Young people’s expressed needs for Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Ecuadorian schools

References

• Allen, L. 2001. “Closing Sex Education’s Knowledge/Practice Gap: The Reconceptualisation of Young People’s Sexual Knowledge.” Sex Education 1 (2): 109–122.10.1080/14681810120052542
   Google Scholar
• Allen, L. 2005. “‘Say Everything’: Exploring Young People’s Suggestions for Improving Sexuality Education.” Sex Education 5 (4): 389–404.10.1080/14681810500278493
   Google Scholar
• Allen, L. 2008. “‘They Think You Shouldn’t be Having Sex Anyway’: Young People’s Suggestions for Improving Sexuality Education Content.” Sexualities 11 (5): 573–594.10.1177/1363460708089425
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arguillas, M. J., and L. Williams. 2010. “The Impact of Parents’ Overseas Employment on Educational Outcomes of Filipino Children.” International Migration Review 44 (2): 300–319.10.1111/(ISSN)1747-7379
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asbourne, L., L. Baker, and C. Male. 2002. Ambiguous Loss in Young people: Increasing Understanding to Enhance Intervention. Ontario: SIGMA.
   Google Scholar
• Bay-Cheng, L. Y. 2003. “The Trouble of Teen Sex: The Construction of Adolescent Sexuality Through School-based Sexuality Education.” Sex Education 3 (1): 61–74.10.1080/1468181032000052162
   Google Scholar
• Bearinger, L., R. Sieving, J. Ferguson, and V. Sharma. 2007. “Global Perspectives on the Sexual and Reproductive Health of Adolescents: Patterns, Prevention, and Potential.” The Lancet 369 (9568): 1220–1231.10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60367-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradshaw, J. 1994. “The Conceptualization and Measurement of Need: A Social Policy Perspective.” In Researching the People’s Health, edited by J. Popay and G. Williams, 45–57. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Braeken, D., and M. Cardinal. 2008. “Comprehensive Sexuality Education as a Means of Promoting Sexual Health.” International Journal of Sexual Health 20 (1–2): 50–62.10.1080/19317610802157051
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bugeja R. 2010. “Assesing Learning Needs Related to Sexuality and Relationships in the Maltese Islands.” http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/73625/1.hasCoversheetVersion/Bugejathesis.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Carrillo, M.C. 2005. “El espejo distante. Construcciones de la migración en los jóvenes hijos e hijas de emigrantes ecuatorianos.” [The distant mirror. Constructions of migration in young children of ecuadorian emigrants.] In La Migración Ecuatoriana: transnacionalismo, redes e identidades, edited by G. Herrera, M. C. Carrillo, and A. Torres, 361–373. Quito: FLACSO Ecuador.
   Google Scholar
• Chandra-Mouli, V., J. Svanemyr, A. Amin, H. Fogstad, L. Say, F. Girard, and M. Temmerman. 2015. “Twenty Years After International Conference on Population and Development: Where Are We With Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights?” Journal of Adolescent Health 56 (1): S1–S6.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.09.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chedraui, P., L. Hidalgo, M. Chávez, and G. San Miguel. 2004. “Determinant Factors in Ecuador Related to Pregnancy among Young People Aged 15 or Less.” Journal of Perinatal Medicine 32 (4): 337–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortes, R. 2008. Children and Women Left Behind in Labour Sending Countries: An Appraisal of Social Risks. New York: UNICEF.
   Google Scholar
• Cortina, J. 2014. “Beyond the Money: The Impact of International Migration on Children’s Life Satisfaction: Evidence from Ecuador and Albania.” Migration and Development 3 (1): 1–19.10.1080/21632324.2014.885635
   Google Scholar
• Darré, S., E. Jerves, J. Castillo, and P. Enzlin. 2015. “Sexuality Education in Latin America.” In Evidence-based Approaches to Sexuality Education: A Global Perspective, edited by J. Ponzetti, 277–291. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Denno, D. M., A. J. Hoopes, and V. Chandra-Mouli. 2015. “Effective Strategies to Provide Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Services and to Increase Demand and Community Support.” Journal of Adolescent Health 56 (1): S22–S41.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.09.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, B. J., J. Bates, K. Dodge, D. Fergusson, L. John Horwood, G. S. Pettit, and L. Woodward. 2003. “Does Father Absence Place Daughters at Special Risk for Early Sexual Activity and Teenage Pregnancy?” Child Development 74 (3): 801–821.10.1111/cdev.2003.74.issue-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrest, S., V. Strange, A. Oakley, and RIPPLE Study Team. 2004. “What Do Young People Want from Sex Education? The Results of a Needs Assessment from a Peer-led Sex Education Programme.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 6 (4): 337–354.10.1080/13691050310001645050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Aracil, A., and C. Winter. 2006. “Gender and Ethnicity Differentials in School Attainment and Labor Market Earnings in Ecuador.” World Development 34 (2): 289–307.10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia, F. 2013. “¿ Un Nuevo Modelo Rural En Ecuador? Cambios y permanencias en los espacios rurales en la era de la globalización.” [A new rural model in Ecuador? Changes and continuities in rural areas in the age of Globalization.] Íconos-Revista de Ciencias Sociales (29): 77–93.10.17141/iconos.29.2007.242
   Google Scholar
• Geer, J. H., and G. G. Robertson. 2005. “Implicit Attitudes in Sexuality: Gender Differences.” Archives of Sexual Behavior 34 (6): 671–677.10.1007/s10508-005-7923-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haberland, N., and D. Rogow. 2015. “Sexuality Education: Emerging Trends in Evidence and Practice.” Journal of Adolescent Health 56 (1): S15–S21.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helmer, J., K. Senior, B. Davison, and A. Vodic. 2015. “Improving Sexual Health for Young People: Making Sexuality Education a Priority.” Sex Education 15 (2): 158–171.10.1080/14681811.2014.989201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirst, J. 2008. “Developing Sexual Competence? Exploring Strategies for the Provision of Effective Sexualities and Relationships Education.” Sex Education 8 (4): 399–413.10.1080/14681810802433929
   Google Scholar
• INEC. 2010. “Resultados Censo Azuay 2010.” [Azuay census results.] http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/wp-content/descargas/Manu-lateral/Resultados-provinciales/azuay.pdf
   Google Scholar
• INEC. 2014. “Encuesta Nacional de Relaciones Familiares y Violencia de Genero contra las Mujeres.” [National survey of Family Relations and Gender Violence against women.] http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/violencia-de-genero/
   Google Scholar
• IPPF (International Planned Parenthood Federation). 2009. From Evidence to Action: Advocating for Comprehensive Sexuality Education. London: International Planned Parenthood Federation.
   Google Scholar
• IPPF (International Planned Parenthood Federation). 2010. Framework for Comprehensive Sexuality Education. London: International Planned Parenthood Federation.
   Google Scholar
• Jaccard, J., T. Dodge, and P. Dittus. 2002. “Parent-adolescent Communication About Sex and Birth Control: A Conceptual Framework.” New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 2002 (97): 9–42.10.1002/(ISSN)1534-8687
   Google Scholar
• Jerves, E., L. De Haene, P. Enzlin, and P. Rober. 2016. “Adolescents’ Lived Experiences of Close Relationships in the Context of Transnational Families.” Journal of Adolescent Research, August 11 2016. doi:10.1177/0743558416664027
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jerves, E., S. López, C. Castro, W. Ortiz, M. Palacios, P. Rober, and P. Enzlin. 2014. “Understanding Parental Views of Adolescent Sexuality and Sex Education in Ecuador: A Qualitative Study.” Sex Education 14 (1): 14–27.10.1080/14681811.2013.814034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jokhan, M. 2008. “Parental Absence as a Consequence of Migration: Reviewing the Literature.” Social and Economic Studies 57 (2): 89–117.
   Google Scholar
• Kirby, D. 2002. “The Impact of Schools and School Programs Upon Adolescent Sexual Behavior.” Journal of Sex Research 39 (1): 27–33.10.1080/00224490209552116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesko, N. 2001. Act Your Age!: A Cultural Construction of Adolescence. New York: Routledge Falmer.
   Google Scholar
• Linacre, J. M. 2002. “Optimizing Rating Scale Category Effectiveness.” Journal of Applied Measurement 3 (1): 85–106.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marchetti-Mercer, M. C. 2012. “Those Easily Forgotten: The Impact of Emigration on Those Left Behind.” Family Process 51 (3): 376–390.10.1111/famp.2012.51.issue-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthias, R., J. Lubben, K. Atchison, and S. Schweitzer. 1997. “Sexual Activity and Satisfaction Among Very Old Adults: Results From a Community-Dwelling Medicare Population Survey.” The Gerontologist 37 (1): 6–14.10.1093/geront/37.1.6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGeeney, E., and M. J. Kehily. 2016. “Young People and Sexual Pleasure – Where are We Now?” Sex Education 16 (3): 235–239.10.1080/14681811.2016.1147149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Measor, L. 2004. “Young People’s Views of Sex Education: Gender, Information and Knowledge.” Sex Education 4 (2): 153–166.10.1080/14681810410001678338
   Google Scholar
• MSE (Ministerio de Salud del Ecuador). 2012. “Embarazo Adolescente y Fecundidad en Cifras.” [Teen Pregnancy and Fertility in Figures.] http://instituciones.msp.gob.ec/misalud/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=668:embarazo-adolescente-y-fecundidad-en-cifras&catid=51:mi-salud-al-dia&Itemid=242
   Google Scholar
• Mkumbo, K. 2010. “What Tanzanian Young People Want to Know About Sexual Health; Implications for School-based Sex and Relationships Education.” Sex Education 10 (4): 405–412.10.1080/14681811.2010.515097
   Google Scholar
• O’Higgins, S., and S. N. Gabhainn. 2010. “Youth Participation in Setting the Agenda: Learning Outcomes for Sex Education in Ireland.” Sex Education 10 (4): 387–403.10.1080/14681811.2010.515096
   Google Scholar
• Olwig, K. F. 1999. “Narratives of the Children Left Behind: Home and Identity in Globalised Caribbean Families.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 25 (2): 267–284.10.1080/1369183X.1999.9976685
   Google Scholar
• Ortiz, R., and V. Guerra. 2008. Caracterización sociodemográfica y económica de las y los emigrantes ecuatorianos [Sociodemographic and economic profile of Ecuadorian migrants]. Quito: INEC.
   Google Scholar
• Parreñas, R. 2005. “Long Distance Intimacy: Class, Gender and Intergenerational Relations between Mothers and Children in Filipino Transnational Families.” Global Networks 5 (4): 317–336.10.1111/glob.2005.5.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platin, D. 2003. “Working Towards Empowerment and Gender Equality in the Rural Andes of Ecuador.” http://repositorio.usfq.edu.ec/handle/23000/2383
   Google Scholar
• Pribilsky, J. 2001. “Nervios and ‘Modern Childhood’ Migration and Shifting Contexts of Child Life in the Ecuadorian Andes.” Childhood 8 (2): 251–273.10.1177/0907568201008002007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rijsdijk, L., R. Lie, A. Bos, J. Leerlooijer, and G. Kok. 2013. “Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights: Implications for Comprehensive Sex Education Among Young People in Uganda.” Sex Education 13 (4): 409–422.10.1080/14681811.2012.747432
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez, X., and X. De Cordero. 2008. “Reflexiones Sobre Educación Sexual Desde Una Perspectiva Holística.” [Reflections on Sexual Education from an holistic perspective.] Revista Iberoamericana de Educación 45 (1): 4.
   Google Scholar
• Santelli, J., M. Ott, M. Lyon, J. Rogers, D. Summers, and R. Schleifer. 2006. “Abstinence and Abstinence-only Education: A Review of U.S. Policies and Programs.” Journal of Adolescent Health 38 (1): 72–81.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SICREMI (Continuos Reporting System on International Migration in the Americas). 2014. “Ecuador-Overview of the History of International Migration in Ecuador.” http://www.migracionoea.org/index.php/en/sicremi-en/269-ecuador-1-si-ntesis-histo-rica-de-las-migracio-n-internacional-en-ecuador-2.html
   Google Scholar
• Schutt-Aine, J., and M. Maddaleno. 2003. Salud sexual y desarrollo de adolescentes y jóvenes en las Americas. Implicaciones en programas y políticas [Sexual Health and Development of Young People in the Americas. Implications for Programs and Policies]. Washington, DC: Organización Panamericana de la Salud.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, S., D. Wulf, R. Samara, and Y. P. Cuca. 2000. “Gender Differences in the Timing of First Intercourse: Data from 14 Countries.” International Family Planning Perspectives 26 (1): 21–43.10.2307/2648286
   Google Scholar
• Thurman, T. R., L. Brown, L. Richter, P. Maharaj, and R. Magnani. 2006. “Sexual Risk Behavior among South African Adolescents: Is Orphan Status a Factor?” AIDS & Behavior 10 (6): 627–635.10.1007/s10461-006-9104-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNESCO. 2015. “Emerging Evidence, Lessons and Practice in Comprehensive Sexuality Education. A Global Review.” http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002431/243106e.pdf
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. 2010. “Children and International Migration in Latin America and the Caribbean.” In Challenges, Newsletter on progress towards de Millennium Development Goals from a child rights perspective. Santiago. https://www.unicef.org/lac/challenges-11-cepal-unicef.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vaggione, J. M. 2013. “Families Beyond Heteronormativity.” In Gender and Sexuality in Latin America-cases and Decisions, edited by C. Motta and M. Saez, 233–277. Netherlands: Springer.10.1007/978-94-007-6199-5
   Google Scholar
• Valtolina, G., and C. Colombo. 2012. “Psychological Well-being, Family Relations, and Developmental Issues of Children Left Behind.” Psychological Reports 111 (3): 905–925. doi:10.2466/21.10.17.PR0.111.6.905-928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viveros, M. 2009. “La Sexualización de la raza y la racialización de la sexualidad en el contexto Latinoamericano actual.” Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Familia 1: 63–81.
   Google Scholar
• Voeten, H., O. Egesah, and J. D. Habbema. 2004. “Sexual Behavior is More Risky in Rural than in Urban Areas Among Young Women in Nyanza Province, Kenya.” Sexually Transmitted Diseases 31 (8): 481–487.10.1097/01.olq.0000135989.14131.9d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO and FCHE (Federal Center for Health Education). 2010. Standards for Sexuality Education in Europe. Vol. 1. Cologne: Bramsche Rasch.
   Google Scholar