Beyond mutually hurting stalemate: why did the peace process in Turkey (2009–2015) fail?

Bibliography

• Aktoprak, Elçin. “The Kurdish Opening and the Constitutional Reform: Is There any Progress?” European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 9, no. 1 (2012): 641–667.
   Google Scholar
• Aktürk, Şener. “Why Did the PKK Declare Revolutionary People’s War in July 2015?” Contemporary Turkish Politics 59 (2016): 59–74.
   Google Scholar
• Aydin, Aysegul, and Cem Emrence. Two Routes to an Impasse: Understanding Turkey's Kurdish Policy. Washington, DC: Center on the United States and Europe at Brookings, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Aydinli, Ersel, and Nihat Ali Ozcan. “The Conflict Resolution and Counterterrorism Dilemma: Turkey Faces its Kurdish Question.” Terrorism and Political Violence 23, no. 3 (2011): 438–457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Başer, Bahar, and Alpaslan Özerdem. “Conflict Transformation and Asymmetric Conflicts: A Critique of the Failed Turkish-Kurdish Peace Process.” Terrorism and Political Violence 33, no. 8 (2021): 1775–1796.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayramoğlu, Ali. New Political Equilibrium and the Kurdish Question. London: Democratic Progress Institute, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Çandar, Cengiz. “The Kurdish Question: The Reasons and Fortunes of the ‘Opening’.” Insight Turkey 11, no. 4 (2009): 13–19.
   Google Scholar
• Cesur, Nazli Sila. “The Justice and Development Party’s Discourse on the Kurdish Question.” In Cultural and Ethical Turns: Interdisciplinary Reflections on Culture, Politics and Ethics, edited by Ben Garner, Sonia Pavlenko, Salma Shaheen, and Alison Wolanski, 59–65. Leiden: Brill, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Çiçek, Cuma. “Elimination or Integration of Pro-Kurdish Politics: Limits of the AKP’s Democratic Initiative.” Turkish Studies 12, no. 1 (2011): 15–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çiçek, Cuma. “Başarısız Çözüm süreci (2013-2015) ve Kürt Çatışmasında Müzakereye Dönüşüm İmkanları.” In Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Barış Süreçleri: Anlamak ve Canlandırmak, edited by Ayşe Betül Çelik, 157–188. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Çiçek, Cuma. “Süreç”: Kürt Çatışması ve Çözüm Arayışları. İstanbul: İletişim Yayıncılık, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Cizre, Ümit. “The Emergence of the Government’s Perspective on the Kurdish Issue.” Insight Turkey 11, no. 4 (2009): 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Galtung, Johan. “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research.” Journal of Peace Research 6, no. 3 (1969): 167–191.
   Google Scholar
• Ghosn, Faten. “Getting to the Table and Getting to Yes: An Analysis of International Negotiations.” International Studies Quarterly 54, no. 4 (2010): 1055–1072.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunes, Cengiz, and Robert Lowe. The Impact of the Syrian War on Kurdish Politics Across the Middle East. London: Chatham House, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Kadıoğlu, İbrahim Aytaç. “The Oslo Talks: Revealing the Turkish Government’s Secret Negotiations with the PKK.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 42, no. 10 (2019): 915–933.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadıoğlu, İbrahim Aytaç. Peace Processes in Northern Ireland and Turkey: Rethinking Conflict Resolution. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Kapmaz, Cengiz. Öcalan'ın İmralı Günleri. İstanbul: İthaki, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Karaveli, Halil Magnus. Reconciling Statism with Freedom: Turkey’s Kurdish Opening. Washington, D. C.: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Kardaş, Tuncay, and Ali Balci. “Inter-societal Security Trilemma in Turkey: Understanding the Failure of the 2009 Kurdish Opening.” Turkish Studies 17, no. 1 (2016): 155–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayhan Pusane, Özlem. “Turkey’s Kurdish Opening: Long Awaited Achievements and Failed Expectations.” Turkish Studies 15, no. 1 (2014): 81–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keyman, Emin Fuat. “The AK Party: Dominant Party, New Turkey and Polarization.” Insight Turkey 16, no. 2 (2014): 19–31.
   Google Scholar
• Köse, Sezen Ceceli. “Müzakereci Demokrasi Kuramı ve Toplumsal ve Politik Dönüşümün İmkânları: Kürt Açılımı Üzerine Bir İnceleme.” Spectrum: Journal of Global Studies 4 (2012): 89–116.
   Google Scholar
• Köse, Talha. “Rise and Fall of the AK Party’s Kurdish Peace Initiatives.” Insight Turkey 19, no. 2 (2017): 139–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Öcalan, Abdullah. Demokratik Kurtuluş ve Özgür Yaşamı İnşa:(İmralı notlari). Köln (Cologne): Weşanen Mezopotamya, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Özpek, Burak Bilgehan. The Peace Process between Turkey and the Kurds: Anatomy of a Failure. London: Routledge, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Paris, Roland. At War’s End: Building Peace after Civil Conflict. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Parlar Dal, Emel. “Impact of the Transnationalization of the Syrian Civil War on Turkey: Conflict Spillover Cases of ISIS and PYD-YPG/PKK.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 29, no. 4 (2016): 1396–1420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pruitt, Dean G. Whither Ripeness Theory? George Mason University, 2005. http://ebot.gmu.edu/bitstream/handle/1920/10648/wp_25_pruitt_0.pdf?sequence=1%26isAllowed=y.
   Google Scholar
• Pruitt, Dean G. “Readiness Theory and the Northern Ireland Conflict.” American Behavioral Scientist 50, no. 11 (2007): 1520–1541.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resch, Eva Maria. “Syria’s Impact on the Kurdish Peace Process in Turkey.” Istutito Affari Internazionali 17, no. 24 (2017): 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Rubin, Jeffrey Z., Dean G. Pruitt, and Sung Hee Kim. Social Conflict: Escalation, Stalemate, and Settlement. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Saraçoğlu, Cenk. “Türkiye Sağı, AKP ve Kürt Meselesi.” In Türk Sağı: Mitler Fetişler Düşman İmgeleri, edited by İ. Kerestecioğlu, and G. Öztan, 243–279. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Savran, Arin. “The Peace Process Between Turkey and the Kurdistan Workers’ Party, 2009–2015.” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 22, no. 6 (2020): 777–792.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sisk, Timothy. Democratization in South Africa. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Tezcür, Güneş Murat. “When Democratization Radicalizes: The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in Turkey.” Journal of Peace Research 47, no. 6 (2010): 775–789.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tezcür, Güneş Murat. “Prospects for Resolution of the Kurdish Question: A Realist Perspective.” Insight Turkey 15, no. 2 (2013): 69–84.
   Google Scholar
• Tezcür, Güneş Murat. “The Ebb and Flow of Armed Conflict in Turkey: An Elusive Peace.” In Conflict, Democratization, and the Kurds in the Middle East, edited by David Romano, and Mehmet Gürses, 171–188. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Ünal, Mustafa Coşar. “Is it Ripe Yet? Resolving Turkey’s 30 Years of Conflict with the PKK.” Turkish Studies 17, no. 1 (2016): 91–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urlacher, Brian R. “Political Constraints and Civil war Conflict Resolution.” Civil Wars 13, no. 2 (2011): 81–98.
   Google Scholar
• Urlacher, Brian R. “Negotiating with Insurgents: Changing Perceptions or Changing Politics?” International Negotiation 18, no. 2 (2013): 177–194.
   Google Scholar
• Yeğen, Mesut. “The Kurdish Peace Process in Turkey: Genesis, Evolution and Prospects.” Global Turkey in Europe, Working Paper, Istanbul Policy Center, 2015. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/191379/gte_wp_11.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Zartman, I. William. “‘Ripeness’: The Importance of Timing in Negotiation and Conflict Resolution.” E-International Relations, December 2008, accessed at https://www.e-ir.info/pdf/595.
   Google Scholar
• Zartman, I. William. Ripe for Resolution: Conflict and Intervention in Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Zartman, I. William. “Ripeness: The Hurting Stalemate and Beyond.” In International Conflict Resolution after the Cold War, edited by Paul Stern, and Daniel Druckman, 225–250. Washington: National Academy Press, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Zartman, I. William. “The Timing of Peace Initiatives: Hurting Stalemates and Ripe Moments1.” Global Review of Ethnopolitics 1, no. 1 (2001): 8–18.
   Google Scholar
• Zartman, I. William. “Process Reasons for Failure.” In Unfinished Business: Why International Negotiations Fail?, edited by Guy Olivier Faure, 303–317. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Zartman, I. William, and Álvaro De Soto. Timing Mediation Initiatives. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 2010.
   Google Scholar