References
- Simpson , R. L. 1989 . Turbulent boundary-layer separation . Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. , 21 : 205 – 232 .
- Le , H. , Moin , P. and Kim , J. 1997 . Direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow over a backward-facing step . J. Fluid Mech. , 330 : 349 – 374 .
- Huang , H. T. and Fiedler , H. E. 1997 . A DPIV study of a starting flow downstream of a backward-facing step . Exp. Fluids , 23 : 395 – 404 .
- Heenan , A. F. and Morrison , J. F. 1998 . Passive control of backstep flow . Exp. Ther. Fluid Sci. , 16 : 122 – 132 .
- Lee , T. and Mateescu , D. 1998 . Experimental and numerical investigation of 2-D backward-facing step flow . J. Fluids Struct. , 12 : 703 – 716 .
- Spazzini , P. G. , Iuso , G. , Onorato , M. , Zurlo , N. and Di Cicca , G. M. 2001 . Unsteady behavior of back-facing step flow . Exp. Fluids , 30 : 551 – 561 .
- Tihon , J. , Legrand , J. and Legentilhomme , P. 2001 . Near-wall investigation of backward-facing step flows . Exp. Fluids , 31 : 484 – 493 .
- Lee , I. and Sung , H. J. 2001 . Characteristics of wall pressure fluctuations in separated and reattaching flows over a backward-facing step: Part I. Time-mean statistics and cross-spectral analyses . Exp. Fluids , 30 : 262 – 272 .
- Kaltenbach , H. J. 2004 . Turbulent flow over a swept backward-facing step . Eur. J. Mech. B Fluids , 23 : 501 – 518 .
- Fröhlich , J. , Mellen , C. , Rodi , W. , Temmerman , L. and Leschziner , M. 2005 . Highly resolved large-eddy simulation of separated flow in a channel with streamwise periodic constrictions . J. Fluid Mech. , 526 : 19 – 66 .
- Breuer , M. , Peller , N. , Rapp , C. and Manhart , M. 2009 . Flow over periodic hills-numerical and experimental study in a wide range of Reynolds numbers . Comput. Fluids , 38 : 433 – 457 .
- Abe , K. , Jang , Y. J. and Leschziner , M. A. 2004 . An investigation of wall-anisotropy expressions and length-scale equations for non-linear eddy-viscosity models . Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow , 24 : 181 – 198 .
- Wang , C. , Jang , Y. J. and Leschziner , M. A. 2004 . Modelling two- and three-dimensional separation from curved surfaces with anisotropy-resolving turbulence closures . Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow , 25 : 499 – 512 .
- Jakirlić , S. , Manceau , R. , Šarić , S. , Fadai-Ghotbi , A. , Kniesner , B. , Carpy , S. , Kadavelil , G. , Friess , C. , Tropea , C. and Borée , J. 2009 . LES, zonal and seamless hybrid LES/RANS: Rationale and application to free and wall-bounded flows involving separation and swirl . Num. Simul. Turbul. Flows Noise Generat. , : 253 – 282 .
- Neumann , J. and Wengle , H. 2004 . Coherent structures in controlled separated flow over sharp-edged and rounded steps . J. Turbul. , 5 : 1 – 24 .
- Wasistho , B. and Squires , K. 2005 . Prediction of turbulent separation over a backward-facing smooth ramp . J. Turbul. , 6 : 1 – 26 .
- Radhakrishnan , S. , Piomelli , U. , Keating , A. and Lopes , A. S. 2006 . Reynolds-averaged and large-eddy simulations of turbulent non-equilibrium flows . J. Turbul. , 7 : 1 – 30 .
- Dandois , J. , Garnier , E. and Sagaut , P. 2007 . Numerical simulation of active separation control by a synthetic jet . J. Fluid Mech. , 574 : 25 – 58 .
- El-Askary , W. A. 2009 . Turbulent boundary layer structure of flow over a smooth-curved ramp . Comput. Fluids , 38 : 1718 – 1730 .
- Garcia-Villalba , M. , Li , N. , Rodi , W. and Leschziner , M. A. 2009 . Large-eddy simulation of separated flow over a three-dimensional axisymmetric hill . J. Fluid Mech. , 627 : 55 – 96 .
- You , D. , Wang , M. and Moin , P. 2006 . Large-eddy simulation of flow over a wall-mounted hump with separation control . AIAA J. , 44 : 2571 – 2577 .
- Šarić , S. , Jakirlić , S. , Djugum , A. and Tropea , C. 2006 . Computational analysis of locally forced flow over a wall-mounted hump at high-Re number . Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow , 27 : 707 – 720 .
- Avdis , A. , Lardeau , S. and Leschziner , M. A. 2009 . Large eddy simulation of separated flow over a two-dimensional hump with and without control by means of a synthetic slot-jet . Flow, Turbul. Combust. , 83 : 343 – 370 .
- Greenblatt , D. , Paschal , K. B. , Yao , C. S. , Harris , J. , Schaeffler , N. W. and Washburn , A. E. 2006 . Experimental investigation of separation control. Part 1: Baseline and steady suction . AIAA J. , 44 : 2820 – 2830 .
- Song , S. and Eaton , J. K. 2004 . Reynolds number effects on a turbulent boundary layer with separation, reattachment, and recovery . Exp. Fluids , 36 : 246 – 258 .
- Radhakrishnan , S. , Piomelli , U. and Keating , A. 2008 . Wall-modeled large-eddy simulations of flows with curvature and mild separation . J. Fluids Eng. , 130 : 101203
- Marquillie , M. , Laval , J. P. and Dolganov , R. 2008 . Direct numerical simulation of a separated channel flow with a smooth profile . J. Turbul. , 9 : 1 – 23 .
- Lardeau , S. and Leschziner , M. A. 2011 . The interaction of round synthetic jets with a turbulent boundary layer separating from a rounded ramp . J. Fluid Mech. , 683 : 172 – 211 .
- Zhang , S. and Zhong , S. 2010 . An experimental investigation of turbulent flow separation control by an array of synthetic jets , Reston , VA : AIAA . AIAA Paper 2010-4582
- Fishpool , G. M. and Leschziner , M. A. 2009 . Stability bounds for explicit fractional-step schemes for the Navier–Stokes equations at high Reynolds number . Comput. Fluids , 38 : 1289 – 1298 .
- Rhie , C. M. and Chow , W. L. 1983 . Numerical study of the turbulent flow past an aerofoil with trailing edge separation . AIAA J. , 21 : 1525 – 1532 .
- Manhart , M. , Peller , N. and Brun , C. 2008 . Near-wall scaling for turbulent boundary layers with adverse pressure gradient . Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn. , 22 : 243 – 260 .
- Lund , T. S. , Wu , X. and Squires , K. D. 1998 . Generation of turbulent inflow data for spatially-developing boundary layer simulations . J. Comput. Phys. , 140 : 233 – 258 .
- Jiménez , J. , Hoyas , S. , Simens , M. P. and Mizuno , Y. 2010 . Turbulent boundary layers and channels at moderate Reynolds numbers . J. Fluid Mech. , : 1 – 26 .
- Inagaki , M. , Kondoh , T. and Nagano , Y. 2005 . A mixed-time-scale SGS model with fixed model parameters for practical LES . J. Fluids Eng. , 127 : 1
- Kim , H. T. , Kline , S. J. and Reynolds , W. C. 1971 . The production of turbulence near a smooth wall in a turbulent boundary layer . J. Fluid Mech. , 50 : 133 – 160 .
- Groth , J. 1991 . Description of the pressure effect in the Reynolds stress transport equation . Phys. Fluids , 3 : 2276 – 2277 .
- Dejoan , A. , Wang , C. and Leschziner , M. A. 2006 . Assessment of turbulence models for predicting the interaction region in a wall jet by reference to LES solution and budgets . Flow Turbul. Combust. , 77 : 229 – 255 .
- Hunt , J. C.R. and Savill , A. M. 2005 . “ Guidelines and criteria for the use of turbulence models in complex flows ” . In Prediction of Turbulent Flows , Edited by: Hewitt , G. F. and Vassilicos , J. C. 291 – 343 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .