The AKP and stealth Islamization in Turkey

Bibliography

• Adak, Sevgi. “Expansion of the Diyanet and the Politics of Family in Turkey Under AKP Rule.” Turkish Studies 22, no. 2 (2021): 200–221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AKP Program. 2001. https://www.akparti.org.tr/site/akparti/parti-programi.
   Google Scholar
• Aybak, Tunç. “Sultan is Dead, Long Live Başyüce Erdoğan.” Open Democracy, 2017. https://www.opendemocracy.net/tun-aybak/sultan-is-dead-long-live-ba-y-ce-Erdoğan-sultan.
   Google Scholar
• Ayoob, Mohammed, and Danielle Nicole Lussier. The Many Faces of Political Islam: Religion and Politics in Muslim Societies. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Bacık, Gökhan. “Informal Application of Islamic Rules in Turkey: The Imposition by RTÜK of Islamic Ethics on Television Broadcasting.” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 25, no. 3 (2023): 378–398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baran, Zeyno. “Turkey Divided.” Journal of Democracy 19, no. 1 (2008): 55–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bashirov, Galib, and Carolyn Lancaster. “End of Moderation: The Radicalization of AKP in Turkey.” Democratization 25, no. 7 (2018): 1210–1230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Başkan, Birol. “Islamism and Turkey’s Foreign Policy During the Arab Spring.” Turkish Studies 19, no. 2 (2018): 264–288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batuman, Bülent. New Islamist Architecture and Urbanism: Negotiating Nation and Islam Through Built Environment in Turkey. London: Routledge, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Brownlee, Jason. “Why Turkey Shakes Up the Democratic Theory?” Washington Post, March 23, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Cagaptay, Soner. “The AKP's Foreign Policy: The Misnomer of ‘Neo-Ottomanism’.” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, April 24, 2009. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/akps-foreign-policy-misnomer-neo-ottomanism.
   Google Scholar
• Cammett, Melanie, and Davide Luca. “Unfair Play: Central Government Spending Under Turkey’s AK Party.” Brookings Institution, 2018. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2018/06/20/unfair-play-central-government-spending-under-turkeys-ak-party/.
   Google Scholar
• Cizre, Ümit, ed. Secular and Islamic Politics in Turkey: The Making of the Justice and Development Party. London: Routledge, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Cook, Michael. Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Criss, Nur Bilge. “Dismantling Turkey: The Will of the People?” Turkish Studies 11, no. 1 (2010): 45–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çalışkan, Koray. “Toward a New Political Regime in Turkey: From Competitive Toward Full Authoritarianism.” New Perspectives on Turkey 58 (2018): 5–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çarkoğlu, Ali, and Binnaz Toprak. Religion, Society and Politics in a Changing Turkey. Istanbul: Tesev, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Çarkoglu, Ali, and Ersin Kalaycıoğlu. Fragile But Resilient? Turkish Electoral Dynamics, 2002–2015. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Çaylak, Adem. “İslamcı siyasette iktidar ve itikat.” Birikim 328 (2016): 27–36.
   Google Scholar
• Çınar, Menderes. “From Moderation to De-Moderation: Democratic Backsliding of the AKP in Turkey.” In The Politics of Islamism: Diverging Visions and Trajectories, edited by J. L. Esposito, L. Z. Rahim, and N. Ghobadzadeh, 127–157. Cham: Springer, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Diyanet. “Kuruluş ve Tarihi Gelişim.” 2013. https://diyanet.gov.tr/tr-TR/Kurumsal/Detay/1.
   Google Scholar
• Diyanet. “Istatistikler.” 2017. https://stratejigelistirme.diyanet.gov.tr/sayfa/57/istatistikler.
   Google Scholar
• Duran, Burhanettin. “The Justice and Development Party’s ‘New Politics’.” In Secular and Islamic Politics in Turkey: The Making of the Justice and Development Party, edited by U. Cizre, 80–106. London: Routledge, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Eğitim-Sen. Egitimin Durumu Raporu, 2018. http://egitimsen.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Eğitimin-Durumu-Raporu-7-Haziran-2018.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Elden, Stuart. “There Is a Politics of Space Because Space Is Political: Henri Lefebvre and the Production of Space.” Radical Philosophy Review 10, no. 2 (2007): 106–107.
   Google Scholar
• Erbakan, Necmettin. Türkiye’nin Meseleleri ve Çözümleri. Istanbul: Semih Ofset, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Erdoğan, R. Tayyip. “Speech at TUGVA Headquarters Opening, Istanbul.” 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Eroler, Elif Gençkal. Dindar Nesil Yetiştirmek: Türkiye'nin Eğitim Politikalarında Ulus ve Vatandaş İnşası (2002–2016). Vol. 452. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Esen, Berk, and Sebnem Gumuscu. “Turkey: How the Coup Failed.” Journal of Democracy 28, no. 1 (2017): 59–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esen, Berk, and Sebnem Gumuscu. “Why Did Turkish Democracy Collapse? A Political Economy Account of AKP’s Authoritarianism.” Party Politics 27, no. 6 (2021): 1075–1091.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furman, Ivo. “Battling Over the Spirit of the Nation: Attitudes Towards Alcohol in ‘New Turkey’.” In The Politics of Culture in Contemporary Turkey, edited by P. Hecker, I. Furman, and K. Akyıldız, 29–48. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Ghulyan, Husik. “The Spatialization of Islamist, Populist, and Neo-Ottoman Discourses in the Turkish Capital Under AKP Rule.” New Perspectives on Turkey 61 (2019): 125–153.
   Google Scholar
• Gözaydin, İştar. Diyanet. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Gumuscu, Sebnem. Democracy or Authoritarianism: Islamist Governments in Turkey, Egypt, and Tunisia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Hatipoğlu, Nihat. “Ululemr’e itaat nedir.” Sabah, February 24, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Hegghammer, Thomas. “Should I Stay or Should I Go? Explaining Variation in Western Jihadists’ Choice Between Domestic and Foreign Fighting.” American Political Science Review 107, no. 1 (2013): 1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• İnsel, Ahmet. “The AKP and Normalizing Democracy in Turkey.” The South Atlantic Quarterly 102, no. 3 (2003): 293–308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalaycıoğlu, Ersin. “Justice and Development Party at the Helm: Resurgence of Islam or Restitution of the Right-of-Center Predominant Party?” Turkish Studies 11, no. 1 (2010): 29–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalın, İbrahim. “The AK Party in Turkey.” In The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics, edited by John Esposito and Emad el-Din Shahin, 423–439. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Kara, İsmail. Türkiye'de İslamcılık Düşüncesi: Kişiler II. İstanbul: Risale, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Karaman, Hayrettin. “İtaat.” Yeni Şafak, March 30, 2017, https://www.yenisafak.com/yazarlar/hayrettinkaraman/itat-2037056.
   Google Scholar
• Karpov, Vyacheslav. “Desecularization: A Conceptual Framework.” Journal of Church and State 52, no. 2 (2010): 232–270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaya, Ayhan. “Islamisation of Turkey Under the AKP Rule: Empowering Family, Faith and Charity.” South European Society and Politics 20, no. 1 (2015): 47–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirdiş, Esen. “Wolves in Sheep Clothing or Victims of Times? Discussing the Immoderation of Incumbent Islamic Parties in Turkey, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia.” Democratization 25, no. 5 (2018): 901–918.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubicek, Paul. “Majoritarian Democracy in Turkey.” In Democratic Consolidation in Turkey: Micro and Macro Challenges, edited by P. Kubicek and C. Erisen, 123–143. London: Routledge, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Kubicek, Paul. “Faulty Assumptions About Democratization in Turkey.” Middle East Critique 29, no. 3 (2020): 245–257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lüküslü, Demet. “Creating a Pious Generation: Youth and Education Policies of the AKP in Turkey.” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 16, no. 4 (2016): 637–649.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandaville, Peter. Islam and Politics. New York: Routledge, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer, Tamar. “How Stateless Nations Claim their Homelands.” Inaugural Lecture Series at Middlebury College, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Milli Nizam Partisi (MNP). Program. Ankara, 1970.
   Google Scholar
• Mudde, Cas, and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser. Populism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Ozzano, Luca, and Chiara Maritato. “Patterns of Political Secularism in Italy and Turkey: The Vatican and the Diyanet to the Test of Politics.” Politics and Religion 12, no. 3 (2019): 457–477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ongur, Hakan Övünç. “Performing Through Friday Khutbas: Re-Instrumentalization of Religion in the New Turkey.” Third World Quarterly 41, no. 3 (2020): 434–452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Öniş, Ziya. “Monopolising the Centre: The AKP and the Uncertain Path of Turkish Democracy.” The International Spectator 50, no. 2 (2015): 22–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özbudun, Ergun. “AKP at the Crossroads: Erdoğan's Majoritarian Drift.” South European Society and Politics 19, no. 2 (2014): 155–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Öztürk, A. Erdi. “Turkey’s Diyanet Under AKP Rule: From Protector to Imposer of State Ideology?” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 16, no. 4 (2016): 619–635.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pehlivan, Barış, and Barış Terkoğlu. Metastaz. Istanbul: İmge, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Przeworski, Adam. Crises of Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Rabasa, Angel, and F. Stephen Larabee. The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Roy, Olivier. The Failure of Political Islam. New York: IB Tauris, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Şansal, Barbaros. “LGBTQ Rights in Turkey: Do Not Touch My Body!” In Human Rights in Turkey: Assaults on Human Dignity, edited by H. Aydin and W. Langley, 141–155. Cham: Springer, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Sarıbay, Ali Yaşar. “Milli Nizam Partisinin Kuruluşu ve Proğramının İçeriği.” In Modern Türkiyede Siyasi Düşünce: İslamcılık, edited by Yasin Aktay, Murat Gultekingil, and Tanil Bora, 576–590. Istanbul: Iletisim, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Şen, Mustafa. “The AKP Rule and the Directorate of Religious Affairs.” In Erdoğan’s ‘New’ Turkey, edited by Nikos Kristofis, 40–57. London: Routledge, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Sezal, Mustafa A., and İhsan Sezal. “Dark Taints on the Looking Glass: Whither ‘New Turkey’?” Turkish Studies 19, no. 2 (2018): 217–239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somer, Murat. “Understanding Turkey’s Democratic Breakdown: Old vs. New and Indigenous vs. Global Authoritarianism.” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 16, no. 4 (2016): 481–503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somer, Murat. “Conquering Versus Democratizing the State: Political Islamists and Fourth Wave Democratization in Turkey and Tunisia.” Democratization 24, no. 6 (2017): 1025–1043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sözen, Ahmet. “A Paradigm Shift in Turkish Foreign Policy: Transition and Challenges.” Turkish Studies 11, no. 1 (2010): 103–123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toprak, Binnaz, Irfan Bozan, Tan Morgül, and Nedim Șener. Türkiye’de Farklı Olmak: Din ve Muhafazakarlık Ekseninde Ötekileştirilenler. Istanbul: Bogazici Universitesi, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Tezcür, Güneş M. “The Moderation Theory Revisited: The Case of Islamic Political Actors.” Party Politics 16, no. 1 (2010): 69–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuğal, Cihan. “Islamism in Turkey: Beyond Instrument and Meaning.” Economy and Society 31, no. 1 (2002): 85–111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TÜGVA (Turkish Youth Foundation, Türkiye Gençlik Vakfı). “Medeniyet ve Değerler Kulübü.” 2018. http://tugva.org/medeniyet-ve-degerler-kulubu/.
   Google Scholar
• Varol, Ozan O. “Stealth Authoritarianism.” Iowa Law Review 100 (2014): 1673–1742.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yabancı, Bilge, and Dane Taleski. “Co-Opting Religion: How Ruling Populists in Turkey and Macedonia Sacralise the Majority.” Religion, State & Society 46, no. 3 (2018): 283–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yavuz, M. Hakan. Islamic Political Identity in Turkey. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Yavuz, M. Hakan. “A Framework for Understanding the Intra-Islamist Conflict Between the AK Party and the Gülen Movement.” Politics, Religion & Ideology 19, no. 1 (2018): 11–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yavuz, M. Hakan. “Understanding Turkish Secularism in the 21st Century: A Contextual Roadmap.” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 19, no. 1 (2019): 55–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeşilada, Birol A., and Barry Rubin. “Introduction.” Turkish Studies 11, no. 1 (2010): 3–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yılmaz, İhsan, and Galib Bashirov. “The AKP After 15 Years: Emergence of Erdoğanism in Turkey.” Third World Quarterly 39, no. 9 (2018): 1812–1830.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yılmaz, Ihsan, and Ömer F. Ertürk. “Populism, Violence and Authoritarian Stability: Necropolitics in Turkey.” Third World Quarterly 42, no. 7 (2021): 1524–1543.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar