Alternative interpretation of the adequate traffic levels of modified bitumens on Superpave®: a case study with crumb rubber and polyphosphoric acid (PPA)

References

• Bahia, H. U., Hanson, D. I., Zeng, M., Zhai, H., Khatri, M. A., & Anderson, R. M. (2001). Characterization of modified asphalt binders in Superpave mix design (NCHRP Report 459). Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
   Google Scholar
• Baumgardner, G., & D’Angelo, J. (2012). Evaluation of new dynamic shear rheometer testing geometry for performance testing of crumb rubber–modified binder. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2293, 73–79. doi: 10.3141/2293-09
   Google Scholar
• Bennert, T., Dongré, R., Ericson, C., & Zavery, Z. (2015). High temperature characterization of crumb rubber modified asphalt binders and mixtures in New York state. In Proceedings of the 94th transportation research board annual meeting. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.
   Google Scholar
• Bennert, T., & Martin, J.-V. (2012). Polyphosphoric acid in combination with styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer: Laboratory mixture evaluation. Transportation Research Circular, E-C160, 70–85.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, E. R., & Cross, S. A. (1992). A national study of rutting in hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements. Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 61, 535–582.
   Google Scholar
• Clyne, T. R., Johnson, E. N., McGraw, J., & Reinke, G. (2012). Field investigation of polyphosphoric acid–modified binders at MnROAD. Transportation Research Circular, E-C160, 115–130.
   Google Scholar
• Cunha, M. B., Zegarra, J. E., & Fernandes Jr., J. L. (2007). Revisão da seleção do grau de desempenho (PG) de ligantes asfálticos por estado no Brasil. In Anais do 21° Congresso Nacional de Pesquisa e Ensino em Transportes (pp. 1–10). Rio de Janeiro: Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Ensino em Transportes. [Revision of the selection of performance-graded (PG) asphalt binders for each state in Brazil].
   Google Scholar
• D’Angelo, J. A. (2009). The relationship of the MSCR test to rutting. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 10(Suppl. 1), 61–80. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2009.9690236
   Google Scholar
• D’Angelo, J. A. (2012). Effect of polyphosphoric acid on asphalt binder properties. Transportation Research Circular, E-C160, 27–39.
   Google Scholar
• D’Angelo, J. (2010). New high-temperature binder specification using multistress creep and recovery. Transportation Research Circular, E-C147, 1–13.
   Google Scholar
• D’Angelo, J., & Dongré, R. (2009). Practical use of multiple stress creep and recovery test: Characterization of styrene-butadiene-styrene dispersion and other additives in polymer-modified asphalt binders. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2126, 73–82. doi: 10.3141/2126-09
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Angelo, J., Kluttz, R., Dongré, R., Stephens, K., & Zanzotto, L. (2007). Revision of the Superpave high temperature binder specification: The multiple stress creep recovery test. Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 76, 123–162.
   Google Scholar
• Delgadillo, R., Cho, D. W., & Bahia, H. (2006a). Nonlinearity of repeated creep and recovery binder test and relationship with mixture permanent deformation. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1962, 2–11. doi: 10.1177/0361198106196200101
   Google Scholar
• Delgadillo, R., Nam, K., & Bahia, H. (2006b). Why do we need to change G*/sinδ and how? Road Materials and Pavement Design, 7(1), 7–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domingos, M. D. I. (2017). The importance of the creep and recovery times on the rheological behavior and the susceptibility of modified asphalt binders to rutting (Ph. D. Dissertation). University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos.
   Google Scholar
• Domingos, M. D. I., & Faxina, A. L. (2016). Susceptibility of asphalt binders to rutting: Literature review. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 28(2), 04015134. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001364
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domingos, M. D. I., & Faxina, A. L. (2017). Towards a further understanding of the role of the creep time in the MSCR test and proposal of a refined traffic level criterion. In Proceedings of the 96th transportation research board annual meeting. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.
   Google Scholar
• Domingos, M. D. I., Faxina, A. L., & Bernucci, L. L. B. (2017). Characterization of the rutting potential of modified asphalt binders and its correlation with the mixture’s rut resistance. Construction and Building Materials, 144, 207–213. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.171
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreessen, S., Planche, J. P., & Gardel, V. (2009). A new performance related test method for rutting prediction: MSCRT. In A. Loizos, M. N. Partl, T. Scarpas, & I. L. Al-Qadi (Eds.), Advanced testing and characterization of bituminous materials (Vol. 2, pp. 971–980). London: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fee, D., Maldonado, R., Reinke, G., & Romagosa, H. (2010). Polyphosphoric acid modification of asphalt. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2179, 49–57. doi: 10.3141/2179-06
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gierhart, D. (2013). Multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR): Why it should be implemented. In Proceedings of the louisiana transportation conference. Baton Rouge, LA. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20190403191537/http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/ltc_13/pdf/presentations/S43_Why%20the%20Multiple%20Stress%20Creep%20Recovery%20(MSCR)%20Test%20Should%20be%20Implemented_LTC2013.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Golalipour, A. (2011). Modification of multiple stress creep and recovery test procedure and usage in specification (Master’s thesis). University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
   Google Scholar
• Hajikarimi, P., Rahi, M., & Nejad, F. M. (2015). Comparing different rutting specification parameters using high temperature characteristics of rubber modified asphalt binders. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 16(4), 751–766. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2015.1063533
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanz, A. (2015). MSCR implementation and impacts on asphalt binder grading. In Proceedings of the MAPA contractors’ workshop. Minneapolis, MN. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20190403191354/http://www.asphaltisbest.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/MSCR-Implementation_MAPA_V3_2-18-2015.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Huang, Y. H. (2004). Pavement analysis and design (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Leite, L. F. M., & Tonial, I. A. (1994). Qualidade dos cimentos asfálticos brasileiros segundo as especificações SHRP. In Anais do 12° Encontro de Asfalto (pp. 94–119). Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileiro de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis. [Grading of the Brazilian asphalt cements according to the SHRP specifications].
   Google Scholar
• Lesueur, D. (2009). The colloidal structure of bitumen: Consequences on the rheology and on the mechanisms of bitumen modification. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 145(1-2), 42–82. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2008.08.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohseni, A., & Azari, H. (2014). High-temperature characterization of highly modified asphalt binders and mixtures. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2444, 38–51. doi: 10.3141/2444-05
   Google Scholar
• Pereira, P. A. A., Pais, J. C., & Sousa, J. B. (1998). Validation of SHRP A-698 permanent deformation concepts for different truck speeds. In Proceedings of the fifth international conference on the bearing capacity of roads and airfields (pp. 339–348). Trondhein: Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Pereira, P. A. A., Pais, J. C., & Sousa, J. B. (2000). Modelling the effect of truck speed on permanent deformation of asphalt mixes. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 1(2), 197–207.
   Google Scholar
• Sarkar, A. (2017). Combined effect of loading pattern, pulse duration, and stress level on the cyclic creep test of asphalt mixture. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 29(1), 04016185. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001715
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stempihar, J., Gundla, A., & Underwood, B. S. (2018). Interpreting stress sensitivity in the multiple stress creep and recovery test. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 30(2), 04017283. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabatabaee, N., & Teymourpour, P. (2010). Effect of modification on rut susceptibility of asphalt binders and mixtures. In Proceedings of the 11th international conference on asphalt pavements (pp. 1094–1103). Nagoya: International Society for Asphalt Pavement.
   Google Scholar
• Tapkın, S., Uşar, Ü, Tuncan, A., & Tuncan, M. (2009). Repeated creep behavior of polypropylene fiber-reinforced bituminous mixtures. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 135(4), 240–249. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2009)135:4(240)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teymourpour, P., Hanz, A. J., Mandal, T., Bahia, H. U., & Rizzutto, S. J. (2016). Effect of parallel plate gap height on repeatability in DSR measurements of crumb-rubber modified binders. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 28(8), 04016047. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001542
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tielking, J. T., & Roberts, F. L. (1987). Tire contact pressure and its effect on pavement strain. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 113(1), 56–71. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(1987)113:1(56)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasage, T. L. J., Kazatchkov, I. B., Stastna, J., & Zanzotto, L. (2009). Rutting evaluation of asphalt binders and mixes. In A. Loizos, M. N. Partl, T. Scarpas, & I. L. Al-Qadi (Eds.), Advanced testing and characterization of bituminous materials (Vol. 2, pp. 989–998). London: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wasage, T. L. J., Stastna, J., & Zanzotto, L. (2011). Rheological analysis of multi-stress creep recovery (MSCR) test. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 12(6), 561–568. doi: 10.1080/10298436.2011.573557
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, G. (2017). Grading highly modified binders by multiple stress creep recovery. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 18(6), 1322–1337. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2016.1212730
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar