3,587
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Normalising sexualised violence in popular culture: eroding, erasing and controlling women in rock music

ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon
Pages 1107-1123 | Received 29 Aug 2019, Accepted 25 Feb 2021, Published online: 28 Mar 2021

References

  • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Communications. 1996. “Impact of Music Lyrics and Music Videos on Children and Youth.” Pediatrics 98 (6): 1219.
  • Aubrey, Jennifer Stevens, and Cynthia M. Frisby. 2011. “Sexual Objectification in Music Videos: A Content Analysis Comparing Gender and Genre.” Mass Communication and Society 14 (4): 475–501. doi:10.1080/15205436.2010.513468.
  • Bannister, Matthew. 2006. White Boys, White Noise: Masculinities and 1980s Indie Guitar Rock. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Bartky, Sandra Lee. 1990. Femininity and Domination: Studies in the Phenomenology of Oppression. London: Routledge.
  • Berkers, Pauwke, and Julian Schaap. 2018. Gender Inequality in Metal Music Production. Bingley: Emerald.
  • Boyle, Karen. 2005. Media and Violence: Gendering the Debates. London: Sage.
  • Brownmiller, Susan. 1975. Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape. London: Secker and Warburg.
  • Burke, Tarana. 2007. “The Inception.” Just Be Inc. (blog). Accessed April 24, 2020. http://justbeinc.wixsite.com/justbeinc/the-me-too-movement-cmml
  • Burns, Lori. 2020. “Femininity and Vocal Subjectivity in Heavy Metal: Floor Jansen’s Negotiations of Expressive Space.” IASPM UK & Ireland: London Calling, Online. Accessed June 02, 2020. https://london-calling-iaspm2020.com/session-3-theme-analysing-popular-music/femininity-and-vocal-subjectivity-in-metal-floor-jansens-negotiations-of-expressive-space/
  • Burrell, Stephen R. 2018. “The Contradictory Possibilities of Engaging Men and Boys in the Prevention of Men’s Violence against Women in the UK.” Journal of Gender-Based Violence 2 (3): 447–464. doi:10.1332/239868018X15375304850617.
  • Carter, Cynthia. 1998. “When the ‘Extraordinary Becomes Ordinary’: Everyday News of Sexual Violence.” In News, Gender and Power, edited by Cynthia Carter, Gillian Anne Branston, and Stuart Allan, 219–232. London: Routledge.
  • Clifford-Napoleone, Amber. 2015. Queerness in Heavy Metal Music: Metal Bent. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Connell, Raewyn. 1995. Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Connell, R. W., and James W. Messerschmidt. 2005. “Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept.” Gender & Society 19 (6): 829–859. doi:10.1177/0891243205278639.
  • De Boise, Sam. 2014. “Cheer up Emo Kid: Rethinking the “Crisis of Masculinity” in Emo.” Popular Music 33 (2): 225–242. doi:10.1017/S0261143014000300.
  • De Lauretis, Teresa. 1987. Technologies of Gender: Essays on Theory, Film, and Fiction. Vol. 441. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
  • Delphy, Christine. 1993. “Rethinking Sex and Gender.” Women’s Studies International Forum 16 (1): 1–9.
  • Dragiewicz, Molly. 2011. Equality with a Vengeance: Men’s Rights Groups, Battered Women, and Antifeminist Backlash. Boston: UPNE.
  • Fileborn, Bianca. 2016. Reclaiming the Night-time Economy: Unwanted Sexual Attention in Pubs and Clubs. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Flood, Michael. 2019. Engaging Men and Boys in Violence Prevention. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Grazian, David. 2007. “The Girl Hunt: Urban Nightlife and the Performance of Masculinity as Collective Activity.” Symbolic Interaction 30 (2): 221–243. doi:10.1525/si.2007.30.2.221.
  • Gunnarsson, Lena. 2018. “‘Excuse Me, but are You Raping Me Now?’ Discourse and Experience in (The Grey Areas Of) Sexual Violence.” NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 26 (1): 4–18. doi:10.1080/08038740.2017.1395359.
  • Hall, Stuart, ed. 1997. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. Milton Keynes: Open University.
  • Heberle, Reϩe, and Victoria Grace. 2009. Theorizing Sexual Violence. New York: Routledge.
  • Heesch, Florian, and Niall Scott. 2016. Heavy Metal, Gender and Sexuality: Interdisciplinary Approaches. Edited by Florian Heesch and Niall Scott. London: Routledge.
  • Hill, Rosemary Lucy. 2016. Gender, Metal and the Media: Women Fans and the Gendered Experience of Music. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hill, Rosemary Lucy, and Heather Savigny. 2019. “Sexual Violence and Free Speech in Popular Music.” Popular Music 38 (2): 237–251. doi:10.1017/S0261143019000096.
  • Jackson, Stevi. 1999. Heterosexuality in Question. London: Sage.
  • Jackson, Sue. 2001. “Happily Never After: Young Women’s Stories of Abuse in Heterosexual Love Relationships.” Feminism & Psychology 11 (3): 305–321. doi:10.1177/0959353501011003004.
  • Jarman-Ivens, Freya. 2011. Queer Voices: Technologies, Vocalities, and the Musical Flaw. 1st ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kahn-Harris, Keith. 2003. “Death Metal and the Limits of Musical Expression.” In Policing Pop, edited by Martin Cloonan and Reebee Garofalo, 81–99. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Kearney, Mary Celeste. 2017. Gender and Rock. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Kelly, Liz. 1988. Surviving Sexual Violence. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Lafrance, Mélisse. 2002. “A Cultural Studies Approach to Women and Popular Music.” In Disruptive Divas: Feminism, Identity & Popular Music, edited by Lori Burns and Mélisse Lafrance, 1–30. New York: Routledge.
  • Leonard, Marion. 2007. Gender in the Music Industry: Rock, Discourse and Girl Power. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Millett, Kate. 1971. Sexual Politics. London: Rupert Hart-Davis.
  • Mitchell, Wendy S., Alan M. Rubin, and Daniel V. West. 2001. “Differences in Aggression, Attitudes toward Women, and Distrust as Reflected in Popular Music Preferences.” Media Psychology 3 (1): 25–42. doi:10.1207/S1532785XMEP0301_02.
  • Morgan, Joan. 1999. When Chickenheads Come Home to Roost: My Life as a Hip-hop Feminist. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Mulvey, Laura. 1975. “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema.” Screen 16 (3): 6–18. doi:10.1093/screen/16.3.6.
  • Nault, Curran. 2017. Queercore: Queer Punk Media Subculture. New York: Routledge.
  • Nguyen, Mimi T. 2012. “Race, Riot Grrrl, and Revival.” Women & Performance: A Journal of Feminist Theory 22 (2–3): 173–196. doi:10.1080/0740770X.2012.721082.
  • Nussbaum, Martha Craven. 1999. Sex & Social Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • O’Connor, Roisin. 2017. “Architects Singer Sam Carter Calls Out Man ‘Who Grabbed Fan’s Breast while She Was Crowdsurfing’.” The Independent. Accessed August 19, 2017. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/architects-gig-sam-carter-crowdsurfer-video-lowlands-festival-sexual-assault-grope-latest-a7901606.html
  • Powell, Anastasia, and Nicola Henry. 2014. “Framing Sexual Violence Prevention: What Does It Mean to Challenge a Rape Culture?” In Preventing Sexual Violence: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Overcoming a Rape Culture, edited by Nicola Henry and Anastasia Powell, 1–21. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Projansky, Sarah. 2001. Watching Rape: Film and Television in Postfeminist Culture. New York: New York University Press.
  • Quadara, Antonia. 2014. “The Everydayness of Rape: How Understanding Sexual Assault Perpetration Can Inform Prevention Efforts.” In Preventing Sexual Violence: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Overcoming a Rape Culture, edited by Nicola Henry and Anastasia Powell, 41–63. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Rat. [1970] 2013. “Cock Rock: Men Always Seem to End up on Top.” In The Rock History Reader, edited by Theo Cateforis, 119–124. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Rentschler, Carrie A. 2014. “Rape Culture and the Feminist Politics of Social Media.” Girlhood Studies 7 (1): 65–82. doi:10.3167/ghs.2014.070106.
  • Romano, Tricia. 2013. “‘Blurred Lines,’ Robin Thicke’s Summer Anthem, Is Kind of Rapey.” Daily Beast (blog), June 07. Accessed February 05, 2019. https://www.thedailybeast.com/blurred-lines-robin-thickes-summer-anthem-is-kind-of-rapey
  • Savigny, Heather, and Sam Sleight. 2015. “Postfeminism and Heavy Metal in the United Kingdom: Sexy or Sexist?” Metal Music Studies 1 (3): 341–357. doi:10.1386/mms.1.3.341_1.
  • Shadrack, Jasmine. 2017. “From Enslavement to Obliteration: Extreme Metal’s Problem with Women.” In Under My Thumb: Songs that Hate Women and the Women Who Love Them, edited by Rhian E. Jones and Eli Davies, 170–184. London: Repeater Books.
  • Sharp, Megan, and Steven Threadgold. 2019. “Defiance Labour and Reflexive Complicity: Illusio and Gendered Marginalisation in DIY Punk Scenes.” Sociological Review. 68 (3): 606–622.
  • Showalter, Elaine. 1987. The Female Malady: Women, Madness and English Culture 18301980. London: Virago.
  • Sloat, Lisa J. 1998. “Incubus: Male Songwriters’ Portrayals of Women’s Sexuality.” In Youth Culture: Identity in a Postmodern World, edited by Jonathon S. Epstein, 286–301. Malden: Blackwell.
  • Soothill, Keith, and Sylvia Walby. 1991. Sex Crime in the News. London: Routledge.
  • Spracklen, Karl. 2020. Metal Music and the Re-imagining of Masculinity, Place, Race and Nation. Bingley: Emerald.
  • St Lawrence, Janet S., and Doris J. Joyner. 1991. “The Effects of Sexually Violent Rock Music on Males’ Acceptance of Violence against Women.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 15 (1): 49–63. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1991.tb00477.x.
  • Tuchman, Gaye. 1978. “The Symbolic Annihilation of Women.” In Hearth and Home: Images of Women in the Mass Media, edited by Gaye Tuchman, Arlene Kaplan Daniels, and James Walker Benét, and Foundation National Science, 3–38. New York: Oxford University.
  • United Nations. 1993. Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women. edited by General Assembly resolution 48/104 of 20 December 1993.
  • UN News. 2019. “A Staggering One-in-three Women, Experience Physical, Sexual Abuse.” UN News (blog), November 24. Accessed April 24, 2020. https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/11/1052041
  • Ussher, Jane. 1991. Women’s Madness: Misogyny or Mental Illness? London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Vasan, Sonia. 2011. “The Price of Rebellion: Gender Boundaries in the Death Metal Scene.” Journal for Cultural Research 15 (3): 333–349. doi:10.1080/14797585.2011.594587.
  • Vasan, Sonia. 2016. “Gender and Power in the Death Metal Scene: A Social Exchange Perspective.” In Global Metal Music and Culture: Current Directions in Metal Studies, edited by Andy R. Brown, Karl Spracklen, Keith Kahn-Harris, and Niall Scott, 261–276. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Walser, Robert. 1993. Running with the Devil: Power, Gender, and Madness in Heavy Metal Music. Hannover, NH: University Press of New England.
  • Whiteley, Sheila. 2000. Women and Popular Music: Sexuality, Identity, and Subjectivity. New York: Routledge.
  • Williams, Sarah F. 2007. “A Walking Open Wound: Emo Rock and the “Crisis” of Masculinity in America.” In Oh Boy! Masculinities and Popular Music, edited by Freya Jarman-Ivens, 145–160. New York: Routledge.
  • Zimmerman, Amy 2018. “Inside an Alleged Abusive Emo ‘Sex Cult’: ‘None of These Poor Girls Could Say No’.” Daily Beast (blog), June 20. Accessed June 26, 2019. https://www.thedailybeast.com/inside-an-alleged-abusive-emo-sex-cult-none-of-these-poor-girls-could-say-no

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.