Norms as a rhetorical competition: Soviet–American confrontations over Cuba, 1970–85FootnoteMichael Griesdorf is a political affairs officer with the United Nations. He received his PhD from Harvard University in 2006.

Michael Griesdorf is a political affairs officer with the United Nations. He received his PhD from Harvard University in 2006.

References

• Axelrod , Robert . 1984 . The Evolution of Cooperation , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Bakaev , I. ‘Memorandum from the Head of the Soviet Merchant Fleet to the CC CPSU’ . Cold War International History Project. Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center , 12 December 1962. 5034EE75-96B6-175C-9B59F8B593CD616B
   Google Scholar
• Blechman , Barry and Levinson , Stephanie . 1975 . The Umpteenth Confrontation – Soviet Submarines Visits to Cuba . United States Naval Institute Proceedings , 101 ( 9 ) : 32 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown, Harold. ‘Demarche to Soviets on MiG 23s’. National Security Archive, 12 November 1978: Document 03279.
   Google Scholar
• Brzezinski , Zbignew . 1983 . Power and Principle , New York : Farar, Straus, Giroux .
   Google Scholar
• Bundy, McGeorge. ‘Brigade's My Fault’. New York Times, 23 October 1979.
   Google Scholar
• Carter , Jimmy . 1979 . “ The President's News Conference of Nov. 30, 1978 ” . In Public Papers of the Presidents , Washington : United States Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Carter , Jimmy . 1980 . “ Question and Answer Session at a Town Meeting with Residents of the Borough of Queens. Sept. 25, 1979 ” . In Public Papers of the Presidents , Washington : United States Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Carter , Jimmy . 1980 . “ Peace and National Security. Oct. 1, 1979 ” . In Public Papers of the Presidents , Washington : United States Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Carter , Jimmy . 1982 . Keeping Faith , New York : Bantam Books .
   Google Scholar
• Casey , William . 8 March 1982 . The Real Threat in El Salvador – and Beyond . US News and World Report , 92 : 23 – 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Chayes , Abram and Chayes , Antonia . 1993 . On Compliance . International Organization , 47 ( 2 ) : 175 – 206 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Checkel , Jeffrey . 1999 . Social Construction and Integration . Journal of European Public Policy , 6 ( 4 ) : 545 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Checkel , Jeffrey . 2001 . Why Comply? Social Learning and European Identity Change . International Organization , 55 ( 3 ) : 553 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleveland, Harland. ‘Conversation with Mr. McCloy on Cuba’. National Security Archive, 25 November 1962: Document 2588.
   Google Scholar
• Clines, Francis. ‘President Accuses Soviets on ’62 Pact’. New York Times, 15 September 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Cortell , Andrew and Davis , James . 2000 . Understanding the Domestic Impact of International Norms: A Research Agenda . International Studies Review , 2 ( 1 ) : 65 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Dobrynin , Anatoly . 1995 . In Confidence , New York : Times Books .
   Google Scholar
• Evans, Rowland and Robert Novak. ‘Cuba's MiG 23s’. Washington Post, 15 November 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Fearon , James . 1994 . Domestic Political Audiences and the Escalation of International Disputes . American Political Science Review , 99 ( 3 ) : 577 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Fierke , K. M. and Antje Wiener . 1999 . Constructing Institutional Interests: EU and NATO Enlargement . Journal of European Public Policy , 5 : 721 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Finnemore , Martha and Sikkink , Kathryn . 1998 . International Norm Dynamics and Political Change . International Organization , 52 ( 4 ) : 887 – 917 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garthoff, Raymond. ‘Considerations in Defining Weapons Which Must Be Removed from Cuba’. National Security Archive, 29 October 1962: Document 01652.
