References
- Abd el Khalek, A., 2011. ‘Voting Yes to the Referendum Will Open New Horizons’. Al Ahram Al Massa’i, 18 March. Available at: http://digital.ahram.org.eg/articles.aspx?Serial=451060&eid=1342 [Accessed 10 June 2012]. In Arabic.
- Abdel-Mageed, W., 2012. The Battles of the Constitution from 2011–2012: Part One. Halla for Publishing and Distribution, Giza, Egypt. In Arabic.
- Abou el Fadl, Sherif, ‘In the Last Days of his Trial’. Al-Ahram, 25 February 2015. Available at: http://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/602313.aspx [Accessed 3 March 2015]. In Arabic.
- Abu el Ghar, M., 2014. Critical Years in Egypt’s History, from the Ousting of Mubarak to the Removal of Morsi. Dar al Mahrousa Publ, Cairo, Egypt. In Arabic.
- Agence France Presse, 2013. ‘Egypt Headed towards Civil War, Morsi Backers Warn’. Huffington Post, 23 October. Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/23/egypt-civil-war_n_4151922.html [Accessed 15 January 2014].
- Al-Arian, A., 2013. ‘The Brotherhood after 30 June: Interview with the FJP’s Abdel Mawgoud AlDardery’. Jadaliyya. Available at: http://photography.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/13597/the-brotherhood-after30-june_an-interview-with-th [Accessed 18 January 2014].
- Alfy, A., 2016. ‘Rethinking the Youth Bulge’. In Ruptures and Ripple Effects in the Middle East and Beyond’. eds. M. Tadros and J. Selby. IDS Bulletin 47(3), 77–98.
- Amnesty International, 2013. Evidence Points to Torture Carried out by Morsi Supporters. Press Release. Available at: http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/egypt-evidencepoints-torture-carried-out-morsi-supporters-2013-08-02 [Accessed 15 August 2013].
- Bakr, A., 2016. ‘A Panoramic Perspective on Islamist Movements in the Middle East’. In Ruptures and Ripple Effects in the Middle East and Beyond, eds. M. Tadros and J. Selby. IDS Bulletin 47(3), 77–98.
- Bakry, M., 2013. The Army and the Muslim Brotherhood. 4th edn. Dar Al Masriah Publ, Cairo, Egypt.
- Barnes, C., 2009. Renegotiating the Political Settlement in War-to-Peace Transitions. Conciliation Resources, London. Available at: http://www.c-r.org/resources/renegotiating-political-settlement-war-peace-transitions [Accessed 5 January 2017].
- Bawabh Newsportal, 2012. History of Failure: The National Dialogue from Mubarak to Morsi, 1 December. Available at: http://www.albawabhnews.com/21837 [Accessed 16 August 2016].
- Brown, N., 2013. ‘Egypt’s Failed Transition’. Journal of Democracy 24(4), 45–58.10.1353/jod.2013.0064
- Brown, N., 2015. ‘The Transition: From Mubarak’s Fall to the 2014 Presidential Election’. Adelphi Series, Special Issue: Egypt after the Spring: Revolt and Reaction, eds. Emile Hokayem with Hebatalla Taha, 55(453–454), 15–32.
- Brown, S. and J. Gravingholt, 2009. Political Settlements in Peacebuilding and State Building. INCAF, Washington, DC.
- Darwisheh, H., 2014. ‘Survival, Triumph and Fall: The Political Transformation of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt’. In Between Dissent and Power, the Transformation of Islamist Politics in the Middle East and Asia, eds. K. Boo Teik, V. Hadiz and Y. Nakanishi. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 108-133.
- DFID (Department for International Development), 2009. Building the State and Securing the Peace. Emerging Policy Paper. Available at: http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=3210 [Accessed 1 January 2013].
- DFID (Department for International Development), 2010. ‘Building Peaceful States and Societies’. Available at: http://www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/CON75.pdf [Accessed 4 April 2011].
- Di John, J. and J. Putzel, 2009. Political Settlements. Governance and Social Development Resources Centre, Issues Paper. London School of Economics, London.
- Dunne, M. and S. Williamson, 2014. Egypt’s Unprecedented Instability by Numbers. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 24 March. Available at: http://carnegieendowment.org/2014/03/24/egypt-s-unprecedented-instability-by-numbers/h5j3 [Accessed 3 January 2015].
- Dutta, Urmitapa, Christopher Sonn and M. Brinton Lykes, 2016. ‘Structural Violence and Community Based Research and Action’. Community Psychology in Global Perspective 2(2), 1–20.
- El Sayed, A., 2011. ‘The Millioniyya of the Last Chance’. Al Ahram, 25 November. Available at: http://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/141507.aspx [Accessed 13 March 2012]. In Arabic.
- El Sherif, A., 2013. What Path Will Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood Choose?. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 23 September. Available at: http://carnegieendowment.org/2013/09/23/what-path-will-egypt-s-muslim-brotherhood-choose/gnx6 [Accessed 15 January 2014].
