Populist discourse, (counter-)mobilizations and democratic backsliding in Turkey

Bibliography

• Akcay, Umit. “Authoritarian Consolidation Dynamics in Turkey.” Contemporary Politics 27, no. 1 (2021): 79–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akyuz, Kadir, and Steve Hess. “Turkey Looks East: International Leverage and Democratic Backsliding in a Hybrid Regime.” Mediterranean Quarterly 29, no. 2 (2018): 1–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Ghazzi, Omar. “We Will be Great Again: Historical Victimhood in Populist Discourse.” European Journal of Cultural Studies 24, no. 1 (2021): 45–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander, Jeffrey C. Performance and Power. Cambridge: Polity, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Arslanalp, Mert, and Deniz Erkmen. “Mobile Emergency Rule in Turkey: Legal Repression of Protests During Authoritarian Transformation.” Democratization 27, no. 6 (2020): 947–969.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aslanidis, Paris. “Populism and Social Movements.” In The Oxford Handbook of Populism, edited by Cristobal Rovira Kaltwasser, Paul Taggart, Paulina Ochoa Espejo, and Pierre Ostiguy, 305–326. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Aydin-Duzgit, Senem. “De-Europeanisation through Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis of AKP’s Election Speeches.” South European Society and Politics 21, no. 1 (2016): 45–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aytac, S. Erdem, and Ezgi Elci. “Populism in Turkey.” In Populism Around the World, edited by Daniel Stockemer, 89–108. Cham: Springer, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Balkılıç, Özgür, and Fatma Armağan Teke Lloyd. “Does Islamic Inclusion of Syrians Represent a Real Challenge to Europe's Security Approach?: Dilemmas of the AKP's Syrian Refugee Discourse.” Turkish Studies 22, no. 3 (2021): 357–379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr, Robert R. “Populists, Outsiders and Anti-Establishment Politics.” Party Politics 15, no. 1 (2009): 29–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilgic, Ali. “Reclaiming the. National Will: Resilience of Turkish Authoritarian Neoliberalism after Gezi.” South European Society and Politics 23, no. 2 (2018): 259–280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binark, Mutlu, and Gunseli Bayraktutan. “Discursive Strategies and Political Hegemony in Turkish Politics: The Justice and Development Party’s #yedirmeyecegiz vs. #occupygezi.” In Authoritarian and Populist Influences in the New Media, edited by Sai Felicia Krishna-Hensel, 9–39. New York: Routledge, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Brubaker, Rogers. “Why Populism?” Theory and Society 46 (2017): 357–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulut, Ergin, and Erdem Yörük. “Mediatized Populisms| Digital Populism: Trolls and Political Polarization of Twitter in Turkey.” International Journal of Communication 11 (2017): 4093–4117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busby, Ethan C., Joshua R. Gubler, and Kirk A. Hawkins. “Framing and Blame Attribution in Populist Rhetoric.” The Journal of Politics 81, no. 2 (2019): 616–630.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceviker Gurakar, Esra, and Tuba Bircan. “Redistributive Politics, Clientelism, and Political Patronage under the AKP.” In Clientelism and Patronage in the Middle East and North Africa, edited by Laura Ruiz de Elvira, Christoph H. Schwarz, and Irene Weipert-Fenner, 71–98. London: Routledge, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Cinar, Menderes. “Turkey’s ‘Western’ or ‘Muslim’ Identity and the AKP’s Civilizational Discourse.” Turkish Sttudies 19, no. 2 (2018): 176–197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeHanas, Daniel Nilsson, and Marat Shterin. “Religion and the Rise of Populism.” Religion, State & Society 46, no. 3 (2018): 177–185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogan, Sevinc. Mahalledeki AKP:Parti Isleyisi, Taban Mobilizasyonu ve Siyasal Yabancilasma. Istanbul: Iletisim, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Earl, Jennifer. “Tanks, Tear Gas, and Taxes: Toward a Theory of Movement Repression.” Sociological Theory 21, no. 1 (2003): 44–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ercetin, Tugce. “Discursive Construction of Geography in Populist Mobilization: Superority or Victimhood?” Reflektif Journal of Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (2021): 223–248.
   Google Scholar
• Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip. Yeni Türkiye Vizyonu: Hayaldi Gercek Oldu -1. https://mk.gov.tr/GalleryFiles/242/Hayaldi,_Gerçek_Oldu_1_-_net-0a81da38-95bd-418f-afcc-29b904966250.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Erensu, Sinan, and Ayca Alemdaroglu. “Dialectics of Reform and Repression: Unpacking Turkey’s Authoritarian ‘Turn’.” Review of Middle East Studies 52, no. 2 (2018): 16–28.
   Google Scholar
• Esen, Berk, and Sebnem Gumuscu. “Building a Competitive Authoritarian Regime: State–Business Relations in the AKP’s Turkey.” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 20, no. 4 (2018): 349–372.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ete, Hatem, and Coskun Tastan. Kurgu ile Gerceklik Arasinda Gezi Eylemleri. Ankara: Seta Yayinlari, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Feldman, Stanley, and Karen Stenner. “Perceived Threat and Authoritarianism.” Political Pscyhology 18, no. 4 (1997): 741–770.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gumrukcu, Selin Bengi. “Ideology, Discourse, and Alliance Structures: Explaining Far-Right Political Violence in Turkey in the 1970s.” Terrorism and Political Violence, published on-line, March 2021. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2021.1895121.
   Google Scholar
• Gursoy, Yaprak. “Moving Beyond European and Latin American Typologies: The Peculiarities of AKP’s Populism in Turkey.” Journal of Contemporary Asia 51, no. 1 (2021): 157–178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins, Kirk A. “Is Chávez Populist?: Measuring Populist Discourse in Comparative Perspective.” Comparative Political Studies 42, no. 8 (2009): 1040–1067.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins, Kirk A., Rosario Aguilar, Erin Jenne, Bojana Kocijan, Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, and Bruno Castanho Silva. “Global Populism Database: Populism Dataset for Leaders 1.0.”, 2019. https://populism.byu.edu/Pages/Data.
   Google Scholar
• Hellmeier, Sebastian, and Nils B. Weidmann. “Pulling the Strings? The Strategic Use of Pro-Government Mobilization in Authoritarian Regimes.” Comparative Political Studies 53, no. 1 (2020): 71–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hintz, Lisel. “Adding Insult to Injury: Vilification as Counter-Mobilization in Turkey’s Gezi Protests.” POMEPS Studies 20 (2016): 56–61. http://pomeps.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/POMEPS_Studies_20_Mobilization_Web-REV.pdf#page=58.
   Google Scholar
• Jagers, Jan, and Stefan Walgrave. “Populism as Political Communication Style: An Empirical Study of Political Parties’ Discourse in Belgium.” European Journal of Political Research 46, no. 3 (2007): 319–345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kefford, Glenn, Benjamin Moffitt, and Annika Werner. “Populist Attitudes: Bringing Together Ideational and Communicative Approaches.” Political Studies, published on-line, March 2021, Doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321721997741.
   Google Scholar
• Ketchley, Nick. “Elite-led Protest and Authoritarian State Capture in Egypt.” POMEPS Studies 20 (2016): 34–37. http://pomeps.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/POMEPS_Studies_20_Mobilization_Web-REV.pdf#page=58.
   Google Scholar
• Koopmans, Ruud, and Paul Statham. “Ethnic and Civic Conceptions of Nationhood and the Differential Success of the Extreme Right in Germany and Italy.” In How Social Movements Matter, edited by Marco Giugni, Doug McAdam, and Charles Tilly, 225–252. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Kotwas, Marta, and Jan Kubik. “Symbolic Thickening of Public Culture and the Rise of Right- Wing Populism in Poland.” East European Politics and Societies and Cultures 33, no. 2 (2019): 435–471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubicek, Paul. “Majoritarian Democracy in Turkey: Causes and Consequences.” In Democratic Consolidation in Turkey: Micro and Macro Challenges, edited by Cengiz Erisen, and Paul Kubicek, 123–144. New York: Routledge, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Kucuk, Bulent, and Buket Turkment. “Müzakeresiz kamusallık: Milli cemaatin yeniden inşası sürecinde Demokrasi Nöbetleri.” Toplum ve Bilim 140 (2017): 181–215.
   Google Scholar
• Lowery, David, Virginia Gray, Jennifer Wolak, Erik Godwin, and Whitt Kilburn. “Reconsidering the Counter-Mobilization Hypothesis: Health Policy Lobbying in the American States.” Political Behavior 27, no. 2 (2005): 99–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowndes, Joseph. “From Founding Violence to Political Hegemony: The Conservative Populism of George Wallace.” In Populism and the Mirror of Democracy, edited by Francisco Panizza, 144–171. London: Verso, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Moffitt, Benjamin. “How to Perform Crisis: A Model for Understanding the Key Role of Crisis in Contemporary Populism.” Government and Opposition 50, no. 2 (2015): 189–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moffitt, Benjamin. Populism. Cambridge: Polity, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Moffitt, Benjamin, and Simon Tormey. “Rethinking Populism: Politics, Mediatisation and Political Style.” Political Studies 62, no. 2 (2014): 381–397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris, Pippa, and Roland Inglehart. Cultural Backlash. Trump, Brexit and the Rise of Authoritarian Populism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Ozbudun, Ergun. “AKP at the Crossroads: Erdoğan's Majoritarian Drift.” South European Society and Politics 19, no. 2 (2014): 155–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panizza, Francesco. “Introduction: Populism and the Mirror of Democracy.” In Populism and the Mirror of Democracy, edited by Francesco Panizza, 1–32. London: Verso, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Pappas, Takis S. Populism and Liberal Democracy: A Comparative and Theoretical Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Reisigl, Martin. “Analyzing Political Rhetoric.” In Qualitative Discourse Analysis in Social Sciences, edited by Ruth Wodak, and Michal Krzyzanowski, 96–121. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Reisigl, Martin, and Ruth Wodak. Discourse and Discrimination: Rhetorics of Racism and Antisemitism. New York: Routledge, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, Kenneth M. “Populism, Political Mobilizations, and Crises of Political Representation.” In The Promise and Perils of Populism: Global Perspectives, edited by Carlos de la Torre, 140–159. Lexington: The University of Kentucky Press, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Rooduijn, Matthijs. “The Mesmerising Message: The Diffusion of Populism in Public Debates in Western European Media.” Political Studies 62, no. 4 (2014): 726–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayari, Sabri. “Interdisciplinary Approaches to Political Clientelism and Patronage in Turkey.” Turkish Studies 15, no. 4 (2014): 655–670.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sozen, Yunus. “Studying Autocratization in Turkey: Political Institutions, Populism, and Neoliberalism.” New Perspectives on Turkey 63 (2020): 209–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanley, Ben. “The Thin Ideology of Populism.” Journal of Political Ideologies 13, no. 1 (2008): 95–110.
   Google Scholar
• Taggart, Paul. “Populism and Representative Politics in Contemporary Europe.” Journal of Political Ideologies 9, no. 3 (2004): 269–288.
   Google Scholar
• Tansel, Cemal Burak. “Authoritarian Neoliberalism and Democratic Backsliding in Turkey: Beyond the Narratives of Progress.” South European Society and Politics 23, no. 2 (2018): 197–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilly, Charles. Contention and Democracy in Europe 1650–2000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Tombus, Ertug. “The People and Its Embodiment: Authoritarian Foundations of Constitutions in Turkey.” In The Failure of Popular Constitution Making in Turkey. Regressing Toward Constitutional Autocracy, edited by Felix Petersen, and Zeynep Yanasmayan, 59–84. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Uysal, Ayşen. Sokakta Siyaset. Türkiye’de Protesto Eylemleri, Protestocular ve Polis. Ankara: Iletisim Yayinlari, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Uysal, Aysen. “İslam ve sokakta politika.” In Siyasal İslam ve Liberalizm: Endonezya, İran, Mısır, Tunus, Türkiye, edited by Aysen Uysal, 213–232. Izmir: Yakın, Kitabevi.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, Teun A. Discourse Studies. A Multidisciplinary Introduction. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Wodak, Ruth. “‘We have the Character of an Island Nation.” A discourse-historical analysis of David Cameron’s “Bloomberg Speech” on the European Union.” EUI Working Papers, RSCAS 2016/36.
   Google Scholar
• Wodak, Ruth. The Politics of Fear: What Right-Wing Populist Discourses Mean. London: Sage, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Wodak, Ruth. “The Trajectory of Far-Right Populism: A Discourse-Analytical Perspective.” In The Far-Right and the Environment: Politics, Discourse and Communication, edited by Bernhard Forchtner, 21–38. New York: Routledge, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Wodak, Ruth, and Michael Meyer. Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Sage, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Yabanci, Bilge. “Populism as the Problem Child of Democracy: The AKP’s Enduring Appeal and the use of Meso-Level Actors.” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 16, no. 4 (2016): 591–617.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yabanci, Bilge. “Fuzzy Borders between Populism and Sacralized Politics: Mission, Leader, Community and Performance in ‘New’ Turkey.” Politics, Religion & Ideology 21, no. 1 (2020): 92–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yabanci, Bilge, and Dane Taleski. “Co-opting Religion: How Ruling Populists in Turkey and Macedonia Sacralise the Majority.” Religion, State and Society 46, no. 3 (2018): 283–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz, Zafer. “The AKP and the Spirit of the ‘New’ Turkey: Imagined Victim, Reactionary Mood, and Resentful Sovereign.” Turkish Studies 18, no. 3 (2017): 482–513.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zúquete, Jose Petro. “Populism and Religion.” In The Oxford Handbook of Populism, edited by Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Paul Taggart, Paulina Ochoa Espejo, and Pierre Ostiguy, 445–467. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Zúquete, Jose Petro. “The Missionary Politics of Hugo Chavez.” Latin American Politics and Society 50, no. 1 (2018): 91–121.
   Google Scholar