References
- Vinuesa R, Noorani A, Lozano-Durán A, et al. Aspect ratio effects in turbulent duct flows studied through direct numerical simulation. J Turbul. 2014;15:677–706. doi: 10.1080/14685248.2014.925623
- Vinuesa R, Prus C, Schlatter P, et al. Convergence of numerical simulations of turbulent wall-bounded flows and mean cross-flow structure of rectangular ducts. Meccanica. 2016;51:3025–3042. doi: 10.1007/s11012-016-0558-0
- Uhlmann M, Pinelli A, Kawahara G, et al. Marginally turbulent flow in a square duct. J Fluid Mech. 2007;588:153–162. doi: 10.1017/S0022112007007604
- Owolabi BE, Poole RJ, Dennisand DJC. Experiments on low-Reynolds-number turbulent flow through a square duct. J Fluid Mech. 2016;798:398–410. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2016.314
- Faisst H, Eckhardt B. Sensitive dependence on initial conditions in transition to turbulence in pipe flow. J Fluid Mech. 2004;504:343–352. doi: 10.1017/S0022112004008134
- Carlson D, Widnall SE, Peeters MF. A flow-visualization study of transition in plane Poiseuille flow. J Fluid Mech. 1982;121:487. doi: 10.1017/S0022112082002006
- Orlandi P, Bernardini M, Pirozzoli S. Poiseuille and Couette flows in the transitional and fully turbulent regime. J Fluid Mech. 2015;770:424–441. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2015.138
- Fitzgerald R. New experiments set the scale for the onset of turbulence in pipe flow. Phys Today. 2004;57:2.
- Hof B, Juel A, Mullin T. Scaling of the turbulence transition threshold in a pipe. Phys Rev Lett. 2003;91:244502. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.244502
- Reynolds O. On the dynamical theory of incompressible viscous fluids and the determination of the criterion. Phil Trans R Soc. 1895;186:123.
- Orlandi P. Time evolving simulations as a tentative reproduction of the Reynolds experiments on flow transition in circular pipes. Phys Fluids. 2008;20:101516. doi: 10.1063/1.3006124
- Tatsumi T, Yoshimura T. Stability of the laminar flow in a rectangular duct. J Fluid Mech. 1990;212:437. doi: 10.1017/S002211209000204X
- Takeishi K, Kawahara G, Wakabayashi H, et al. Localized turbulence structures in transitional rectangular-duct flow. J Fluid Mech. 2015;782:368–379. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2015.546
- White FM. Viscous fluid flow. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1974.
- Gavrilakis S. Numerical simulation of low-Reynolds-number turbulent flow through a straight square duct. J Fluid Mech. 1992;244:101. doi: 10.1017/S0022112092002982
- Pirozzoli S, Modesti D, Orlandi P, et al. Turbulence and secondary motions in square duct flow. J Fluid Mech. 2018;840:631–655. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2018.66
- Joung Y, Choi S, Choi J. Turbulence and secondary motions in square duct. J Eng Mech. 2007;133:213–221. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2007)133:2(213)
- Kim J, Moin P, Moser R. Turbulence statistics in fully developed channel flow at low Reynolds number. J Fluid Mech. 1987;177:133–166. doi: 10.1017/S0022112087000892
- Bernardini M, Pirozzoli S, Quadrio M, et al. Turbulent channel flow simulations in convecting reference frames. J Comput Phys. 2013;232:1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2012.08.006
- Orlandi P. Fluid flow phenomena: a numerical toolkit. Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.
- Adams J, Swarztrauber P, Sweet R. Fishpack – A package of Fortran subprograms for the solution of separable elliptic partial differential equations; 1975. (NCAR Technical Note-TN/IA-109).
- Orlandi P, Pirozzoli S. DNS of transitional and turbulent flows in square ducts. J Turbul. 2020;21(2):106–128. doi: 10.1080/14685248.2020.1740238
- Pope S. Turbulent flows. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000.
- Hartnett J, Koh JCY, McComas ST. A comparison of predicted and measured friction factors for turbulent flow through rectangular ducts. J Heat Trans TRANS ASME. 1962;84:82–88. doi: 10.1115/1.3684299
- Nomura K, Post GK. The structure and dynamics of vorticity and rate of strain in incompressible homogeneous turbulence. J Fluid Mech. 1998;377:65–97. doi: 10.1017/S0022112098003024
- Orlandi P. Turbulent kinetic energy production and flow structures in flows past smooth and rough wall. J Fluid Mech. 2019;866:897–928. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2019.96
- Bernardini M, Pirozzoli S, Orlandi P. Velocity statistics in turbulent channel flow up to Reτ=4000. J Fluid Mech. 2014;742:171–191. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2013.674
- Lee M, Moser RD. Direct simulation of turbulent channel flow layer up to Reτ=5200. J Fluid Mech. 2015;774:395–415. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2015.268
- Yamamoto Y, Tsuji Y. Numerical evidence of logarithmic regions in channel flow at Reτ=8000. Phys Rev Fluids. 2018;3:012062. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.3.012602
- Speziale C. On turbulent secondary flows in pipes of noncircular cross-section. Int J Eng Sci. 1982;20:863–872. doi: 10.1016/0020-7225(82)90008-8