- El-Shimy, Y., 2015. ‘The Muslim Brotherhood’. Adelphi Series 55(453–454), 75–104.
- Evans, W., 2012. ‘A Review of the Evidence Informing DFID’s Building Peaceful States and Societies’. Practice Paper No. 1, Political Settlements, Peace Settlements, and Inclusion, UK Department for International Development’s Research & Evidence Division, London.
- Faheem, K., 2013. ‘Islamists Set Up Attacks on Christians’. New York Times, 20 August. Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/21/world/middleeast/attacks-rise-against-egypts-christians.html?_r=0 [Accessed 8 November 2014].
- Fritz, V. and R. Menocal, 2007. Understanding State Building from a Political Economy Perspective. ODI, London.
- George, M., 2013. ‘EU’s Ashton Says Crucial for All to Join Egyptian Political Process’. Reuters, 3 October. Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/03/us-egypt-ashtonidUSBRE9920JJ20131003 [Accessed 2 February 2014].
- Hamzawy, A., 2014. ‘On Religion, Politics and Democratic Legitimacy in Egypt’. Philosophy and Social Criticism 40(4–5), 401–406.10.1177/0191453714528202
- Hassan, K., 2011. ‘The Watany [Party] Forms a Paramilitary Network of Thugs’. Al Masry Al Youm, 23 March. Available at: http://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/120905 [Accessed 7 April 2015]. In Arabic.
- Hellyer, H.A., 2013. ‘How Morsi Let Egyptians Down’. Tahrir Squared, 2 August. Available at: http://tahrirsquared.com/node/5573 [Accessed 7 April 2015].
- Hirst, D. and P. Kingsley, 2013. ‘Egypt’s Mohamed Morsi Remains Defiant as Fears of Civil War Grow’. The Guardian, 30 June 2013. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/30/egypt-mohamedmorsi-defiant-civil-war [Accessed 5 July 2013].
- Hussein, A., 2012. ‘Was the Egyptian Revolution Really Non-Violent?’. Egypt Independent, 24 January. Available at: http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/was-egyptian-revolution-really-non-violent [Accessed 1 April 2016].
- Ikhwanweb, 2012. Morsi Campaign Press Conference at Fairmont Hotel to Discuss Latest Developments. Ikhwanweb, 22 June. Available at: http://www.ikhwanweb.com/article.php?id=30125 [Accessed 9 January 2013].
- Ismail, S., 2012. ‘The Egyptian Revolution against the Police’. Social Research 79(2). 435–462.
- Kandeel, H., 2014. I Lived Twice: An Autobiography. 3rd edn. Al-Shorouk Publishing House, Cairo, Egypt. In Arabic.
- Keller, S., 2013. Insights from the Wiki: The Sinai Peninsula a Pragmatic Al Qaeda Puts Lessons into Practice, 14 October. Available at: http://www.wikistrat.com/insights-from-the-wiki-the-sinai-peninsula-apragmatic-al-qaeda-puts-lessons-learned-into-practice/ [Accessed 13 January 2014].
- Khan, M., 2010. Political Settlements and the Governance of Growth-Enhancing Institutions. Unpublished Working Paper. SOAS, University of London, London.
- Laws, E., 2012. Political Settlements, Elite Pacts and Governments of National Unity, a Conceptual Study. DLP Background Paper No 10. Available at: publications.dlprog.org [Accessed 2 January 2013].
- Lynch, S., 2013. ‘Militants Kill 25 Egyptian Policemen’. USA Today. Available at: http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/08/19/militants-kill-25-egyptian-policemen-insinai/2670027/ [Accessed 30 June 2013].
- Makara, M., 2013. ‘Coup-Proofing, Military Defection, and the Arab Spring’. Democracy and Security 9(4), 334–359.10.1080/17419166.2013.802983
- Masoud, T., 2014. Counting Islam, Religion, Class and Elections in Egypt. Cambridge University Press, New York.10.1017/CBO9780511842610
- Mietzner, M., 2014. ‘Successful and Failed Democratic Transitions from Military Rule in Majority Muslim Societies: The Cases of Indonesia and Egypt’. Contemporary Politics 20(4), 435–452.10.1080/13569775.2014.968473
- Mohamed, K. and H. El Sheikh, 2014. ‘Exclusive to Al-Watan’. Al-Watan January. Available at: http://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/389280 [Accessed 15 January 2014].
- Moser, C., 2001. ‘The Gendered Continuum of Violence and Conflict: An Operational Framework’. In Victims, Perpetrators or Actors: Gender, Armed Conflict and Political Violence, eds. C. Moser and F. Clark. Zed Books, London, 30–52.
- Mustapha, A. and R. Abd el Lah, 2015. ‘Report of Fact-Finding Committee’. Al Youm Sab’ie, 31 January. Available at: http://www.youm7.com/story/2012/1/31/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89-%D8%AD%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82-%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%81-%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2/591044#.VSN_T-HR8a5 [Accessed 5 January 2016].
- Nosseir, M., 2013. ‘The Ugly Truth: Egypt’s Deep State’. Daily News Egypt, 16 November. Available at: http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/11/16/the-ugly-truth-egypts-deep-state/ [Accessed 13 January 2017].
- Osman, M., 2013. The Egyptian Street Sympathy towards Demonstrations in Support of President Morsi. Baseera Center. Available at: http://www.baseera.com.eg/pdf_poll_file_en/Sympathy%20Towards%20Demonstrations%20in%20Support%20of%20Former%20President_en.pdf [Accessed 2 January 2014].
- Osman, M., 2013. ‘The President’s Approval Rating after One Year in Office’. Baseera Center. Available at: http://www.baseera.com.eg/pdf_poll_file_en/President%20approval%20rating%2012%20 months%20-%20en.pdf [Accessed 3 February 2014].
- Parks, T. and W. Cole, 2010. Political Settlements: Implications for International Development and Practice. Asia Foundation, Occasional Paper No. 2, July. Available at: http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/PoliticalSettlementsFINAL.pdf. [Accessed 3 October 2013].
- Rabie, A., 2011. Documents of 100 Days on the 25th of January Revolution. Al Ahram Centre for Strategic and Political Studies, Cairo. In Arabic.
- Rezk, M., 2016. ‘The Political Economy of Violence in Egypt’. In Ruptures and Ripple Effects in the Middle East and Beyond, eds. M. Tadros and J. Selby. IDS Bulletin 47(3), 117–138.
- Rougier, B. and S. Lacroix, 2016. ‘Introduction: Egypt in Revolution’. In Egypt’s Revolutions Politics, Religion and Social Movement, eds. B. Rougier and S. Lacroix. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 1–18.
- Said, Atef, 2012. ‘The Paradox of Transition to “Democracy” under Military Rule’. Social Research 79(2), 397–434.
- Salama, O., 2012. ‘An Important Report Highlights the Four Sources Leading Counter Revolution’. Roz Al Youssef Weekly Magazine, 10 April. Available at: http://www.rosamagazine.com/articles/229/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9 accessed on 10th April 2015 [Accessed 5 January 2013]. In Arabic.
- Schultze-Kraft, M., 2013. Nigeria’s Post-1999 Political Settlement and Violence. Institute of Development Studies, Brighton.
- Shukrallah, S., 2013. ‘Once Election Allies, Egypt’s ‘Fairmont’ Opposition Turn against Morsi’. Al-Ahram, 27 June. Available at: http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/74485.aspx [Accessed 3 July 2013].
- Solomon, A., 2013. ‘Egyptian Army in Sinai Says It Thwarted Two Suicide Car Bomb Attacks’. Jerusalem Post, 12 September. Available at: http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Egyptian-army-says-it-thwarted-twosuicide-car-bomb-attacks-in-Sinai-334459 [Accessed 31 January 2014].
- Sorour, S., 2013. ‘El Sissi Asked to Sit with Us’. Al Masry Al Youm, 28 July. Available at: http://today.almasryalyoum.com/article2.aspx?ArticleID=390240 [Accessed 1 August 2013]. In Arabic.
- Spivak, G., 1988. ‘Can the Subaltern Speak?’. In Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, eds. C. Nelson and L. Grossberg. Macmillan, London, 66–110.
- Tadros, M., 2012. The Muslim Brotherhood in Contemporary Egypt: Democracy Redefined or Confined?. Routledge, London.
- Tadros, M., 2013. ‘Unfinished Transition or Unfinished Revolution?’. Working Paper, Institute of Development Studies. Available at: http://www.ids.ac.uk/publication/egypt-s-unfinished-transition-or-unfinishedrevolution-unruly-politics-and-capturing-the-pulses-of-the-street [Accessed 2 February 2015].
- Tadros, M., 2014. Settling After the Revolts? Egypt’s Political Settlements and Violent Transition. IDS Evidence Report, No 57. Available at: http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/123456789/3545/ER57%20Settling%20Afte%20the%20Revolts%20Egypt%E2%80%99s%20Political%20Settlements%20and%20Violent%20Transition.pdf?sequence=1 [Accessed 2 February 2015].
- Trew, B., 2013. ‘Egypt’s Islamists Turn Violent’. Foreign Policy, August. Available at: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/08/08/egypt_s_islamists_turn_violent [Accessed 10 October 2013].
- Ultsch, C., 2015. ‘El Baradei: ‘Viele Muslime Fühlen Sich Vom Westen Wie Dreck Behandelt [Many Muslims Feel Treated like Dirt by the West]’. Die Presse, 24 January. Available at: http://diepresse.com/home/politik/aussenpolitik/4646594/ElBaradei_Viele-Muslime-fuhlen-sich-vom-Westen-wie-Dreck-behandelt?_vl_backlink=/home/politik/aussenpolitik/index.do [Accessed 2 February 2015].
- Whaites, B., 2008. ‘States in Development: Understanding State-Building’. DFID Working Paper, London.
- World Bank, 2011. World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security, and Development. World Bank. Available at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/4389 [Accessed 2 February 2015].