A review on control of droplet motion based on wettability modulation: principles, design strategies, recent progress, and applications

References

• Gennes PG, Brochard-Wyart F, Quéré D. Capillarity and wetting phenomena. New York (NY): Springer; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Butt HJ, Graf K, Kappl M. Physics and chemistry of interfaces. Germany: John Wiley & Sons; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Si Y, Dong Z, Jiang L. Bioinspired designs of superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic materials. ACS Cent Sci. 2018;4:1102–1112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leidenfrost JG. On the fixation of water in diverse fire. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 1966;9:1153–1166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Académie des Sciences (Paris). Histoire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences: avec les mémoires de mathématique et de physique pour la même année: tirés des registres de cette Académie. 1753 ( 1757). France: DuPont; 1757.
   Google Scholar
• Young TsIII. An essay on the cohesion of fluids. Philos Trans R Soc London. 1805;95:65–87.
   Google Scholar
• Marangoni C. Sull’espansione delle goccie d’un liquido galleggianti sulla superfice di altro liquido (Fratelli Fusi). France; 1865.
   Google Scholar
• American Academy of Arts. Proceedings of the Academy of Arts and Science. USA: Metcalf and Company; 1878.
   Google Scholar
• Wenzel RN. Resistance of solid surfaces to wetting by water. Ind Eng Chem. 1936;28:988–994.
   Google Scholar
• Cassie ABD, Baxter S. Wettability of porous surfaces. Trans Faraday Soc. 1944;40:546–551.
   Google Scholar
• Dettre RH, Johnson RE. Contact angle hysteresis contact angle, wettability, and adhesion. Adv Chem Ser. 1964;43:136–144.
   Google Scholar
• Ollivier H. Recherches sur la capillarité. J Phys Théor Appl. 1907;6:757–782.
   Google Scholar
• Carraher CEsJr. Introduction to polymer chemistry. UK: CRC Press; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Langmuir I. The mechanism of the surface phenomena of flotation. Trans Faraday Soc. 1920;15:62–74.
   Google Scholar
• Kreder MJ, Alvarenga J, Kim P, et al. Design of anti-icing surfaces: smooth, textured or slippery? Nat Rev Mater. 2016;1:1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulman A. Formation and structure of self-assembled monolayers. Chem Rev. 1996;96:1533–1554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onda T, Shibuichi S, Satoh N, et al. Super-Water-Repellent fractal surfaces. Langmuir. 1996;12:2125–2127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang R, Hashimoto K, Fujishima A, et al. Light-Induced amphiphilic surfaces. Nature. 1997;388:431–432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barthlott W, Neinhuis C. Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces. Planta. 1997;202:1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aussillous P, Quéré D. Liquid marbles. Nature. 2001;411:924–927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuteja A, Choi W, Ma M, et al. Designing superoleophobic surfaces. Science. 2007;318:1618–1622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quéré D. Non-Sticking drops. Rep Prog Phys. 2005;68:2495.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lafuma A, Quéré D. Slippery pre-suffused surfaces. EPL. 2011;96:56001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong T-S, Kang SH, Tang SKY, et al. Bioinspired self-repairing slippery surfaces with pressure-stable omniphobicity. Nature. 2011;477:443–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villegas M, Zhang Y, Abu Jarad N, et al. Liquid-Infused surfaces: a review of theory, design, and applications. ACS Nano. 2019;13:8517–8536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng L, Li S, Li Y, et al. Super-Hydrophobic surfaces: from natural to artificial. Adv Mater. 2002;14:1857–1860.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S, Liu K, Yao X, et al. Bioinspired surfaces with superwettability: new insight on theory, design, and applications. Chem Rev. 2015;115:8230–8293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian Y, Su B, Jiang L. Interfacial material system exhibiting superwettability. Adv Mater. 2014;26:6872–6897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai H, Dong Z, Jiang L. Directional liquid dynamics of interfaces with superwettability. Sci Adv. 2020;6:eabb5528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbott NL, Folkers JP, Whitesides GM. Manipulation of the wettability of surfaces on the 0.1- to 1 -micrometer scale through micromachining and molecular self-assembly. Science. 1992;257:1380–1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Li J, Sun J, et al. Biological and engineered topological droplet rectifiers. Adv Mater. 2019;31:e1806501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui Y, Li D, Bai H. Bioinspired smart materials for directional liquid transport. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2017;56:4887–4897.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Song Y, Zheng H, et al. Designing biomimetic liquid diodes. Soft Matter. 2019;15:1902–1915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu M, Wang S, Jiang L. Nature-Inspired superwettability systems. Nat Rev Mater. 2017;2:1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel D, Timonen JVI, Li R, et al. Origins of extreme liquid repellency on structured, flat, and lubricated hydrophobic surfaces. Phys Rev Lett. 2018;120:244503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuteja A, Choi W, Mabry JM, et al. Robust omniphobic surfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105:18200–18205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng X, Mammen L, Butt H-J, et al. Candle soot as a template for a transparent robust superamphiphobic coating. Science. 2012;335:67–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yong J, Chen F, Yang Q, et al. Superoleophobic surfaces. Chem Soc Rev. 2017;46:4168–4217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshimitsu Z, Nakajima A, Watanabe T, et al. Effects of surface structure on the hydrophobicity and sliding behavior of water droplets. Langmuir. 2002;18:5818–5822.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lafuma A, Quéré D. Superhydrophobic states. Nat Mater. 2003;2:457–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouterde T, Raux PS, Clanet C, et al. Superhydrophobic frictions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;116:8220–8223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ensikat HJ, Ditsche-Kuru P, Neinhuis C, et al. Superhydrophobicity in perfection: the outstanding properties of the lotus leaf Beilstein. J Nanotechnol. 2011;2:152–161.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hensel R, Neinhuis C, Werner C. The springtail cuticle as a blueprint for omniphobic surfaces. Chem Soc Rev. 2016;45:323–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu TL, C-J K. Repellent surfaces. Turning a surface superrepellent even to completely wetting liquids. Science. 2014;346:1096–1100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verho T, Bower C, Andrew P, et al. Mechanically durable superhydrophobic surfaces. Adv Mater. 2011;23:673–678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, Sun Q, Hokkanen MJ, et al. Design of robust superhydrophobic surfaces. Nature. 2020;582:55–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng C, Chen Z, Tiwari MK. All-Organic superhydrophobic coatings with mechanochemical robustness and liquid impalement resistance. Nat Mater. 2018;17:355–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu M, Wang S, Wei Z, et al. Bioinspired design of a superoleophobic and low adhesive water/solid interface. Adv Mater. 2009;21:665–669.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yong J, Chen F, Fang Y, et al. Bioinspired design of underwater superaerophobic and superaerophilic surfaces by femtosecond laser ablation for anti- or capturing bubbles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017;9:39863–39871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yong J, Chen F, Li M, et al. Remarkably simple achievement of superhydrophobicity, superhydrophilicity, underwater superoleophobicity, underwater superoleophilicity, underwater superaerophobicity, and underwater superaerophilicity on femtosecond laser ablated PDMS surfaces. J Mater Chem A Mater Energy Sustain. 2017;5:25249–25257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma W, Xu H, Takahara A, et al. Substrate-Independent underwater superoleophobic surfaces inspired by fish-skin and mussel-adhesives. Adv Mater Interfaces. 2014;1:1300092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang P, Zhao C, Zhao T, et al. Recent advances in bioinspired gel surfaces with superwettability and special adhesion. Adv Sci. 2019;6:1900996.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao H, Zhao Z, Cai Y, et al. Adaptive and freeze-tolerant heteronetwork organohydrogels with enhanced mechanical stability over a wide temperature range. Nat Commun. 2017;8:15911.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian X, Jokinen V, Li J, et al. Unusual dual superlyophobic surfaces in oil-water systems: the design principles. Adv Mater. 2016;28:10652–10658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai Y, Lu Q, Guo X, et al. Salt-Tolerant superoleophobicity on alginate gel surfaces inspired by seaweed (Saccharina japonica). Adv Mater. 2015;27:4162–4168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David Smith J, Dhiman R, Anand S, et al. Droplet mobility on lubricant-impregnated surfaces. Soft Matter. 2013;9:1772–1780.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keiser A, Keiser L, Clanet C, et al. Drop friction on liquid-infused materials. Soft Matter. 2017;13:6981–6987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel D, Mankin MN, Belisle RA, et al. Lubricant-Infused micro/nano-structured surfaces with tunable dynamic omniphobicity at high temperatures. Appl Phys Lett. 2013;102:231603.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peppou-Chapman S, Neto C. Mapping depletion of lubricant films on antibiofouling wrinkled slippery surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018;10:33669–33677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreder MJ, Daniel D, Tetreault A, et al. Film dynamics and lubricant depletion by droplets moving on lubricated surfaces. Phys Rev X. 2018;8:031053.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell C, Grinthal A, Sunny S, et al. Designing liquid-infused surfaces for medical applications: a review. Adv Mater. 2018;30:1802724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishioka S, Tenjimbayashi M, Manabe K, et al. Facile design of plant-oil-infused fine surface asperity for transparent blood-repelling endoscope lens. RSC Adv. 2016;6:47579–47587.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leslie DC, Waterhouse A, Berthet J, et al. A bioinspired omniphobic surface coating on medical devices prevents thrombosis and biofouling. Nat Biotechnol. 2014;32:1134–1140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Wang L, Sun N, et al. Viscoelastic solid-repellent coatings for extreme water saving and global sanitation. Nat Sustain. 2019;2:1097–1105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manabe K, Nakano M, Hibi Y, et al. Self‐supplying liquidity oil‐adsorbed slippery smooth surface for both liquid and solid repellency. Adv Mater Interfaces. 2020;7:1901818.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, McCarthy TJ. Covalently attached liquids: instant omniphobic surfaces with unprecedented repellency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2016;55:244–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng DF, Urata C, Yagihashi M, et al. A statically oleophilic but dynamically oleophobic smooth nonperfluorinated surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2012;51:2956–2959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadeev AY, McCarthy TJ. Trialkylsilane monolayers covalently attached to silicon surfaces: wettability studies indicating that molecular topography contributes to contact angle hysteresis. Langmuir. 1999;15:3759–3766.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin Y, Wang L, Krumpfer JW, et al. Hydrophobization of inorganic oxide surfaces using dimethylsilanediol. Langmuir. 2013;29:1329–1332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao L, McCarthy TJ. Contact angle hysteresis explained. Langmuir. 2006;22(14):6234–6237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urata C, Cheng DF, Masheder B, et al. Smooth, transparent and nonperfluorinated surfaces exhibiting unusual contact angle behavior toward organic liquids. RSC Adv. 2012;2:9805–9808.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wooh S, Vollmer D. Silicone brushes: omniphobic surfaces with low sliding angles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2016;55:6822–6824.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Q, Yang C, Su C, et al. Slippery liquid-attached surface for robust biofouling resistance. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2020;6:358–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aussillous P, Quéré D. Properties of liquid marbles. Pro R Soc A: Math Phys Eng Sci. 2006;462:973–999.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quéré D. Leidenfrost dynamics. Annu Rev Fluid Mech. 2013;45:197–215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mogilevskiy E. Levitation of a nonboiling droplet over hot liquid bath. Phys Fluids. 2020;32:012114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maquet L, Brandenbourger M, Sobac B, et al. Leidenfrost drops: effect of gravity. Epl. 2015;110:24001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couder Y, Protière S, Fort E, et al. Dynamical phenomena: walking and orbiting droplets. Nature. 2005;437:208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthier A, Bird JC, Clanet C, et al. Aerodynamic Leidenfrost effect. Phys Rev Fluids. 2016;1:084002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lhuissier H, Tagawa Y, Tran T, et al. Levitation of a drop over a moving surface. J Fluid Mech. 2013;733. DOI:10.1017/jfm.2013.470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewandre A, Rivero-Rodriguez J, Vitry Y, et al. Microfluidic droplet generation based on non-embedded co-flow-focusing using 3D printed nozzle. Sci Rep. 2020;10:21616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Q-J, Mao Q, Cao W. Numerical simulation of the Marangoni flow on mass transfer from single droplet with different Reynolds numbers. Colloids Surf a Physicochem Eng Asp. 2022;639:128385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jadidbonab H, Malgarinos I, Karathanassis I, et al. We-T classification of diesel fuel droplet impact regimes. Pro R Soc A: Math Phys Eng Sci. 2018;474:20170759.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richard D, Clanet C, Quéré D. Contact time of a bouncing drop. Nature. 2002;417:811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Moevius L, Xu X, et al. Pancake bouncing on superhydrophobic surfaces. Nat Phys. 2014;10:515–519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cogswell FN. Measuring the extensional rheology of polymer melts. T Soc Rheol. 1972;16:383–403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds C, Thompson R, McLeish T, et al. Pressure and shear rate dependence of the viscosity and stress relaxation of polymer melts. J Rheol. 2018;62:631–642.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen G, Gao Y, Li M, et al. Rapid and flexible actuation of droplets via a low-adhesive and deformable magnetically functionalized membrane. J Mater Sci. 2018;53:13253–13263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang W, Timonen JVI, Carlson A, et al. Multifunctional ferrofluid-infused surfaces with reconfigurable multiscale topography. Nature. 2018;559:77–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Huang Z, Cai Z, et al. Magnetic-Actuated “capillary container” for versatile three-dimensional fluid interface manipulation. Sci Adv. 2021;7:eabi7498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirörs AF, Aykut S, Ganzeboom S, et al. Programmable droplet manipulation and wetting with soft magnetic carpets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021;118:e2111291118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasirimarekani V, Benito-Lopez F, Basabe-Desmonts L. Tunable superparamagnetic ring (tSPRing) for droplet manipulation. Adv Funct Mater. 2021;31:2100178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue Y, Wang H, Zhao Y, et al. Magnetic liquid marbles: a “precise” miniature reactor. Adv Mater. 2010;22:4814–4818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian D, Zhang N, Zheng X, et al. Fast responsive and controllable liquid transport on a magnetic fluid/nanoarray composite interface. ACS Nano. 2016;10:6220–6226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma Z, Wang Q, Ai J, et al. Ferromagnetic liquid droplet on a superhydrophobic surface for the transduction of mechanical energy to electricity based on electromagnetic induction. ACS Nano. 2021;15:12151–12160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorvee JR, Derfus AM, Bhatia SN, et al. Manipulation of liquid droplets using amphiphilic, magnetic one-dimensional photonic crystal chaperones. Nat Mater. 2004;3:896–899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timonen JVI, Latikka M, Leibler L, et al. Switchable static and dynamic self-assembly of magnetic droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces. Science. 2013;341:253–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li A, Li H, Li Z, et al. Programmable droplet manipulation by a magnetic-actuated robot. Sci Adv. 2020;6:eaay5808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diguet A, Guillermic R-M, Magome N, et al. Photomanipulation of a droplet by the chromocapillary effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2009;48:9281–9284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verneuil E, Cordero M, Gallaire F, et al. Laser-Induced force on a microfluidic drop: origin and magnitude. Langmuir. 2009;25:5127–5134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izri Z, van der Linden MN, Michelin S, et al. Self-Propulsion of pure water droplets by spontaneous Marangoni-stress-driven motion. Phys Rev Lett. 2014;113:248302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichikawa M, Takabatake F, Miura K, et al. Controlling negative and positive photothermal migration of centimeter-sized droplets. Phys Rev e Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2013;88:012403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichimura K, Oh SK, Nakagawa M. Light-Driven motion of liquids on a photoresponsive surface. Science. 2000;288:1624–1626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J-A L, Liu Y, Wei J, et al. Photocontrol of fluid slugs in liquid crystal polymer microactuators. Nature. 2016;537:179–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun L, Bian F, Wang Y, et al. Bioinspired programmable wettability arrays for droplets manipulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020;117:4527–4532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li W, Tang X, Wang L. Photopyroelectric microfluidics. Sci Adv. 2020;6:eabc1693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe A, Hasegawa K, Abe Y. Contactless fluid manipulation in air: droplet coalescence and active mixing by acoustic levitation. Sci Rep. 2018;8:10221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasegawa K, Watanabe A, Abe Y. Acoustic manipulation of droplets under reduced gravity. Sci Rep. 2019;9:16603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Zhe J. Recent advances in particle and droplet manipulation for lab-on-a-chip devices based on surface acoustic waves. Lab Chip. 2011;11:1280–1285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezk AR, Ahmed H, Ramesan S, et al. High frequency sonoprocessing: a new field of cavitation-free acoustic materials synthesis, processing, and manipulation. Adv Sci. 2020;8:2001983.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mark D, Haeberle S, Roth G, et al. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip platforms: requirements, characteristics and applications. Chem Soc Rev. 2010;39:1153–1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sáenz PJ, Pucci G, Turton SE, et al. Emergent order in hydrodynamic spin lattices. Nature. 2021;596:58–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sáenz PJ, Cristea-Platon T, Bush JWM. Statistical projection effects in a hydrodynamic pilot-wave system. Nat Phys. 2017;14:315–319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakrabarti A, Choi GPT, Mahadevan L. Self-Excited motions of volatile drops on swellable sheets. Phys Rev Lett. 2020;124:258002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumino Y, Magome N, Hamada T, et al. Self-Running droplet: emergence of regular motion from nonequilibrium noise. Phys Rev Lett. 2005;94:068301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suga M, Suda S, Ichikawa M, et al. Self-Propelled motion switching in nematic liquid crystal droplets in aqueous surfactant solutions. Phys Rev E. 2018;97:062703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Ha NS, Liu TL, et al. Ionic-Surfactant-Mediated electro-dewetting for digital microfluidics. Nature. 2019;572:507–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikapitiya NYJB, Nahar MM, Moon H. Accurate, consistent, and fast droplet splitting and dispensing in electrowetting on dielectric digital microfluidics. Micro Nano Syst Lett. 2017;5:1–10.
   Google Scholar
• T’Mannetje D, Ghosh S, Lagraauw R, et al. Trapping of drops by wetting defects. Nat Commun. 2014;5:3559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai H, Gao C, Sun J, et al. Controllable high-speed electrostatic manipulation of water droplets on a superhydrophobic surface. Adv Mater. 2019;31:e1905449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Q, Wang D, Li Y, et al. Surface charge printing for programmed droplet transport. Nat Mater. 2019;18:936–941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang Q, Liu X, Cui X, et al. Contactless discharge-driven droplet motion on a nonslippery polymer surface. Langmuir. 2021;37:14697–14702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li N, Wu L, Yu C, et al. Ballistic jumping drops on superhydrophobic surfaces via electrostatic manipulation. Adv Mater. 2018;30:1703838.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damak M, Hyder MN, Varanasi KK. Enhancing droplet deposition through in-situ precipitation. Nat Commun. 2016;7:12560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Bista P, Stetten AZ, et al. Spontaneous charging affects the motion of sliding drops. Nat Phys. 2022;18:713–719.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang X, Li W, Wang L. Furcated droplet motility on crystalline surfaces. Nat Nanotechnol. 2021;16:1106–1112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prakash M, Quéré D, Bush JWM. Surface tension transport of prey by feeding shorebirds: the capillary ratchet. Science. 2008;320:931–934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son J, Bae GY, Lee S, et al. Cactus-Spine-Inspired sweat-collecting patch for fast and continuous monitoring of sweat. Adv Mater. 2021;33:e2102740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen H, Ran T, Gan Y, et al. Ultrafast water harvesting and transport in hierarchical microchannels. Nat Mater. 2018;17:935–942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng Y, Bai H, Huang Z, et al. Directional water collection on wetted spider silk. Nature. 2010;463:640–643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker AR, Lawrence CR. Water capture by a desert beetle. Nature. 2001;414:33–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao X, Jiang L. Biophysics: water-repellent legs of water striders. Nature. 2004;432:36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Q, Yao X, Liu H, et al. Self-Removal of condensed water on the legs of water striders. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112:9247–9252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi F, Niu J, Liu J, et al. Towards understanding why a superhydrophobic coating is needed by water striders. Adv Mater. 2007;19:2257–2261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wisdom KM, Watson JA, Qu X, et al. Self-Cleaning of superhydrophobic surfaces by self-propelled jumping condensate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110:7992–7997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouterde T, Lehoucq G, Xavier S, et al. Antifogging abilities of model nanotextures. Nat Mater. 2017;16:658–663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo CM, Wang HB, Dembo M, et al. Cell movement is guided by the rigidity of the substrate. Biophys J. 2000;79:144–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamim SI, Bostwick JB. Model of spontaneous droplet transport on a soft viscoelastic substrate with nonuniform thickness. Phys Rev E. 2021;104:034611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Style RW, Che Y, Park SJ, et al. Patterning droplets with durotaxis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110:12541–12544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-González C, Alert R, Blanch-Mercader C, et al. Active wetting of epithelial tissues. Nat Phys. 2019;15:79–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjelobrk N, Girard H-L, Bengaluru Subramanyam S, et al. Thermocapillary motion on lubricant-impregnated surfaces. Phys Rev Fluids. 2016;1:063902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okada K, Miura Y, Chiya T, et al. Thermo-Responsive wettability via surface roughness change on polymer-coated titanate nanorod brushes toward fast and multi-directional droplet transport. RSC Adv. 2020;10:28032–28036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou K, Guan D, Li H, et al. Programmable light-driven swimming actuators via wavelength signal switching. Sci Adv. 2021;7:eabh3051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouillant A, Lafoux B, Clanet C, et al. Thermophobic Leidenfrost. Soft Matter. 2021;17:8805–8809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhury MK, Whitesides GM. How to make water run uphill. Science. 1992;256:1539–1541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cira NJ, Benusiglio A, Prakash M. Vapour-Mediated sensing and motility in two-component droplets. Nature. 2015;519:446–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leon VJ, Varanasi KK. Self-Propulsion of boiling droplets on thin heated oil films. Phys Rev Lett. 2021;127:074502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Y, Stogin BB, Sun N, et al. A switchable cross-species liquid repellent surface. Adv Mater. 2017;29:1604641.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo P, Wang Z, Heng L, et al. Magnetocontrollable droplet and bubble manipulation on a stable amphibious slippery gel surface. Adv Funct Mater. 2019;29:1808717.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu Y, Antao DS, Xiao R, et al. Real-Time manipulation with magnetically tunable structures. Adv Mater. 2014;26:6442–6446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu D, Lai H, Cheng Z, et al. A magnetic‐driven switchable adhesive superhydrophobic surface for in situ sliding control of superparamagnetic microdroplets. Adv Mater Interfaces. 2022;9:2101660.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan Y, Li S, Wei D, et al. Bioinspired superhydrophobic cilia for droplets transportation and microchemical reaction. Adv Mater Interfaces. 2021;8:2101408.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Zhu Z, Liu P, et al. Magneto-Responsive shutter for on-demand droplet manipulation. Adv Sci. 2021;8:e2103182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadopoulos P, Mammen L, Deng X, et al. How superhydrophobicity breaks down. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110:3254–3258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Quéré D, Lv C, et al. Monostable superrepellent materials. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017;114:3387–3392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han X, Li W, Zhao H, et al. Slippery damper of an overlay for arresting and manipulating droplets on nonwetting surfaces. Nat Commun. 2021;12:3154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng Y, Gao X, Jiang L. Directional adhesion of superhydrophobic butterfly wings. Soft Matter. 2007;3:178–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li P, Zhang B, Zhao H, et al. Unidirectional droplet transport on the biofabricated butterfly wing. Langmuir. 2018;34:12482–12487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Q, Li L, Shi K, et al. Reversible structure engineering of bioinspired anisotropic surface for droplet recognition and transportation. Adv Sci. 2020;7:2001650.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malvadkar NA, Hancock MJ, Sekeroglu K, et al. An engineered anisotropic nanofilm with unidirectional wetting properties. Nat Mater. 2010;9:1023–1028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Yu C, Zhou S, et al. Liquid harvesting and transport on multiscaled curvatures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020;117:23436–23442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Yi S, Yang Z, et al. Laser direct structuring of bioinspired spine with backward microbarbs and hierarchical microchannels for ultrafast water transport and efficient fog harvesting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2020;12:21080–21087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian Y, Zhu P, Tang X, et al. Large-Scale water collection of bioinspired cavity-microfibers. Nat Commun. 2017;8:1080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noblin X, Yang S, Dumais J. Surface tension propulsion of fungal spores. J Exp Biol. 2009;212:2835–2843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu F, Chavez RL, Patek SN, et al. Asymmetric drop coalescence launches fungal ballistospores with directionality. J R Soc Interface. 2017;14:20170083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Hou Y, Liu Y, et al. Directional transport of high-temperature Janus droplets mediated by structural topography. Nat Phys. 2016;12:606–612.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee R, Gruszewski HA, Bilyeu LT, et al. Synergistic dispersal of plant pathogen spores by jumping-droplet condensation and wind. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021;118:e2106938118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang X, Zhu P, Tian Y, et al. Mechano-Regulated surface for manipulating liquid droplets. Nat Commun. 2017;8:14831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma L, Wang J, He J, et al. Biotemplated fabrication of a multifunctional superwettable shape memory film for wearable sensing electronics and smart liquid droplet manipulation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2021;13:31285–31297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Li X, Zheng X, et al. 3D-Printed biomimetic super-hydrophobic structure for microdroplet manipulation and oil/water separation. Adv Mater. 2018;30:1704912.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Song S, Yang J, et al. Controllable Janus porous membrane with liquids manipulation for diverse intelligent energy-free applications. J Memb Sci. 2020;601:117954.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian X, Jin H, Sainio J, et al. Droplet and fluid gating by biomimetic Janus membranes. Adv Funct Mater. 2014;24:6023–6028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding Y, Tu K, Burgert I, et al. Janus wood membranes for autonomous water transport and fog collection. J Mater Chem A Mater Energy Sustain. 2020;8:22001–22008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou H, Wang H, Lin T, et al. A novel Janus fabric with stable amphibious directional oil transport function. Chem Eng J. 2022;427:131936.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang Z, et al. A superhydrophobic surface patterned with hydrophilic channels for directional sliding control and manipulation of droplets. Surf Coat Technol. 2021;409:126836.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manna U, Lynn DM. Fabrication of liquid-infused surfaces using reactive polymer multilayers: principles for manipulating the behaviors and mobilities of aqueous fluids on slippery liquid interfaces. Adv Mater. 2015;27:3007–3012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tenjimbayashi M, Higashi M, Yamazaki T, et al. Droplet motion control on dynamically hydrophobic patterned surfaces as multifunctional liquid manipulators. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017;9:10371–10377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linke H, Alemán BJ, Melling LD, et al. Self-Propelled Leidenfrost droplets. Phys Rev Lett. 2006;96:154502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagubeau G, Le Merrer M, Clanet C, et al. Leidenfrost on a ratchet. Nat Phys. 2011;7:395–398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertaniemi H, Forchheimer R, Ikkala O, et al. Rebounding droplet-droplet collisions on superhydrophobic surfaces: from the phenomenon to droplet logic. Adv Mater. 2012;24:5738–5743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang X, Zhuang K, Lu Y, et al. Creation of topological ultraslippery surfaces for droplet motion control. ACS Nano. 2021;15:2589–2599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong Z, Vuckovac M, Cui W, et al. 3D printing of superhydrophobic objects with bulk nanostructure. Adv Mater. 2021;33:e2106068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayase G, Yoshino D. CNC-Milled superhydrophobic macroporous monoliths for 3D cell culture. ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2020;3:4747–4750.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Graeber G, Martin Kieliger OB, Schutzius TM, et al. 3D-Printed surface architecture enhancing superhydrophobicity and viscous droplet repellency. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018;10:43275–43281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai X, Sun N, Nielsen SO, et al. Hydrophilic directional slippery rough surfaces for water harvesting. Sci Adv. 2018;4:eaaq0919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding Y, Jia L, Peng Q, et al. Critical sliding angle of water droplet on parallel hydrophobic grooved surface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2020;585:124083.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang P, Liu H, Meng J, et al. Grooved organogel surfaces towards anisotropic sliding of water droplets. Adv Mater. 2014;26:3131–3135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manabe K, Matsubayashi T, Tenjimbayashi M, et al. Controllable broadband optical transparency and wettability switching of temperature-activated solid/liquid-infused nanofibrous membranes. ACS Nano. 2016;10:9387–9396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen C, Huang Z, Jiao Y, et al. In situ reversible control between sliding and pinning for diverse liquids under ultra-low voltage. ACS Nano. 2019;13:5742–5752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han K, Wang Z, Heng L, et al. Photothermal slippery surfaces towards spatial droplet manipulation. J Mater Chem A Mater Energy Sustain. 2021;9:16974–16981.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen C, Huang Z, Zhu S, et al. In situ electric-induced switchable transparency and wettability on laser-ablated bioinspired paraffin-impregnated slippery surfaces. Adv Sci. 2021;8:e2100701.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen H, Zhang P, Zhang L, et al. Continuous directional water transport on the peristome surface of Nepenthes alata. Nature. 2016;532:85–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Dai H, Gao C, et al. Bioinspired inner microstructured tube controlled capillary rise. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;116:12704–12709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu K-H, Xiao R, Wang EN. Uni-Directional liquid spreading on asymmetric nanostructured surfaces. Nat Mater. 2010;9:413–417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comanns P, Buchberger G, Buchsbaum A, et al. Directional, passive liquid transport: the Texas horned lizard as a model for a biomimetic “liquid diode. J R Soc Interface. 2015;12:20150415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy RJ. Directional water-shedding properties of feathers. Nature. 1970;227:736–737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi W, Tuteja A, Chhatre S, et al. Fabrics with tunable oleophobicity. Adv Mater. 2009;21:2190–2195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luan K, He M, Xu B, et al. Spontaneous directional self‐cleaning on the feathers of the aquatic bird anser cygnoides domesticus induced by a transient superhydrophilicity. Adv Funct Mater. 2021;31:2010634.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng S, Zhu P, Zheng H, et al. Three-Dimensional capillary ratchet-induced liquid directional steering. Science. 2021;373:1344–1348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tenjimbayashi M, Kawamura K, Shiratori S, et al. Continuous directional water transport on hydrophobic slippery ventral skin of Lampropeltis pyromelana. Adv Mater Interfaces. 2020;7:2000984.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu M, Li Y, Chen G, et al. Tree-Inspired design for high-efficiency water extraction. Adv Mater. 2017;29:1704107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rico-Guevara A, Rubega MA. The hummingbird tongue is a fluid trap, not a capillary tube. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108:9356–9360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samy RA, George D, Sen AK. Bio-Inspired liquid transport via elastocapillary interaction of a thin membrane with a liquid meniscus. Soft Matter. 2017;13:6858–6869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim W, Peaudecerf F, Baldwin M, et al. The hummingbird’s tongue: a self-assembling capillary syphon. Proc Biol Sci. 2012;279:4990–4996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foresti D, Kroll KT, Amissah R, et al. Acoustophoretic printing. Sci Adv. 2018;4:eaat1659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L, Li W, Sun Q, et al. Dual surface architectonics for directed self-assembly of ultrahigh-resolution electronics. Small. 2021;17:e2101754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popova AA, Schillo SM, Demir K, et al. Droplet-Array (DA) sandwich chip: a versatile platform for high-throughput cell screening based on superhydrophobic-superhydrophilic micropatterning. Adv Mater. 2015;27:5217–5222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Y, Rather AM, Yao Y, et al. Liquid crystal-based open surface microfluidics manipulate liquid mobility and chemical composition on demand. Sci Adv. 2021;7:eabi7607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Shkolyar E, Wang J, et al. SLIPS-LAB-A bioinspired bioanalysis system for metabolic evaluation of urinary stone disease. Sci Adv. 2020;6:eaba8535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han H, Lee JS, Kim H, et al. Single-Droplet multiplex bioassay on a robust and stretchable extreme wetting substrate through vacuum-based droplet manipulation. ACS Nano. 2018;12:932–941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Li J, Xiang L, et al. A biocompatible vibration-actuated omni-droplets rectifier with large volume range fabricated by femtosecond laser. Adv Mater. 2022;34:e2108567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu W, Zheng H, Liu Y, et al. A droplet-based electricity generator with high instantaneous power density. Nature. 2020;578:392–396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu C, Sun J, Zhuang Y, et al. Self-Propelled droplet-based electricity generation. Nanoscale. 2018;10:23164–23169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miljkovic N, Enright R, Nam Y, et al. Jumping-Droplet-Enhanced condensation on scalable superhydrophobic nanostructured surfaces. Nano Lett. 2013;13:179–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boreyko JB, Chen C-H. Self-Propelled dropwise condensate on superhydrophobic surfaces. Phys Rev Lett. 2009;103:184501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhu J, et al. Elevating Leidenfrost temperature by orderly droplet stream impingement boiling. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2022;194:122976.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirota M, van Limbeek MAJ, Sun C, et al. Dynamic Leidenfrost effect: relevant time and length scales. Phys Rev Lett. 2016;116:064501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang M, Wang Y, Liu F, et al. Inhibiting the Leidenfrost effect above 1,000 °C for sustained thermal cooling. Nature. 2022;601:568–572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourrianne P, Lv C, Quéré D. The cold Leidenfrost regime. Sci Adv. 2019;5:eaaw0304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medici M-G, Mongruel A, Royon L, et al. Edge effects on water droplet condensation. Phys Rev e Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2014;90:062403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai H, Wang L, Ju J, et al. Efficient water collection on integrative bioinspired surfaces with star-shaped wettability patterns. Adv Mater. 2014;26:5025–5030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo H, Lu Y, Yin S, et al. Robust platform for water harvesting and directional transport. J Mater Chem A Mater Energy Sustain. 2018;6:5635–5643.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu L, Dong Z, Cai Z, et al. Highly efficient three-dimensional solar evaporator for high salinity desalination by localized crystallization. Nat Commun. 2020;11:521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geyer F, D’Acunzi M, Sharifi-Aghili A, et al. When and how self-cleaning of superhydrophobic surfaces works. Sci Adv. 2020;6:eaaw9727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang M, Wang L, Feng S, et al. A strategy of antifogging: air-trapped hollow microsphere nanocomposites. Chem Mater. 2017;29:2899–2905.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo Y-Q, Song F, Xu C, et al. Bioinspired fabrication of asymmetric wood materials for directional liquid manipulation and transport. Chem Eng J. 2020;383:123168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nørgaard AW, Hansen JS, Sørli JB, et al. Pulmonary toxicity of perfluorinated silane-based nanofilm spray products: solvent dependency. Toxicol Sci. 2014;137:179–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakanishi T. Functional organic liquids. Germany: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Daeneke T, Khoshmanesh K, Mahmood N, et al. Liquid metals: fundamentals and applications in chemistry. Chem Soc Rev. 2018;47:4073–4111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Kent N, Ceballos A, et al. Reconfigurable ferromagnetic liquid droplets. Science. 2019;365:264–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li S, Batra R, Brown D, et al. Particle robotics based on statistical mechanics of loosely coupled components. Nature. 2019;567:361–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haeger A, Wolf K, Zegers MM, et al. Collective cell migration: guidance principles and hierarchies. Trends Cell Biol. 2015;25:556–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar