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Original Articles

4 Greece and Turkey in the Balkans: Cooperation or Rivalry?

Pages 45-60 | Published online: 01 Aug 2011

NOTES

  • Lopandiæ , Du[sbreve]ko . 2001 . Regional Initiatives in South Eastern Europe 45 Belgrade : European Movement in Serbia . The “Balkan Agreement Pact” of February 1934 between Greece, Romania, Yugoslavia and Turkey was one of the great instances of Balkan cooperation, and was turned down by Bulgaria and Albania. The latter two countries refused to accept the territorial status quo in the Balkans and moved closer to Italy and Hungary.See
  • Veremis , Thanos . 1995 . Greece s Balkan Entanglement 39 Athens : ELIAMEP . Andreas Papandreou's idea for a Balkan Nuclear Free Zone in 1984 was resisted by NATO members who insisted that the Balkan region should not be separated from the rest of Europe for the purposes of arms control and disarmament.See
  • Petersen , Nikolaj . 1998 . “National Perspectives in the Integration Dilemma: An Adaptation Approach,” . Journal of Common Market Studies , 36 ( No.1 ) March : 33 – 54 .
  • Anastasakis , Othon and Bojicic-Dzelilovic , Vesna . 2002 . Balkan Regional Cooperation and European Integration London : The Hellenic Observatory . (see <http://www.1se.ac.uk/collections/hellenicObservatory/pdf/brie.pdf>
  • Tsoukalis , Loukas . 1999 . “Greece: Like Any Other Country?” . The National Interest , Spring (<http://www.nationalinterest.org/ME2/default.asp>
  • Oğütçü , Mehmet . 2001 . “Turkey's New Economic Diplomacy: Balancing Commercial Interests with Geopolitical Goals,” . In Paper presented at a conference entitled “La Turquie dans les Politiques Europeène et Americaine,” organized by CERI, Paris, Dec. 10–11 4 – 5 .
  • Linz , Juan and Stepan , Alfred . 1996 . Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, Post-Communist Europe 5 Baltimore, MD and London : TheJohns Hopkins University Press .
  • Featherstone , Kevin and Kazamias , George . 2001 . Europeanization and the Southern Periphery London and Portland, OR : Frank Cass .
  • Hale , William . 2000 . “Economic Issues in Turkish Foreign Policy,” . In Turkey's New World: Changing Dynamics in Turkish Foreign Policy Edited by: Makovsky , Alan and Sayari , Sabri . 20 – 38 . Washington, DC : The Washington Institute for Near East Policy .
  • Robins , Philip . 2003 . Suits and Uniforms: Turkish Foreign Policy since the Cold War 101 London : Hurst .
  • Glenny , Misha . 1997 . “The Temptation of the Purgatory,” . In The Greek Paradox: Promise vs. Performance Edited by: Allison , Graham and Nicolaidis , Kalypso . 73 – 82 . Cambridge, MA and London : MIT Press . As Misha Glenny points out, during Samaras' tenure at the Greek Foreign Ministry, Greece attempted to portray itself as “the godfather of Balkan diplomacy” and “instead of exploiting the possibilities offered by the opening of the Balkans,” it alienated pro-Greek elements in Albania, FYR Macedonia and even Bulgaria.
  • Bahçeli , Tozun . 2000 . “Turkish Policy Towards Greece,” . In Turkeys New World: Changing Dynamics in Turkish Foreign Policy Edited by: Makovsky , Alan and Sayari , Sabri . 131 – 52 . Washington, DC : The Washington Institute for Near East Policy .
  • Wallden , Sotiris . 1996 . “La Politique Balkanique Grecque de 1990 a 1995,” . CSS Survey , Nos.7–8 (July-Aug. see <http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/2890/css-s6.html>
  • Kofos , Evangelos . “Greece's Macedonian Adventure: The Controversy over FYROM's Independence and Recognition,” . In Macedonian Heritage (an On-line Review of Macedonian Affairs, History and Culture); <http://www.macedonian-heritage.gr/Contributions/contr_Kofos19990705.html>
  • Crampton , Richard . 2002 . The Balkans since the Second World War 338 London : Pearson Education .
  • Robins . 2003 . 351
  • Kut , Sule . 2000 . “Turkish Policy Towards the Balkans,” in Makovsky and Sayari 74 – 91 .
  • For more information on the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, see <http://www.bsec.gov.tr>
  • Kramer , Heinz . 2000 . A Changing Turkey: The Challenge to Europe and the United States 153 Washington, DC : Brookings Institution .
  • Nye , Joseph S. Jr. 1997 . “Greece and the Balkans: A Moment of Opportunity,” . In Allison and Nicolaidis 145 – 50 . According to Joseph Nye Jr., soft power is the ability to get what you want by attracting and persuading others to adopt your goals rather than forcing them to do what you want them to do. Greece's soft power relies on its political integration with Western Europe and its economic integration into the global marketplace.
  • George Papandreou , A. 2001 . “Principles of Greek Foreign Policy,” . Mediterranean Quarterly , 12 ( No.1 ) Winter : 1 – 10 .
  • Kamaras , Antonis . 2001 . A Capitalist Diaspora: The Greeks in the Balkans, Discussion Paper No.4 London : The Hellenic Observatory . Companies like 3E, DELTA, CHIPITA, Hellenic Petroleum, Titan Cement, OTE, and large financial institutions like the National Bank of Greece or Alpha Bank and smaller banks like Xios Bank and Ionian Bank, established units in Bulgaria, Romania and elsewhere. (<http://www.Ise.ac.uk/collections/hellenicObservatory/pdf/KamarasDiscussionPaper4.pdf>
  • Oğütçü . 2001 . 6
  • Kagan , Robert . 2003 . Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order London : Atlantic Books . (passim.

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