   Google Scholar
• Garthoff , Raymond . 1980 . American Reaction to Soviet Aircraft in Cuba, 1962 and 1978 . Political Science Quarterly , 95 ( 3 ) : 427 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garthoff , Raymond . 1983 . Handling the Cienfuegos Crisis . International Security , 8 ( 1 ) : 46 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garthoff , Raymond . 1988 . Cuban Missile Crisis: The Soviet Story . Foreign Policy , 72 : 61 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Garthoff , Raymond . 1989 . Reflections on the Cuban Missile Crisis , Washington : Brookings Institution .
   Google Scholar
• Garthoff , Raymond . 1994 . Détente and Confrontation: American–Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan , Washington : Brookings Institution .
   Google Scholar
• Giddens , Anthony . 1979 . Central Problems in Social Theory , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gromyko , Andrei . Cold War International History Project , Washington : Woodrow Wilson Center . 15 November 1962. 5034EE27-96B6-175C-9A9ECBF3C0DE0487
   Google Scholar
• Gromyko , Andrei . 1989 . Memories , London : Hutchinson .
   Google Scholar
• Alexander , Haig Jr. 1979 . Inner Circles , New York : MacMillan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hilsman , Roger . 1967 . To Move a Nation , Garden City, NY : Doubleday .
   Google Scholar
• Hurrell , Andrew . 1993 . “ International Society and the Study of Regimes: A Reflective Approach ” . In Regime Theory and International Relations , Edited by: Rittberger , V. 49 – 72 . London : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Johnstone , Ian . 2003 . Security Council Deliberations: The Power of the Better Argument . European Journal of International Law , 14 ( 3 ) : 437 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Katzenstein , Peter . 1996 . Cultural Norms and National Security: Policy and Military Power in Postwar Japan , Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Katzenstein , Peter , ed. 1996 . The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics , New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Keesings Contemporary Archives: Record of World Events. ‘Soviet Denial of Reports of Submarine Base in Cuba.’ Volume XVII, January (1971): 24, 412.
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy , John . 1963 . “ Radio and Television Report to the American People on the Soviet Arms Buildup in Cuba, October 22, 1962 ” . In Public Papers of the Presidents , Washington : United States Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy , John . 1963 . “ Proclamation 3504: Interdiction of the Delivery of Offensive Weapons to Cuba, October 23, 1962 ” . In Public Papers of the Presidents , Washington : United States Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy , John . 1963 . “ The President's News Conference of Nov. 20, 1962 ” . In Public Papers of the Presidents , Washington : United States Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy , John and Khrushchev , Nikita . 1973 . Messages Exchanged by President Kennedy and Chairman Khrushchev During the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 . Department of State Bulletin , 69
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy , Robert . 1968 . Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missiles Crisis , New York : W.W. Norton and Company .
   Google Scholar
• Kissinger , Henry . 1979 . White House Years , Boston : Little, Brown and Company .
   Google Scholar
• Kissinger , Henry . 1982 . Years of Upheaval , Boston : Little, Brown and Company .
   Google Scholar
• Kratochwil , Friedrich . 2000 . “ How do Norms Matter? ” . In The Role of Law in International Politics: Essays in International Relations and International Law , Edited by: Byers , M. 35 – 68 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Krebs , Ronald and Jackson , Patrick . 2007 . Twisting Tongues and Twisting Arms: The Power of Political Rhetoric . European Journal of International Relations , 13 ( 1 ) : 35 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuznetsov , V. V. and V , A. “ Telegram from Soviet Envoys in New York V.V. Kuznetsov and V.A. Zorin to USSR Foreign Ministry ” . In Cold War International History Project , Washington : Woodrow Wilson Center . 6 November 1962. 5034EDC9-96B6-175C-9AE22D4A29AB383B
   Google Scholar
• Maoz , Zeev and Russett , Bruce . 1993 . Normative and Structural Causes of Democratic Peace, 1946–1986 . American Political Science Review , 87 ( 3 ) : 624 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCloy, John. ‘Meeting between McCloy and Kuznetsov, Sunday November 18, 1962’. National Security Archive, 19 November 1962: Document 02462.
