Grain sorting and decay of sand ripples under oscillatory flow and turbulence

References

• Sleath , J. F. A. 1984 . Sea Bed Mechanics , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen , P. 1992 . Coastal Bottom Boundary Layers and Sediment Transport , Singapore : World Scientific .
   Google Scholar
• Sumer , B. M. and Fredsoe , J. 2002 . The Mechanics of Scour in the Marine Environment , Singapore : World Scientific .
   Google Scholar
• Testik , F. Y. , Voropayev , S. I. , Fernando , H. J. S. and Balasubramanian , S. 2007 . Mine burial in the shoaling zone: Scaling of laboratory results to oceanic situations . IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. , 32 : 204 – 213 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn , R. 2006 . The role of scour in shipwreck site formation processes and the preservation of wreck-associated scour signatures in the sedimentary record – evidence from seabed and sub-surface data . J. Arch. Sci. , 33 : 1419 – 1432 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horikawa , K. and Wanatabe , A. 1967 . A study of sand movement due to wave action . Coastal Eng. Japan , 10 : 39 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Blondeaux , P. 1990 . Sand ripples under sea waves. Part 1: Ripple formation . J. Fluid Mech. , 218 : 1 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vittory , G. and Blondeaux , P. 1990 . Sand ripples under sea waves. Part 2. Finite-amplitude development . J. Fluid Mech. , 218 : 19 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen , K. H. 2001 . A particle model of rolling grain ripples under waves . Phys. Fluids , 13 : 58 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen , K. H. , Abel , M. , Krug , J. , Ellegaard , C. , Sondergaard , L. R. and Udesen , J. 2002 . Pattern dynamics of vortex ripples in sand: Nonlinear modeling and experimental validation . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 88 Art. No. 234302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao , Z. and Fernando , H. J. S. 2007 . Numerical simulation of scour around pipelines using an Euler-Euler coupled two-phase model . Environ. Fluid Dyn. , 7 : 121 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carstens , M. R. , Neilson , F. M. and Altinbilek , H. D. 1969 . Bed forms generated in the laboratory under an oscillatory flow: Analytical and experimental study , Washington, DC : U. S. Army Corps Eng. Coastal Eng. Res. Center . Tech. Memorandum No. 28
   Google Scholar
• Faraci , C. and Foti , E. 2001 . Evolution of small scale regular patterns generated by waves propagating over a sandy bottom . Phys. Fluids , 13 : 1624 – 1632 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen , J. L. , Hecke , M. V. , Haaning , A. , Ellegaard , C. , Andersen , K. H. , Bohr , T. and Sams , T. 2001 . Pattern formation: Instability in sand ripples . Nature , 410 : 324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donoghue , T. and Clubb , G. C. 2001 . Sand ripples generated by regular oscillatory flow . Coastal Eng. , 44 : 101 – 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , J. J. , Bell , P. S. , Thorne , P. D. , Metje , N. and Coates , L. E. 2004 . Measurement and prediction of wave-generated suborbital ripples . J. Geophys. Res. , 109 C02004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donoghue , T. , Doucette , J. S. , Van der Werf , J. J. and Ribberink , J. S. 2006 . The dimensions of sand ripples in full-scale oscillatory flows . Coastal Eng. , 53 : 997 – 1012 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Testik , F. Y. , Voropayev , S. I. and Fernando , H. J. S. 2005 . Adjustment of sand ripples under changing water waves . Phys. Fluids , 17 072104 (1–8)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doucette , J. S. and O'Donoghue , T. 2006 . Response of sand ripples to change in oscillatory flow . Sedimentology , 53 : 581 – 596 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seminara , G. 1995 . Effect of grain sorting on the formation of bedforms . Appl. Mech. Rev. , 48 : 549 – 565 .
   Google Scholar
• Foti , E. and Blondeaux , P. 1995 . Sea ripple formation: The heterogeneous sediment case . Coastal Eng. , 25 : 237 – 253 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doucette , J. S. 2002 . Geometry and grain size sorting of ripples on low energy sandy beaches: Field observations and model predictions . Sedimentology , 49 : 483 – 509 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caps , H. and Vandewalle , N. 2002 . Patterns in hydraulic ripples with binary granular mixtures . Physica A – Stat. Mech. Appl. , 313 : 357 – 364 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rousseaux , G. , Caps , H. and Wesfreid , J.-E. 2004 . Granular size segregation in underwater sand ripples . Eur. Phys. J. Ser. E. , 13 : 213 – 219 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanes , D. M. , Erikson , L. H. , Leschinski , J. M. R. , Harney , J. N. , Carter , C. L. , Hatcher , G. A. , Lacy , J. R. and Rubin , D. M. Seabed ripple morphology and surficial sediment size at the SAX04 experiments near Fort Walton Beach, Florida U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 2007–1232, Fall 2004
   Google Scholar
• Hay , A. E. 2006 . Biodegradation of wave-formed sand ripples during SAX04 (Sediment Acoustics Experiment 2004) . J. Acoustical Soc. America , 120 : 3097
   Google Scholar
• Hay , A. E. 28–29 September 2006 . On the degradation of wave-formed sand ripples , 28–29 September , Woods Hole, MA, , USA : WHOI . A report presented at the ONR Ripples DRI Annual Meeting
   Google Scholar
• Hager , W. H. and Del Giudice , G. 2001 . Movable bed roughness in alluvial rivers–discussion . J. Hydraul. Eng. , 127 : 627 – 628 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies , A. G. and Villaret , C. 1999 . Eulerian drift induced by progressive waves above rippled and very rough beds . J. Geophys. Res. Oceans , 104 ( C1 ) : 1465 – 1488 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du Toit , C. G. and Sleath , J. F. A. 1981 . Velocity measurements close to rippled beds in oscillatory flow . J. Fluid Mech. , 112 : 71 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batchelor , G. K. 1967 . An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• De Silva , I. P. D. and Fernando , H. J. S. 1994 . Oscillating grids as a source of nearly isotropic turbulence . Phys. Fluids , 6 : 2455 – 2463 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voropayev , S. I. , Testik , F. Y. , Fernando , H. J. S. and Boyer , D. L. 2003 . Morphodynamics and cobbles behavior in and near the surf zone . Ocean Eng. , 30 : 1741 – 1764 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Testik , F. Y. , Voropayev , S. I. and Fernando , H. J. S. 2005 . Flow around a short horizontal bottom cylinder under steady and oscillatory flows . Phys. Fluids , 17 : 047103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Werf , J. J. , Doucette , J. S. , O'Donoghue , T. and Ribberink , J. S. 2007 . Detailed measurements of velocities and suspended sand concentrations over full-scale ripples in regular oscillatory flow . J. Geophys. Res. , 112 : F02012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Testik , F. Y. , Voropayev , S. I. , Balasubramanian , S. and Fernando , H. J. S. 2006 . Self-similarity of asymmetric sand-ripple profiles formed under nonlinear shoaling waves . Phys. Fluids , 18 : 108101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar