References
- AOSIS. (1991). Submission on Behalf of AOSIS: Draft Annex Relating to Article 23 (Insurance) for Inclusion in the Revised Single Text on Elements Relating to Mechanisms. In Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on Climate Change: Working Group II, Vanuatu, (A/AC.237/WG.II/Misc.13). Submitted by the Co-Chairmen of Working Group II, 4th session, Agenda Item 2(b), UN Doc A/AC.237/WG.II/CRP.8.
- Ardern, J. (2018, April 18). The commonwealth can Kickstart a global offensive on climate change. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/18/commonwealth-global-climate-change-new-zealanders
- Australian Broadcasting Corporation. (2015). Tropical cyclone Pam. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-03-21/un-raises-vanuatu-cyclone-death-toll/6337816
- Benjamin, L., Thomas, A., & Haynes, R. (2018). An ‘Islands’ COP’? Loss and damage at COP23. Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law, 27, 332–340. doi: 10.1111/reel.12255
- Bodanksy, D. (2017). The role of the international court of justice in addressing climate change: Some preliminary reflections. Arizona State Law Journal, 49, 659–712.
- Brown, R. (2013, March 4). The rising tide of climate change cases. The Yale Globalist. Retrieved from http://tyglobalist.org/in-the-magazine/theme/the-rising-tide-of-climate-change-cases/
- Burger, M., & Wentz, J. (2018). Holding fossil fuel companies accountable for their contribution to climate change: Where does the law stand? Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 74(6), 397–403. doi: 10.1080/00963402.2018.1533217
- Burkett, M. (2013). A justice paradox: On climate change, Small Island developing states, and the quest for effective legal remedy. University of Hawaii Law Review, 35(2), 633–670.
- Burkett, M. (2014). Loss and damage. Climate Law, 4(1-2), 119–130. doi: 10.1163/18786561-00402010
- Calliari, E. (2018). Loss and damage: A critical discourse analysis of parties’ positions in climate change negotiations. Journal of Risk Research, 21(6), 725–747. doi: 10.1080/13669877.2016.1240706
- Cho, R. (2016). El Niño and global warming- what’s the connection? State of the Planet, Earth Institute, Columbia University. Retrieved from https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2016/02/02/el-nino-and-global-warming-whats-the-connection/
- Darby, M. (2018, April 16). UK labour supports call for “climate damages tax” on companies. Climate Home News. Retrieved from http://www.climatechangenews.com/2018/04/16/uk-labour-supports-call-climate-damages-tax-oil-companies/
- Duffy, H. (2018). Strategic human rights litigation: Understanding and maximising impact. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
- Esler, S. (2015). Vanuatu post-disaster needs assessment: Tropical cyclone Pam. Assessment Report, Government of Vanuatu. Retrieved from http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/Pages/vanuatu-post-disaster-needs-assessment-tropical-cyclone-pam-march-2015.aspx
- Farber, D. A. (2008). The case for climate compensation: Justice for climate change victims in a complex world. Utah Law Review, 1, 377–413.
- Frumhoff, P., Heede, R., & Oreskes, N. (2015). The climate responsibilities of industrial carbon producers. Climatic Change, 132(2), 157–171. doi: 10.1007/s10584-015-1472-5
- Gage, A., & Wewerinke, M. (2015). Taking climate justice into our own hands: A model climate compensation act. Vancouver: West Coast Environmental Law.
- Ganguly, G., Setzer, J., & Heyvaert, V. (2018). If at first you don’t succeed: suing corporations for climate change. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 38(1), 841–868. doi: 10.1093/ojls/gqy029
- Garschagen, M., et al. (2015). World risk report 2015. Report, United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security and Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft. Retrieved from https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:3303/WRR_2015_engl_online.pdf
- Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery. (2009). Reducing the risk of disasters and climate variability in the Pacific Islands. Republic of Vanuatu Country Assessment, World Bank. Retrieved from https://www.sprep.org/att/irc/ecopies/countries/vanuatu/113.pdf
- Government of Vanuatu. (2018a). National policy on climate change and disaster-induced displacement. Retrieved from https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/press_release/file/iom-vanuatu-policy-climate-change-disaster-induced-displacement-2018.pdf
- Government of Vanuatu. (2018b, December 3). High-level statement of Hon. Minister Ralph Regenvanu to the 24th Conference of the parties to the UNFCCC. On file with the authors.
- Hafner-Burton, E. M., Victor, D. G., & Lupu, Y. (2012). Political science research on international law: The state of the field. The American Journal of International Law, 106(1), 47–97. doi: 10.5305/amerjintelaw.106.1.0047
- Heltberg, R., Siegel, P. B., & Jorgensen, S. L. (2009). Addressing human vulnerability to climate change: Toward a “no-regrets” approach. Global Environmental Change, 19(1), 89–99. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.11.003
- Hoffmaister, J. P., Talakai, M., Damptey, P., & Barbosa, A. S. (2014). Warsaw international mechanism for loss and damage: Moving from polarizing discussions towards addressing the emerging challenges faced by developing countries. Kuala Lumpur: Third World Network. Retrieved from http://www.twn.my/title2/climate/info.service/2014/cc140101/Opinion%20LD-060114.pdf
- Hunter, D. B. (2009). The implications of climate change litigation: Litigation for international environmental law-making. In W. C. G. Burns & H. M. Osofsky (Eds.), Adjudicating climate change: State, national and international approaches (pp. 357–374). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Huq, S., Roberts, E., & Fenton, A. (2013). Loss and damage. Nature Climate Change, 3, 947–949. doi: 10.1038/nclimate2026
- Hurley, L. (2011, September 2018). Island nation girds for legal battle against industrial emissions. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/gwire/2011/09/28/28greenwire-island-nation-girds-for-legal-battle-against-i-60949.html?pagewanted=all
- Ieyoub and Eisenberg. (2000). State attorney general actions, the tobacco litigation, and the doctrine of Parens Patriae. Tulane Law Review, 74, 1859–1884.
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2018). Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. Edited by V. Masson-Delmotte, et al. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization.
- Isaac, J., Jumeau, R., Mahmud, A. I., & Regenvanu, R. (2018, May 2). When will the world’s polluters start paying for the mess they made? Climate Home News. Retrieved from http://www.climatechangenews.com/2018/05/02/will-worlds-polluters-start-paying-mess-made
- Jacobs, R. E. (2005). Treading deep waters: Substantive law issues in Tuvalu’s threat to sue the United States in the international court of justice. Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, 14(1), 103–128.
- Kyoto Protocol. (1997). 2303 UNTS 148.
- Kysar, D. A. (2011). What climate change can do about tort law. Environmental Law, 41(1), 1–71.
- Lees, E. (2017). Responsibility and liability for climate loss and damage after Paris. Climate Policy, 17(1), 59–70. doi: 10.1080/14693062.2016.1197095
- Linnerooth-Bayer, J., Mace, M. J., & Verheyen, R. (2003). Insurance-related actions and risk assessment in the context of the UNFCCC. Bonn: UNFCCC Secretariat.
- Mace, M. J., & Verheyen, R. (2016). Loss, damage and responsibility after COP21: All options open for the Paris agreement. Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, 25(2), 197–214. doi: 10.1111/reel.12172
- Oxford Living Dictionary. (2018). Compensation. Retrieved from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/compensation
- Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative. (2011). Country risk profile: Vanuatu. Retrieved from http://pcrafi.spc.int/documents/136
- Paris Agreement. (2015).
- Peel, J., & Osofsky, H. M. (2015). Climate change litigation: Regulatory pathways to cleaner energy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Pekkarinen, V., Toussaint, P., & Van Asselt, H. (2019). Loss and damage after Paris: Moving beyond rhetoric. Carbon and Climate Law Review, 13(1), 31–49. doi: 10.21552/cclr/2019/1/6
- Rajamani, L. (2015). Addressing loss and damage from climate change impacts. Economics & Political Weekly, L, 30, 17–21.
- Regenvanu, R., & Persaud, A. (2018, December 10). It’s time for those who caused climate change to pay for it. Reuters. Retrieved from http://news.trust.org/item/20181206165251-g7ixe/
- Republic of Vanuatu. (2018a). Submission to the executive committee of the Warsaw international mechanism for loss and damage of the UNFCCC. Retrieved from http://unfccc.int/files/adaptation/workstreams/loss_and_damage/application/pdf/vanuatu_submission.pdf
- Republic of Vanuatu. (2018b). Declaration by the Republic of Vanuatu. United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved from https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&lang=_en&clang=_en
- Republic of Vanuatu. (2018c). Statement by the Honorable Ralph Regenvanu, Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation and external trade of the Republic of Vanuatu at the 2018 Climate Vulnerable Forum virtual summit on 22 November 2018. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kst10ZfSKPc
- Reuters. (2002, August). Tuvalu seeks help in US global warming Lawsuit. Retrieved from https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/619493/mod_resource/content/1/reading1d.pdf
- Richards, J.-A., Hillman, D., & Boughey, L. (2018, December). The climate damages tax: A guide to what it is and how it works. London: Stamp Out Poverty. Retrieved from https://www.stampoutpoverty.org/cdt/further-information/
- Roberts, E., & Huq, S. (2015). Coming full circle: The history of loss and damage under the UNFCCC. International Journal of Global Warming, 8(2), 141–157. doi: 10.1504/IJGW.2015.071964
- Sands, P. (2016). Climate change and the rule of law: Adjudicating the future in international law. Journal of Environmental Law, 28, 19–35. doi: 10.1093/jel/eqw005
- Savaresi, A., Hartmann, J., & Cismas, I. (2019). The impacts of climate change and human rights: Some early reflections on the carbon majors inquiry. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3277568
- Schwarte, C., & Byrne, R. (2011). International climate change litigation and the negotiation process. London: FIELD Working Paper. Retrieved from http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/FIELD_cclit_long_Oct.pdf
- Siegele, L. (2018). Loss and damage (Article 8). In D. Klein, M. P. Carazo, M. Doelle, J. Bulmer, & A. Higham (Eds.), The Paris agreement on climate change: Analysis and commentary (pp. 224–238). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Singh, H. (2018, May 14). Expert dialogue underscores finance gap to address climate induced “loss and damage”. Kuala Lumpur: Third World Network. Retrieved from https://twnetwork.org/climate-change/expert-dialogue-underscores-finance-gap-address-climate-induced-loss-and-damage
- Sopko, S. P., & Falvey, R. J. (2015). Annual tropical cyclone report 2015. Joint Typhoon Warning Center.
- SPREP. (2015). We the Pacific: Amplifying the Pacific voice at COP21. Press Release of 2 December 2015. Retrieved from http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1512/S00009/we-the-pacific-amplifying-the-pacific-voice-at-cop21.htm
- Tschakert, P., Ellis, N. R., Anderson, C., Kelly, A., & Obeng, J. (2019). One thousand ways to experience loss: A systematic analysis of climate-related intangible harm from around the world. Global Environmental Change, 55, 58–72. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.11.006
- UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2010). Vanuatu national assessment report: 5 year review of the Mauritius strategy for further implementation of the Barbados programme of action for sustainable development. New York: United Nations.
- UNFCCC. (2007). Bali action plan. Decision 1/CP.13, FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1.
- UNFCCC. (2013). Warsaw international mechanism for loss and damage associated with climate change impacts. Decision 2/CP.19, FCCC/CP/2013/10/Add.1.
- UNFCCC. (2014). Report of the executive committee of the Warsaw international mechanism for loss and damage associated with climate change impacts. Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, FCCC/SB/2014/4, Annex II.
- UNFCCC. (2015a). Adoption of the Paris agreement. Decision 1/CP.21, FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1.
- UNFCCC. (2015b). Draft Paris outcome: Proposal by the president. Draft Text on COP21 agenda item 4(b), Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (decision 1/CP.17) Adoption of a Protocol, Another Legal Instrument, or an Agreed Outcome with Legal Force under the Convention Applicable to All Parties, Version 2 of 10 December 2015 at 21:00 (on file with the authors).
- UNFCCC. (2017a). Report of the executive committee of the Warsaw international mechanism for loss and damage associated with climate change Impacts. Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, Doc FCCC/SB/2017/1/Add1, Annex.
- UNFCCC. (2017b). Warsaw international mechanism for loss and damage associated with climate change impacts. Decision 5/CP.23, FCCC/CP/2017/11/Add.1.
- UNFCCC. (2018a). Report of the Suva expert dialogue on loss and damage associated with climate change impacts. Bonn: UNFCCC Secretariat. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SUVA%20Report_ver_20180914.pdf
- UNFCCC. (2018b). Report of the executive committee of the Warsaw international mechanism for loss and damage associated with climate change impacts. Advance unedited version. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cp24_auv_ec%20wim.pdf
- UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (1992). 1771 UNTS 107.
- United Kingdom Sustainable Investment and Finance Association and Climate Change Collaboration. (2018). Not long now: survey of fund managers’ responses to climate-related risks facing fossil fuel companies. Retrieved from http://uksif.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/UPDATED-UKSIF-Not-Long-Now-Survey-report-2018-ilovepdf-compressed.pdf
- UN Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States. (2018). Graduation from LDC category: Historical background. New York: UN DESA. Retrieved from http://unohrlls.org/custom-content/uploads/2018/12/historical-background-on-graduation-updated-Dec2018.pdf
- Vanhala, L., & Hestbaek, C. (2016). Framing climate change loss and damage in UNFCCC negotiations. Global Environmental Politics, 16(4), 111–129. doi: 10.1162/GLEP_a_00379
- Vanuatu Metrology and Geo-Hazards Department. (2017). Increasing resilience to climate change and natural hazards: environment and social management framework. World Bank Project Doc No SFG2255 REV, Government of Vanuatu. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/349571468132625631/pdf/SFG2255-REVISED-EA-P112611-Box402910B-PUBLIC-Disclosed-5–23–2017.pdf
- Vanuatu National Statistics Office. (2017). 2016 post-TC Pam mini-census report. Port Vila: Government of Vanuatu. Retrieved from https://vnso.gov.vu/index.php/component/advlisting/?view=download&fileId=4542
- Verheyen, R. (2005). Climate change damage and international law: Prevention duties and state responsibility. Leiden: Brill.
- Wallimann-Helmer, I. (2015). Justice for climate loss and damage. Climatic Change, 133(3), 469–480. doi: 10.1007/s10584-015-1483-2
- Warner, K., & Zakieldeen, S. A. (2011). Loss and damage due to climate change: An overview of the UNFCCC negotiations. European Capacity Building Initiative. Retrieved from https://oxfordclimatepolicy.org/publications/documents/LossandDamage.pdf
- Wewerinke-Singh, M. (2019). State responsibility, climate change and human rights under international law. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
- Wewerinke-Singh, M., & Doebbler, C. (2016). The Paris agreement: Some critical reflections on process and substance. University of New South Wales Law Journal, 39(4), 1486–1517.
- Wewerinke-Singh, M., & Van Geelen, T. (2019). Protection of climate displaced persons under international law: A case study from Mataso Island, Vanuatu. Melbourne Journal of International Law, 19(2), 1–37.