   Google Scholar
• Newsom, David. ‘Soviet Ground Unit in Cuba’. National Security Archive, 31 August 1979: Document 03290.
   Google Scholar
• NewsomDavid ‘Statement Before the Committee on Foreign Relations (classified)’. National Security Archive, 5 September 1979: Document 03293.
   Google Scholar
• Nixon , Richard . 1972 . Public Papers of the Presidents , Washington : United States Government Printing Office . The President's News Conference of February 17, 1971
   Google Scholar
• Nixon , Richard . 1978 . RN: Memoirs , New York : Gosset and Dunlap .
   Google Scholar
• Oberdorfer, Dan. ‘Cuban Crisis Mishandled, Insiders and Outsiders Agree’. The Washington Post, 16 October 1979.
   Google Scholar
• Owen , John . 1994 . How Liberalism Produces Democratic Peace . International Security , 19 ( 2 ) : 87 – 125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oye , Ken , ed. 1986 . Cooperation Under Anarchy , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Powell , Robert . 1994 . Anarchy and International Relations Theory: The Neorealist-Neoliberal Debate . International Organization , 48 ( 2 ) : 313 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Prados , John . 1991 . Keepers of the Keys , New York : William Morrow and Company .
   Google Scholar
• Price , Richard . 1988 . Reversing the Gun Sights: Transnational Civil Society Targets Land Mines . International Organization , 52 ( 3 ) : 613 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Reagan , Ronald . 1984 . “ Remarks and a Question and Answer Session with Writers for Hispanic, Religious, and Labor Publications. Sept. 14, 1983 ” . In Public Papers of the Presidents , Washington : United States Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Reagan , Ronald . 1986 . “ Radio Address to the Nation on Tax Reform and the Situation in Nicaragua. Dec. 14, 1985 ” . In Public Papers of the Presidents , Washington : United States Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Rusk , Dean . 1990 . As I Saw It , New York : W.W. Norton and Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Schelling , Thomas . 1960 . The Strategy of Conflict , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schimmelfennig , Frank . 2001 . The Community Trap: Liberal Norms, Rhetorical Action, and the Eastern Enlargement of the European Union . International Organization , 55 ( 1 ) : 47 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , Wayne and Morales Dominguez , Esteban , eds. 1988 . Subject to Solution: Problems in Cuban–US Relations , Boulder, CO : Lynne Rienner Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Sorenson , Theodore . 1965 . Kennedy , New York : Harper and Row .
   Google Scholar
• Stevenson, Adlai. ‘Summary of McCloy–Kuznetsov Conversation November 5’. National Security Archive, 6 November 1962, Document 1635.
   Google Scholar
• StevensonAdlai ‘Draft Text of Cuban Missile Crisis Agreement for United Nations’. National Security Archive, 26 November 1962: Document 2588.
   Google Scholar
• StevensonAdlai ‘United States–Soviet Understandings Concerning the Presence of Offensive Weapons in Cuba’. National Security Archive, 19 November 1978, Document 0281 and 0280.
   Google Scholar
• Sulzberger, C. L. ‘Ugly Clouds in the South’. New York Times, 25 September 1970.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , Charles . 1993 . “ To Follow a Rule… ” . In Bourdieu: Critical Perspectives , Edited by: Calchoun , C. , LiPuma , E. and Postpone , M. 45 – 60 . Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Vance, Cyrus. ‘Secretary's Letter July 27, 1979: Western Hemisphere: Soviet Combat Troops in Cuba, released texts’. State Department Bulletin, no. 2031 (October 1979).
   Google Scholar
• Vance , Cyrus . 1983 . Hard Choices , New York : Simon and Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Weiner , Antje . 2004 . Contested Compliance: Interventions on the Normative Structure of World Politics . European Journal of International Relations , 10 ( 2 ) : 189 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wendt , Alexander . 1999 . Social Theory of International Politics , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar