1,017
Views
53
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Asphalt-rubber gap-graded mixture design practices: a state-of-the-art research review and future perspective

, , &
Pages 730-752 | Received 02 Dec 2015, Accepted 18 Apr 2016, Published online: 23 May 2016

References

  • Abdelrahman, M., & Carpenter, S. (1999). Mechanism of interaction of asphalt cement with crumb rubber modifier. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1661, 106–113. doi: 10.3141/1661-15
  • Airey, G., Rahman, M., & Collop, A. C. (2004). Crumb rubber and bitumen interaction as a function of crude source and bitumen viscosity. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 5(4), 453–475. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2004.9689981
  • Arizona Dept. of Transportation (ADOT). (1985, July). Intermodal transportation division. materials group. ARIZ 815c Marshall Mix for Asphaltic Concrete. ADOT Materials Testing Manual. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation, USA, revised July 15, 2005.
  • Arizona Dept. of Transportation (ADOT). (2008, November). Intermodal transportation division. Materials Group. ARIZ 832 Marshall Mix Design Method for Asphaltic Concrete (Asphalt-Rubber) [AR-AC].
  • Asphalt Rubber User Guide. (2003, January). State of California Department of Transportation. Division of Engineering Services, Sacramento, CA 95819–4612.
  • ASTM D6114–09. (2009). Standard specification for asphalt-rubber binder. American Society for Testing and Materials International, PA, USA.
  • Bahia, H. U., & Davies, R. (1994). Effect of crumb rubber modifiers (CRM) on performance related properties of asphalt binders (with discussion). Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 63, 414–438.
  • Bahia, H. U., & Davies, R. (1995). Factors controlling the effect of crumb rubber on critical properties of asphalt binders (with discussion). Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 64, 130–162.
  • Biligiri, K. P. (2008). Asphalt mixtures' properties indicative of tire/pavement noise (PhD Dissertation). Arizona State University, Arizona, USA, December 2008.
  • Biligiri, K. P. (2013). Effect of pavement materials' damping properties on tyre/road noise characteristics. Construction and Building Materials, 49, 223–232. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.08.016
  • Biligiri, K. P., Kalman, B., & Samuelsson, A. (2013). Understanding the fundamental material properties of low-noise poroelastic road surfaces. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 14(1), 12–23. doi: 10.1080/10298436.2011.608798
  • Biligiri, K. P., & Way, G. B. (2012, October 23–26). Comparison of laboratory and field aging properties of asphalt-rubber and other binders in Arizona. Asphalt rubber 2012 conference, Munich, Germany.
  • Biligiri, K. P., & Way, G. B. (2013). Comparison of laboratory and field aging properties of asphalt binders. Journal of Advances in Civil Engineering Materials, 2(1), 288–306.
  • Biligiri, K. P., & Way, G. B. (2014). Noise-damping characteristics of different pavement surface wearing courses. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 15(4), 925–941. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2014.902768
  • Biligiri, K. P., Way, G., & Zareh, A. (2010). Actual and predicted aging properties of asphalt binders in Arizona and comparisons with MEPDG-modeled values. 89th annual meeting of the transportation research board of the national academies, Washington, DC. (CD-ROM).
  • Caltrans Asphalt Rubber Usage Guide. (2006). State of California Department of Transportation, Materials Engineering and Testing Services. Sacramento, CA 95819–4612.
  • Celauro, B., Celauro, C., Presti, D. L., & Bevilacqua, A. (2012). Definition of a laboratory optimization protocol for road bitumen improved with recycled tire rubber. Construction and Building Materials, 37, 562–572. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.034
  • Chiu, C. T. (2008). Use of ground tire rubber in asphalt pavements: Field trial and evaluation in Taiwan. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52(3), 522–532. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2007.06.006
  • Chiu, C. T., & Lu, L. C. (2007). A laboratory study on stone matrix asphalt using ground tire rubber. Construction and Building Materials, 21(5), 1027–1033. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.02.005
  • Crockford, W. W., Makunike, D., Davison, R. R., Scullion, T., & Billiter, T. C. (1995). Recycling crumb rubber modified asphalt pavements. Research Report 1333–1F. Texas Department of Transportation, the Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas, USA.
  • Dondi, G., Tataranni, P., Pettinari, M., Sangiorgi, C., Simone, A., & Vignali, V. (2014). Crumb Rubber in cold recycled bituminous mixes: Comparison between traditional crumb rubber and cryogenic crumb rubber. Construction and Building Materials, 68, 370–375. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.093
  • Epps, A. L. (1997). Thermal behavior of crumb-rubber modified asphalt concrete mixtures. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.
  • Epps, J. A. (1994). Uses of recycled rubber tires in highways. In NCHRP Synthesis 198. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 162.
  • Fontes, L. P., Pereira, P. A., Pais, J. C., & Trichês, G. (2006). Behaviour of asphalt rubber mixtures with different crumb rubber and asphalt binder sources. In Proceedings of the asphalt rubber 2006 conference, Palm Springs, CA.
  • Fontes, L. P., Triches, G., Pais, J. C., & Pereira, P. A. (2010). Evaluating permanent deformation in asphalt rubber mixtures. Construction and Building Materials, 24(7), 1193–1200. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.021
  • Gandhi, T., Wurst, T., Rice, C., & Milar, B. (2014). Laboratory and field compaction of warm rubberized mixes. Construction and Building Materials, 67 (B), 285–290. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.106
  • Giuliani, F., & Merusi, F. (2010). Advanced rheological characterization of non-reversible deformation and fatigue behavior in crumb rubber modified asphalt binders. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 11 (Suppl. 1), 197–224. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2010.9690332
  • Guillamot, F., Goujard, L., Simard, D., & Boulangé, L. (2013). Influence of interface energy on compatibility between ground tyre rubber and bitumen used in asphalt pavement. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 14(2), 372–383. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2013.796890
  • Hajikarimi, P., Rahi, M., & Moghadas Nejad, F. (2015). Comparing different rutting specification parameters using high temperature characteristics of rubber-modified asphalt binders. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 16(4), 751–766. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2015.1063533
  • Harvey, J., Bejarano, M., & Popescu, L. (2001). Accelerated pavement testing of rutting and cracking performance of asphalt-rubber and conventional asphalt concrete overlay strategies. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2(3), 229–262. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2001.9689902
  • Hassan, N. A., Hainin, M. R., Yaacob, H., Ismail, C. R., & Yunus, N. Z. M. (2013). Evaluation on mix design and rutting resistance of dry mixed rubberised asphalt mixtures. Jurnal Teknologi, 65(3), 115–120.
  • Heitzman, M. (1992). Design and construction of asphalt paving materials with crumb rubber modifier. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1339, 1–8.
  • Hicks, R. G., Lundy, J. R., Leahy, R. B., Hanson, D., & Epps, J. (1995). Crumb rubber modifier (CRM) in asphalt pavements: Summary of practices in Arizona, California, and Florida. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.
  • Huang, B., Mohammad, L., Graves, P., & Abadie, C. (2002). Louisiana experience with crumb rubber-modified hot-mix asphalt pavement. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1789, 1–13. doi: 10.3141/1789-01
  • Huang, S. C. (2006). Rheological characteristics of crumb rubber-modified asphalts with long-term aging. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 7 (Suppl. 1), 37–56. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2006.9690057
  • Huang, S. C., & Pauli, A. T. (2008). Particle size effect of crumb rubber on rheology and morphology of asphalt binders with long-term aging. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 9(1), 73–95. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2008.9690108
  • IRC: 37. (2012). Tentative guidelines for the design of flexible pavements. New Delhi: Author.
  • Jenks, C. W., Jencks, C. F., Harrigan, E. T., Adcock, M., Delaney, E. P., & Freer, H. (2011). NCHRP Report 673: A manual for design of hot mix asphalt with commentary. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
  • Jeong, K. D., Lee, S. J., Amirkhanian, S. N., & Kim, K. W. (2010). Interaction effects of crumb rubber modified asphalt binders. Construction and Building Materials, 24(5), 824–831. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.10.024
  • Kaloush, K. E. (2014). Asphalt rubber: Performance tests and pavement design issues. Construction and Building Materials, 67, 258–264. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.03.020
  • Kaloush, K. E., Biligiri, K. P., Rodezno, M. C., Souliman, M. I., Reed, J. X., & Stempihar, J. (2010). Laboratory evaluation of rubber & polymer modified bituminous mixtures constructed in Stockholm (E18 Highway between the Järva Krog & Bergshamra Interchanges). Final Report, Swedish Transport Administration, Vägverket.
  • Kaloush, K. E., Biligiri, K. P., Zeiada, W., & Rodezno, M. C. (2008). Laboratory evaluation of gap graded asphalt concrete mixtures–Malmo E-06 highway. Final Report, Swedish Road Administration, Vägverket.
  • Kaloush, K. E., Zborowski, A., Biligiri, K. P., Rodezno, M. C., & De Mello, L. (2007). Performance evaluation of asphalt rubber mixtures in Arizona–Silver Springs and Badger Springs projects. Final Report. Arizona State University.
  • Kebria, Y. D., Moafimadani, S. R., & Goli, Y. (2015). Laboratory investigation of the effect of crumb rubber on the characteristics and rheological behaviour of asphalt binder. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 16(4), 946–956. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2015.1042015
  • Kök, B. V., & Çolak, H. (2011). Laboratory comparison of the crumb-rubber and SBS modified bitumen and hot mix asphalt. Construction and Building Materials, 25(8), 3204–3212. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.03.005
  • Kovaľaková, M., Fričová, O., Hronský, V., Olčák, D., Mandula, J., & Salaiová, B. (2013). Characterisation of crumb rubber modifier using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 14(4), 946–958. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2013.837835
  • Kumbargeri, Y. S., & Biligiri, K. P. (2015). A novel approach to understanding asphalt binder aging behavior using asphaltene proportion as a performance indicator. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 44(1), 439–449.
  • Lavasani, M., Namin, M. L., & Fartash, H. (2015). Experimental investigation on mineral and organic fibers effect on resilient modulus and dynamic creep of stone matrix asphalt and continuous graded mixtures in three temperature levels. Construction and Building Materials, 95, 232–242. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.146
  • Lee, S. J., Akisetty, C. K., & Amirkhanian, S. N. (2008). The effect of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) on the performance properties of rubberized binders in HMA pavements. Construction and Building Materials, 22(7), 1368–1376. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.04.010
  • Leite, L. F. M., Constantino, R. S., & Vivoni, A. (2001). Rheological studies of asphalt with ground tire rubber. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2(2), 125–139. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2001.9689896
  • Liang, R., & Lee, S. (1996). Short-term and long-term aging behavior of rubber modified asphalt paving mixture. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1530, 11–17. doi: 10.3141/1530-02
  • Liu, S., Cao, W., Fang, J., & Shang, S. (2009). Variance analysis and performance evaluation of different crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt. Construction and Building Materials, 23(7), 2701–2708. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.12.009
  • Loadman, M. (1985). The glass transition temperature of natural rubber. Journal of Thermal Analysis, 30(4), 929–941. doi: 10.1007/BF01913321
  • Losa, M., Leandri, P., & Cerchiai, M. (2012). Improvement of pavement sustainability by the use of crumb rubber modified asphalt concrete for wearing courses. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 5(6), 395–404.
  • Mashaan, N. S., Ali, A. H., Koting, S., & Karim, M. R. (2013). Dynamic properties and fatigue life of stone mastic asphalt mixtures reinforced with waste tyre rubber. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 1–10. doi:10.1155/2013/319259
  • Mashaan, N. S., Karim, M. R., Abdel Aziz, M., Ibrahim, M. R., Katman, H. Y., & Koting, S. (2014). Evaluation of fatigue life of CRM-reinforced SMA and its relationship to dynamic stiffness. The Scientific World Journal, 1–10. doi:10.1155/2014/968075
  • Maupin, G. Jr. (1996). Hot mix asphalt rubber applications in Virginia. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1530, 18–24. doi: 10.3141/1530-03
  • Meena, P. K., Saha, G., & Biligiri, K. P. (2015). Estimation of fatigue life using resilient moduli of asphalt mixtures. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 44(1), 424–438.
  • Mello, L. G., Kaloush, K. E., & Farias, M. M. (2010). Damage theory applied to flexural fatigue tests on conventional and asphalt rubber Hot mixes. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 11(3), 681–700. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2010.9690299
  • Minhajuddin, M., Saha, G., & Biligiri, K. P. (2015). Crack propagation parametric assessment of modified asphalt mixtures using linear elastic fracture mechanics approach. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, American Society for Testing and Materials International, 44(1), 471–483.
  • Mogawer, W., Austerman, A., Mohammad, L., & Kutay, M. E. (2013). Evaluation of high RAP-WMA asphalt rubber mixtures. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 14(2), 129–147. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2013.812846
  • Mohammad, L., Huang, B., & Roberts, F. (2000). Accelerated loading performance and laboratory characterization of crumb rubber asphalt pavements. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 1(4), 467–493.
  • Morris, G. R., Carlson, D. D. (2001). The apparent unique behaviour of thin asphalt rubber hot-mix overlays in Arizona. In Proceedings of the beneficial use of recycled materials in transportation applications, VA, 651–666.
  • Mturi, G. A., O’Connell, J., Zoorob, S. E., & De Beer, M. (2014). A study of crumb rubber modified bitumen used in South Africa. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 15(4), 774–790. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2014.910130
  • Mull, M. A., Stuart, K., & Yehia, A. (2002). Fracture resistance characterization of chemically modified crumb rubber asphalt pavement. Journal of Materials Science, 37(3), 557–566. doi: 10.1023/A:1013721708572
  • Nadkarni, A., Kaloush, K., Zeiada, W., & Biligiri, K. P. (2009). Using dynamic modulus test to evaluate moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2127, 29–35. doi: 10.3141/2127-04
  • Natu, G. S., & Tayebali, A. A. (2000). Viscoelastic behavior of crumb rubber modified asphalt binders. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 1(1–2), 119–129. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2000.9689887
  • Neto, S. A. D., Farias, M. M., Pais, J. C., Pereira, P. A., & Sousa, J. B. (2006). Influence of crumb rubber and digestion time on the asphalt rubber binders. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 7(2), 131–148. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2006.9690030
  • Page, G. C. (1992). Florida’s initial experience utilizing ground tire rubber in asphalt concrete mixes. Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 61, 446–472.
  • Peralta, J., Silva, H. M., Machado, A. V., Pais, J., Pereira, P. A., & Sousa, J. B. (2010). Changes in rubber due to its interaction with bitumen when producing asphalt rubber. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 11(4), 1009–1031. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2010.9690317
  • Presti, D. L. (2013). Recycled tyre rubber modified bitumens for road asphalt mixtures: A literature review. Construction and Building Materials, 49, 863–881. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.09.007
  • Presti, D. L., & Airey, G. (2013). Tyre rubber-modified bitumens development: The effect of varying processing conditions. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 14(4), 888–900. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2013.837837
  • Punith, V. S., Xiao, F., & Amirkhanian, S. N. (2012). Evaluation of moisture sensitivity of stone matrix asphalt mixtures using polymerised warm mix asphalt technologies. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 13(2), 152–165. doi: 10.1080/10298436.2011.643792
  • Putman, B. J., & Amirkhanian, S. N. (2004). Utilization of waste fibers in stone matrix asphalt mixtures. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 42(3), 265–274. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.04.005
  • Raad, L., Saboundjian, S., & Minassian, G. (2001). Field aging effects on fatigue of asphalt concrete and asphalt-rubber concrete. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1767, 126–134. doi: 10.3141/1767-16
  • Saha, G., & Biligiri, K. P. (2015). Fracture damage evaluation of asphalt mixtures using Semi-Circular Bending test based on fracture energy approach. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 142, 154–169. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2015.06.009
  • Said, S. F., Carlsson, H., Viman, L., & Nordgren, T. (2015). Performance of asphalt rubber pavements. In Proceedings of the rubberized asphalt rubber 2015 conference, Las Vegas, USA.
  • Santagata, E., Baglieri, O., Alam, M., Lanotte, M. A., & Riviera, P. P. (2014). Evaluation of rutting resistance of rubberized gap-graded asphalt mixtures. In Proceedings of the 6th international conference of bituminous mixtures and pavements, Thessaloniki, Greece.
  • Scofield, L. A. (1989). The history, development, and performance of asphalt rubber at ADOT. Special report (No. AZ-SP-8902), Arizona, USA.
  • Sebaaly, P. E., Gopal, V. T., & Epps, J. A. (2003). Low temperature properties of crumb rubber modified binders. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 4(1), 29–49. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2003.9689939
  • Sharma, V., & Goyal, S. (2006). Comparative study of performance of natural fibres and crumb rubber modified stone matrix asphalt mixtures. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 33(2), 134–139. doi: 10.1139/l05-096
  • Shatanawi, K. M., Biro, S., Naser, M., & Amirkhanian, S. N. (2013). Improving the rheological properties of crumb rubber modified binder using hydrogen peroxide. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 14(3), 723–734. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2013.812535
  • Shatanawi, K. M., Thodesen, C. C., & Amirkhanian, S. N. (2008). Effects of crumb rubber variability on failure temperature of crumb rubber modified binders. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 9(2), 291–309. doi: 10.3166/rmpd.9.291-309
  • Shen, J., Amirkhanian, S., Lee, S. J., & Putman, B. (2006). Recycling of laboratory-prepared reclaimed asphalt pavement mixtures containing crumb rubber-modified binders in hot-mix asphalt. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1962, 71–78. doi: 10.3141/1962-09
  • Sousa, J. B., Way, G. B., & Zareh, A. (2006). Asphalt-rubber gap graded mix design concepts. In Proceedings of the asphalt rubber 2006 conference, Palm Springs, CA, 523–543.
  • Specifications for Road and Bridge Works (Fifth Revision). (2013). Ministry of road transportation and highways (MORT&H). New Delhi: Indian Roads Congress.
  • Stone Matrix Asphalt. Item 346. (2004). Standard specifications for construction and maintenance, streets, and bridges. Texas Department of Transportation, 364–398.
  • Stonex, A., & Carusone, J. M. (2007). Development of mix design procedures for gap-graded asphalt-rubber asphalt concrete. Report prepared for Federal Highway Administration, (No. FHWA-AZ-06-524), USA.
  • Subhy, A., Lo Presti, D., & Airey, G. (2015). Rubberised bitumen manufacturing assisted by rheological measurements. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 1–21. doi:10.1080/14680629.2015.1079549
  • Tashman, L., & Pearson, B. (2012). Characterisation of stone matrix asphalt mixtures. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 13(4), 297–309. doi: 10.1080/10298436.2011.595793
  • Thodesen, C. C., Amirkhanian, S. N., & Bridges, W. (2008). Development of an empirical model for predicting crumb rubber modified binder viscous properties. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 9(4), 731–743. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2008.9690147
  • Van Kirk, J. (1989). Caltrans' experience with asphalt rubber concrete: An overview and future direction. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Asphalt Rubber, Asphalt Rubber Producers Group, Kansas City, Missouri. Retrieved from http://www.asphaltrubber.org/ARTIC/Reports/RPA_A1303.pdfhttp://www.asphaltrubber.org/ARTIC/Reports/RPA_A1303.pdf
  • Wang, H., Dang, Z., Li, L., & You, Z. (2013). Analysis on fatigue crack growth laws for crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt mixture. Construction and Building Materials, 47, 1342–1349. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.014
  • Way, G. B., & Biligiri, K. P. (2013). Asphalt rubber aging properties compared to neat asphalt. In Proceedings of the international journal of pavements conference, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
  • Way, G. B., Kaloush, K. E., & Biligiri, K. P. (2012a). Asphalt-rubber standard practice guide. Tempe: Rubber Pavements Association.
  • Way, G. B., Kaloush, K., Sousa, J., & Biligiri, K. P. (2012b). Performance characteristics of arizona asphalt-rubber and conventional mixes using beam fatigue and simple shear tests. In Proceedings of the asphalt rubber 2012, Munich, Germany.
  • Way, G. B., Sousa, J., & Biligiri, K. P. (2012c). Mitigation strategies to avoid asphalt-rubber placement & early traffic related concerns. In Proceedings of the asphalt rubber 2012, Munich, Germany.
  • Xiang, L., Cheng, J., & Que, G. (2009). Microstructure and performance of crumb rubber modified asphalt. Construction and Building Materials, 23(12), 3586–3590. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.06.038
  • Xiao, F., Amirkhanian, S., & Juang, C. H. (2007). Rutting resistance of rubberized asphalt concrete pavements containing reclaimed asphalt pavement mixtures. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, 19(6), 475–483. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:6(475)
  • Xie, Z., & Shen, J. (2015). Fatigue performance of rubberized stone matrix asphalt by a simplified viscoelastic continuum damage model. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 28(4) doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001463,04015162.
  • Zanzotto, L., & Kennepohl, G. (1996). Development of rubber and asphalt binders by depolymerization and devulcanization of scrap tires in asphalt. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1530, 51–58. doi: 10.3141/1530-07
  • Zeiada, W. A., Underwood, B. S., Pourshams, T., Stempihar, J., & Kaloush, K. E. (2014). Comparison of conventional, polymer, and rubber asphalt mixtures using viscoelastic continuum damage model. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 15(3), 588–605. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2014.914965

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.