O’Rourke (Eds.). The palgrave handbook of minority languages and communities (pp. 21–72). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Dijkstra, T. (2019). It is Mei Sizzen Net te Dwaan. https://www.itnijs.frl/2019/03/it-is-mei-sizzen-net-te-dwaan-1/
   Google Scholar
• Dingtiid. (2015). Advies “verandering en verbetering”. https://dingtiid.frl/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/DINGTIID_ADVYS_DIGI_NL-versie-20-sept-2015-DEF.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal. (n.d.). Convention for the protection of national minorities. https://www.eerstekamer.nl/wetsvoorstel/26389_verdrag_inzake_de
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. (n.d.). How to report a BREACH OF YOUR RIGhts. https://ec.europa.eu/info/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/your-rights-eu/how-report-breach-your-rights_en
   Google Scholar
• Gorter, D. (2008). Developing a policy for teaching a minority language: The case of frisian. Current Issues in Language Planning, 9(4), 501–520. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664200802364996
   Google Scholar
• Gorter, D., Zenotz, V., & Cenoz, J. (2014). Introduction: Minority language education facing major local and global challenges. In D. Gorter, V. Zenotz, & J. Cenoz (Eds.). Minority languages and multilingual education (pp. 1–9). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Greven, J., & Letschert, J. (2006). Kerndoelen Primair onderwijs. Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap. Delta Hage.
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Council. (2017a). Compilation on the Netherlands: Report of the office of the united nations high commissioner for human rights. (Report No. A/HRC/WG.6/27/NLD/2).
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Council. (2017b). Summary of stakeholders’ submissions on Netherlands: Report of the office of the United Nations high commissioner for human rights. (Report No. A/HRC/WG.6/27/NLD/3).
   Google Scholar
• Inspectie van het Onderwijs. [Inspectorate of Education] (2006). De Kwaliteit van het Vak Fries in het Basisonderwijs en het Voortgezet Onderwijs in de Provincie Fryslân. Technisch Rapport (Report No. 2006-21).
   Google Scholar
• Inspectie van Het Onderwijs [Inspectorate of Education]. (2017). Inspection framework primary education. Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.
   Google Scholar
• Jensma, G., Hilton, N., & Visser, W. (2020). Frisian. Linguistic minorities in Europe online. De Gruyter Mouton.
   Google Scholar
• Kircher, R. (2019). Intergenerational language transmission in Quebec: Patterns and predictors in the light of provincial language planning. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, (2), 418–435. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2019.1691499
   Google Scholar
• Kotzman, J. (2018). The human rights-based approach to higher education: Why human rights norms should guide higher education law and policy. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kuipers-Zandberg, H., & Kircher, R. (2020). The Objective and Subjective Ethnolinguistic Vitality of West Frisian: Promotion and Perception of a Minority Language in the Netherlands. Sustainable Multilingualism, 17, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2020-0011
   Google Scholar
• Levine, M.V. (1990). The reconquest of montreal: Language policy and social change in a bilingual city. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Macklem, P. (2008). Minority rights in international law. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 6 (3 & 4), 531–552. https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mon019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maluch, T.J., Kempert, S., Neumann, M., & Stant, P. (2015). The effect of speaking a minority language at home on foreign language learning. Learning and Instruction, 36, 76-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2014.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrudden, C & Prechal, S. (2009). The concepts of equality and non-discrimination in Europe: A practical approach. European Network of Legal Experts in the Field of Gender Equality.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Culture, Recreation and Social Work. (1970). Rapport van de Commissie Friese-Taalpolitiek. In: Anon Tweede Kamer zitting 1969–1970, 10728, nr. 2. Ministerie van Cultuur, Recreatie en Maatschappelijk Werk.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. (2006). Decree on renewed core objectives WPO. Official Gazette of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. (Report No. 551).
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of the Interior. (2018). De Taalskipper Frysk, [The Frisian Language Skipper]. Provinsje Fryslân. https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/binaries/rijksoverheid/documenten/brochures/2018/12/21/de-taalskipper-frysk/de-taalskipper-frysk.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of the Interior. (2019). Bestjoersôfspraak Fryske taal en kultuer 2019-2013 [Covenant on Frisian language and culture]. https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/binaries/rijksoverheid/documenten/convenanten/2018/11/30/bestjoersofspraak-fryske-taal-en-kultuer-2019-2023/bestjoersofspraak-fryske-taal-en-kultuer-2019-2023.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (n.d.). Who We are: An Overview. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/WhoWeAre.aspx#:~:text=The%20UN%20General%20Assembly%20established,Declaration%20and%20Plan%20of%20Action
   Google Scholar
• Overheid Wettenbank. (1998). Besluit kerndoelen primair onderwijs 1998 [Primary Education Core Objectives Decree 1998]. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0009666/1998-10-16
   Google Scholar
• Overheid Wettenbank. (2014). Wet gebruik Friese Taal [Use of the Frisian Language Act]. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0034047/2014-01-01
   Google Scholar
• Overheid Wettenbank. (2015). Provinciaal Blad van Fryslân [Provincial Magazine of Fryslân]. https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/prb-2015-3671.html
   Google Scholar
• Overheid Wettenbank. (2021). Wet op het primair onderwijs [Primary Education Act]. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0003420/2021-10-01
   Google Scholar
• Ozfidan, B. (2017). Right of knowing and using mother tongue: A mixed method study. English Language Teaching, 10 (12), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n12p15
   Google Scholar
• Paz, M. (2013). The failed promise of language rights: A critique of the international language rights regime. Harvard International Law Journal, 54.1, 154–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Provinsje Fryslân. (2007). Fryslân in Cijfers. Ljouwert/Leeuwarden [Friesland in Figures. Leeuwarden]: Provinsje Fryslân.
   Google Scholar
• Provinsje Fryslân. (2020). De Fryske Taalatlas: Fryske Taal yn Byld. [The Frisian Language Atlas: Frisian Language in Image]. Ljouwert/Leeuwarden: Provinsje Fryslân.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, W., Ross, D., Urmson, J.O., & Ackrill, J.L. (Eds.). (1980). The Nicomachean Ethics. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sallabank, J. (2012). Diversity and language policy for endangered languages. In B. Spolsky (Ed.). The Cambridge Handbook of Language Policy (pp. 100–123). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Santos Rovira, J.M. (2015). Attitudes towards state languages versus minority languages in the contemporary world: The case of catalan in Sardinia. New Diversities, 17 (2), 163–176. https://newdiversities.mmg.mpg.de/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2015_17-02_11_Rovira-2.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sis Tsiis. (n.d.). About Sis Tsiis. https://sistsiis2016.wordpress.com/oerus/#english
   Google Scholar
• Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (1981). Bilingualism or not: The education of minorities. Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (2012). The role of linguistic human rights in language policy and planning. In C.A. Chappel (Ed.). The encyclopedia of applied linguistics (pp. 1–6). Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Social Protection Human Rights. (2015). Introduction to a Rights-based Approach. https://socialprotection-humanrights.org/introduction-to-a-rights-based-approach/
   Google Scholar
• Social Protection Human Rights. (n.d.). Disadvantaged and Vulnerable Groups. https://socialprotection-humanrights.org/key-issues/disadvantaged-and-vulnerable-groups/
   Google Scholar
• Stoop, C. (2017). Children’s rights to mother tongue education in a multilingual world: A comparative analysis between South Africa and Germany. PER / PELJ, 20, 1–35. https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2017/v20i0a820
   Google Scholar
• Taalplan Frysk 2030. (2018) Frisian Language Plan 2030. Provinsje Fryslân. https://taalplan.frl/taalplan-nl
   Google Scholar
• The Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. (2008). Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations.
   Google Scholar
• The European Union. (2007). Treaty of lisbon. (Report No. 2007/C 306/01).
   Google Scholar
• The United Nations. (1945). United Nations Charter. https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/full-text
   Google Scholar
• The United Nations. (1948). Universal declaration of human rights.
   Google Scholar
• The United Nations. (1966a). International covenant on civil and political rights [ICCPR].
   Google Scholar
• The United Nations. (1966b). International covenant on economic, social, and cultural rights [ICESCR].
   Google Scholar
• The United Nations. (1969). Vienna convention on the law of treaties.
   Google Scholar
• The United Nations. (1986). The Limburg Principles on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Report No. E/CN.4/1987/17).
   Google Scholar
• The United Nations. (1992). Declaration on the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities. https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/minorities.aspx
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO. (1960). Convention against Discrimination in Education. http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=12949&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. (n.d.). Human rights-based approach to programming. https://sites.unicef.org/policyanalysis/rights/index_62012.html#1
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Population Fund. (2014). The Human Rights-based Approach. https://www.unfpa.org/human-rights-based-approach
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Sustainable Development Group. (n.d.). Human rights-based approach. https://unsdg.un.org/2030-agenda/universal-values/human-rights-based-approach
   Google Scholar
• Van Dongera, R., Van der Meer, C., & Sterk, R. (2017). Research for CULT Committee – Minority Languages and Education: Best Practices and Pitfalls. Directorate General for Internal Policies, European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2017/585915/IPOL_STU(2017)585915_EN.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Varkevisser, N.A., & Walsweer, A.P. (2018). It Is Mei Sizzen Net Te Dwaan: Rapport Taalplan Frysk. Provinsje Fryslân. https://taalplan.frl/site/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Rapport-Taalplan-Frysk_NL-DEF.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y. (2009). Language, parents’ involvement, and social justice: The fight for maintaining minority home language: A chinese-language case study. Multicultural Education,- 16, 4, 13-18. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ858584.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Williams, C.H., & Walsh, J. (2019). Minority language governance and regulation. In G. Hogan-Brun, & B. O’Rourke (Eds.), The palgrave handbook of minority languages and communities (pp. 101–130). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, S. (2004). Language policy and language planning: Nationalism and globalisation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, S. (2016). Language policy and language planning (2nd ed.). Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Ytsma, J., Riemersma, A., & de Jong, S. (2007). The frisian language in education in the Netherlands (4th ed.). Leeuwarden: Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/frisian_in_netherlands_4th.pdf
   Google Scholar