Public support for phasing out carbon-intensive technologies: the end of the road for conventional cars in Germany?

References

• Abrahamse, W., Steg, L., Vlek, C., & Rothengatter, T. (2005). A review of intervention studies aimed at household energy conservation. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(3), 273–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.08.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adner, R., & Kapoor, R. (2016). Innovation ecosystems and the pace of substitution: Re-examining technology S-curves. Strategic Management Journal, 37(4), 625–648. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arel-Bundock, V. (2023). ‘Marginaleffects: Predictions, Comparisons, Slopes, Marginal Means, and Hypothesis Tests. R Package Version 0.9.0’. https://vincentarelbundock.github.io/marginaleffects/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Arning, K., & Ziefle, M. (2020). Defenders of diesel: Anti-decarbonisation efforts and the pro-diesel protest movement in Germany. Energy Research & Social Science, 63(May), 101410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101410
   Google Scholar
• Axsen, J., Plötz, P., & Wolinetz, M. (2020). Crafting strong, integrated policy mixes for deep CO2 mitigation in road transport. Nature Climate Change, 10(9), 809–818. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0877-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamberg, S., & Möser, G. (2007). Twenty years after hines, hungerford, and tomera: A new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamberg, S., & Rölle, D. (2003). Determinants of people’s acceptability of pricing measures – replication and extension of a causal model. In J. Schade, & B. Schlag (Eds.), Acceptability of transport pricing strategies (pp. 235–248). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Bamberg, S., & Schmidt, P. (2003). Incentives, morality, or habit? Predicting students’ car use for university routes with the models of Ajzen, Schwartz, and Triandis. Environment and Behavior, 35(2), 264–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916502250134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banister, D., Pucher, J., & Lee-Gosselin, M. (2007). Making sustainable transport politically and publicly acceptable. In P. Rietveld & R. Stough (Eds.), Institutions and sustainable transport: Regulatory reform in advanced economies (pp. 17–50). Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, R., & Vijaygopal, R. (2018). An assessment of UK drivers’ attitudes regarding the forthcoming Ban on the sale of petrol and diesel Vehicles. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 62(July), 330–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2018.03.017
   Google Scholar
• Blankenberg, A.-K., & Alhusen, H. (2019). On the determinants of pro-environmental behavior: A literature review and guide for the empirical economist. SSRN Electronic Journal, 350(October), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3473702.8
   Google Scholar
• Bloomberg CityLab. (2021). ‘Like basic income, But for Transportation’. Bloomberg.Com, 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-11/u-s-cities-test-effects-of-universal-basic-mobility.
   Google Scholar
• Bonate, P. L. (2000). Analysis of pretest-posttest designs. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
   Google Scholar
• Brand, C., Anable, J., Ketsopoulou, I., & Watson, J. (2020). Road to zero or road to nowhere? Disrupting transport and energy in a zero carbon world. Energy Policy, 139(April), 111334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111334
   Google Scholar
• Breiman, L. (2001). Random forests. Machine Learning, 45(1), 5–32. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010933404324
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broadbent, G. H., Drozdzewski, D., & Metternicht, G. (2018). Electric vehicle adoption: An analysis of best practice and pitfalls for policy making from experiences of Europe and the US. Geography Compass, 12(2), e12358. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12358
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brückmann, G., & Bernauer, T. (2020). What drives public support for policies to enhance electric vehicle adoption? Environmental Research Letters, 15(9), 094002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab90a5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brückmann, G., Willibald, F., & Blanco, V. (2021). Battery electric vehicle adoption in regions without strong policies. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 90(January), 102615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102615
   Google Scholar
• Bryer, J., & Speerschneider, K. (2016). Likert: Analysis and Visualization Likert Items (version 1.3.5). https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=likert.
   Google Scholar
• Bühlmann, P., & Yu, B. (2002). Analyzing bagging. The Annals of Statistics, 30(4), 927–961. https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1031689014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Vol. Handbook of Research on Teaching. Houghton Mifflin Company.
   Google Scholar
• Carley, S., Krause, R. M., Lane, B. W., & Graham, J. D. (2013). Intent to purchase a plug-in electric vehicle: A survey of early impressions in large US Cites. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 18(January), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2012.09.007
   Google Scholar
• Chong, D., & Druckman, J. N. (2007). Framing theory. Annual Review of Political Science, 10(1), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifford, S., Sheagley, G., & Piston, S. (2021). Increasing precision without altering treatment effects: Repeated measures designs in survey experiments. American Political Science Review, 115(3), 1048–1065. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055421000241
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffman, M., Bernstein, P., & Wee, S. (2017). Electric vehicles revisited: A review of factors that affect adoption. Transport Reviews, 37(1), 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2016.1217282
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutler, F. original by Leo Breiman and Adele, and R. port by Andy Liaw, & Wiener, M. (2018). RandomForest: Breiman and Cutler’s Random Forests for Classification and Regression (version 4.6-14). https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=randomForest.
   Google Scholar
• Dechezlepretre, A., Fabre, A., Kruse, T., Planterose, B., Sanchez Chico, A., & Stantcheva, S. (2022). ‘Fighting Climate Change: International Attitudes Toward Climate Policies’. NBER Working Paper No. w30265: 149.
   Google Scholar
• Delmas, M. A., Fischlein, M., & Asensio, O. I. (2013). Information strategies and energy conservation behavior: A meta-analysis of experimental studies from 1975 to 2012. Energy Policy, 61(October), 729–739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.109
   Google Scholar
• Diener, S. E., & Fujita, F. (1996). Events and subjective well-being: Only recent events matter. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), 1091–1102. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.5.1091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drews, S., & Van den Bergh, J. C. (2016). What explains public support for climate policies? A review of empirical and experimental studies. Climate Policy, 16(7), 855–876. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2015.1058240
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunlap, R. E., & Van Liere, K. D. (2008). The “New environmental paradigm”. The Journal of Environmental Education, 40(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOEE.40.1.19-28
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egan, P. J., & Mullin, M. (2017). Climate change: US public opinion. Annual Review of Political Science, 20(1), 209–227. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051215-022857
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fesenfeld, L., Sun, Y., Wicki, M., Beiser-McGrath, L., & Bernauer, T. (2021). Systematic review raises doubts about the effectiveness of framing in climate change communication. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-445613/v1
   Google Scholar
• Fesenfeld, L. P. (2020). The effects of policy design complexity on public support for climate Policy. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3708920
   Google Scholar
• Festinger, L. (1962). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Filippini, M., & Wekhof, T. (2021). The effect of culture on energy efficient vehicle Ownership. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 105(January), 102400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2020.102400
   Google Scholar
• Finkelstein, S. N., & Gilbert, D. L. (1985). Scientific evidence and the abandonment of medical technology: A study of eight drugs. Research Policy, Special Issue on Innovation in Medical Technology, 14(4), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(85)80014-7
   Google Scholar
• Fraunhofer IAO. (2018). Wirkungen Der Fahrzeugelektrifizierung Auf Die Beschäftigung Am Standort Deutschland.Pdf. ELAB 2.0. Fraunhofer-Institut für Arbeitswirtschaft und Organisation.
   Google Scholar
• Frey, B. S. (1988). Ipsative and objective limits to human behavior. Journal of Behavioral Economics, 17(4), 229–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-5720(88)90012-5
   Google Scholar
• Fullerton, A. S., & Anderson, K. F. (2023). Ordered regression models: A tutorial. Prevention Science, 24, 431–443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-021-01302-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulton, L. M., Myers Jaffe, A., & McDonald, Z.. (2019). Internal combustion engine bans and global oil use (Research Report – UCD-ITS-RR-19-45). UC Davis, Institute of Transportation Studies. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/52j400b1
   Google Scholar
• Galgóczi, B. (2020). Just transition on the ground: Challenges and opportunities for social dialogue. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 26(4), 367–382. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959680120951704
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gärling, T., & Schuitema, G. (2007). Travel demand management targeting reduced private car use: Effectiveness, public acceptability and political feasibility. Journal of Social Issues, 63(1), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00500.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• German Environment Agency. (2022). ‘Submission under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol 2022. National Inventory Report for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990 - 2020’. Climate Change 25/2022. Dessau-Roßlau: German Environment Agency. https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/1410/publikationen/2022-05-31_climate-change_25-2022_nir-2022_en.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Gössling, S., & Metzler, D. (2017). Germany’s climate policy: Facing an automobile dilemma. Energy Policy, 105(June), 418–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.03.019
   Google Scholar
• Green, F. (2018). Anti-fossil fuel norms. Climatic Change, 150(1-2), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-2134-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwood, B. N., Agarwal, R., Agarwal, R., & Gopal, A. (2017). The when and why of abandonment: The role of organizational differences In medical technology life cycles. Management Science, 63(9), 2948–2966. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2490
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groot, D., Judith, I. M., & Steg, L. (2007). Value orientations and environmental beliefs in five countries. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38(3), 318–332. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022107300278
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross, M., & Sonnberger, M. (2020). How the diesel engine became a “dirty” actant: Compression ignitions and actor networks of blame. Energy Research & Social Science, 61(March), 101359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101359
   Google Scholar
• Haas, T. (2021). From green energy to the green car state? The political economy of ecological modernisation in Germany. New Political Economy, 26(4), 660–673. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2020.1816949
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hackbarth, A., & Madlener, R. (2012). Consumer preferences for alternative fuel vehicles: A discrete choice Analysis. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2236286. Social Science Research Network.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton, L. C., Bell, E., Hartter, J., & Salerno, J. D. (2018). A change in the wind? US public views on renewable energy and climate compared. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 8(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-018-0152-5
   Google Scholar
• Heyen, A. D., Hermwille, L., & Wehnert, T. (2017). Out of the comfort zone! governing the exnovation of unsustainable technologies and Practices. GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, 26(4), 326–331. https://doi.org/10.14512/gaia.26.4.9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, S., Weyer, J., & Longen, J. (2017). Discontinuation of the automobility regime? An integrated approach to multi-level governance. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 103(C), 391–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.06.016
   Google Scholar
• Hoppmann, J., Huenteler, J., & Girod, B. (2014). Compulsive policy-making—The evolution of the German feed-in tariff system for solar photovoltaic power. Research Policy, 43(8), 1422–1441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.01.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huber, R. A., & Wicki, M. (2021). What explains citizen support for transport policy? The roles of policy design, trust in government and proximity among Swiss Citizens. Energy Research & Social Science, 75(May), 101973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.101973
   Google Scholar
• Hunecke, M., Blöbaum, A., Matthies, E., & Höger, R. (2001). Responsibility and environment. Environment and Behavior, 33(6), 830–852. https://doi.org/10.1177/00139160121973269
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICCT. (2020). ‘European Vehicle Market Statistics: Pocketbook 2019-2020’. ICCT (The International Council on Clean Transportation).
   Google Scholar
• IEA. (2021). ‘Data and Statistics. CO2 Emissions by Sector, European Union - 28’. IEA (International Energy Agency). 2021. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Jakobsson, C., Fujii, S., & Gärling, T. (2000). Determinants of private car users’ acceptance of road Pricing. Transport Policy, 7(2), 153–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-070X(00)00005-6
   Google Scholar
• Jensen, A. F., Cherchi, E., & Mabit, S. L. (2013). On the stability of preferences and attitudes before and after experiencing an electric vehicle. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 25(December), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2013.07.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jewell, J., Vinichenko, V., Nacke, L., & Cherp, A. (2019). Prospects for powering past coal. Nature Climate Change, 9(8), 592–597. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0509-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J. L., & Thaler, R. H. (1991). Anomalies: The endowment effect, loss aversion, and status quo bias. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.1.193
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassambara, A. (2021). Rstatix: Pipe-Friendly Framework for Basic Statistical Tests (version 0.7.0). https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rstatix.
   Google Scholar
• Kingsford, C., & Salzberg, S. L. (2008). What are decision trees? Nature Biotechnology, 26(9), 1011–1013. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0908-1011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knobloch, F., Hanssen, S. V., Lam, A., Pollitt, H., Salas, P., Chewpreecha, U., Huijbregts, M. A. J., & Mercure, J.-F. (2020). Net emission reductions from electric cars and heat pumps in 59 world regions over time. Nature Sustainability, 3(6), 437–447. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0488-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koretsky, Z., & van Lente, H. (2020). Technology phase-out as unravelling of socio-technical configurations: Cloud seeding case. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 37(December), 302–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2020.10.002
   Google Scholar
• Kyselá, E., Ščasný, M., & Zvěřinová, I. (2019). Attitudes toward climate change mitigation policies: A review of measures and a construct of policy attitudes. Climate Policy, 19(7), 878–892. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1611534
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lange, V., Paul, A. M., Joireman, J., Parks, C. D., & Van Dijk, E. (2013). The psychology of social dilemmas: A review. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 120(2), 125–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lind, E., & Tyler, T. (1989). The social psychology of procedural justice. Contemporary Sociology, 18, https://doi.org/10.2307/2073346
   Google Scholar
• Lindenberg, S., & Steg, L. (2007). Normative, gain and hedonic goal frames guiding environmental behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 63(1), 117–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00499.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, H., & Schuldt, J. P. (2015). Exploring the role of incidental emotions in support for climate change policy. Climatic Change, 131(4), 719–726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-015-1443-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markard, J. (2018). The next phase of the energy transition and its implications for research and policy. Nature Energy, 3(8), 628–633. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0171-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markard, J., Bento, N., Kittner, N., & Nuñez-Jimenez, A. (2020). Destined for decline? Examining nuclear energy from a technological innovation systems Perspective. Energy Research & Social Science, 67(September), 101512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101512
   Google Scholar
• McCright, A. M., & Dunlap, R. E. (2011). The politicization of climate change and polarization in the American public’s views of global warming, 2001–2010. The Sociological Quarterly, 52(2), 155–194. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01198.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meckling, J., & Nahm, J. (2019). The politics of technology bans: Industrial policy competition and green goals for the auto Industry. Energy Policy, 126(March), 470–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.11.031
   Google Scholar
• Murray, B., & Rivers, N. (2015). British Columbia’s revenue-neutral carbon tax: A review of the latest “grand experiment” in environmental policy. Energy Policy, 86(November), 674–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.08.011
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen, K. S., Cologna, V., Lange, F., Brick, C., & Stern, P. C. (2021). The case for impact-focused environmental Psychology. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 74(April), 101559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101559
   Google Scholar
• Orru, K., Poom, A., & Nordlund, A. (2019). Socio-structural and psychological factors behind car use: Comparing northern and Eastern Europe. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 119(January), 313–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.12.007
   Google Scholar
• Peñasco, C., Díaz Anadón, L., & Verdolini, E. (2021). Systematic review of the outcomes and trade-offs of ten types of decarbonization policy instruments. Nature Climate Change, 11(3), 257–265. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00971-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plötz, P., Árpád Funke, S., & Jochem, P. (2018). Empirical fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of plug-In hybrid electric vehicles. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 22(4), 773–784. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12623
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plötz, P., Axsen, J., Funke, S. A., & Gnann, T. (2019). Designing car bans for sustainable transportation. Nature Sustainability, 2(7), 534–536. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0328-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polzin, F., Migendt, M., Täube, F. A., & von Flotow, P. (2015). Public policy influence on renewable energy investments—A panel data study across OECD countries. Energy Policy, 80(May), 98–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.01.026
   Google Scholar
• Prakash, A., & Bernauer, T. (2020). Survey research in environmental politics: Why it is important and what the challenges are. Environmental Politics, 29(7), 1127–1134. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2020.1789337
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quitzow, L., Canzler, W., Grundmann, P., Leibenath, M., Moss, T., & Rave, T. (2016). The German energiewende – what’s happening? Introducing the special issue. Utilities Policy, 41(August), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2016.03.002
   Google Scholar
• Rey, D., & Neuhäuser, M. (2011). Wilcoxon-signed-rank test. In M. Lovric (Ed.), International encyclopedia of statistical science (pp. 1658–1659). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Rienstra, S. A., & Rietveld, P. (1996). Speed behaviour of car drivers: A statistical analysis of acceptance of changes in speed policies in The Netherlands. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 1(2), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-9209(96)00003-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rietmann, N., & Lieven, T. (2019). How policy measures succeeded to promote electric mobility – Worldwide review and outlook. Journal of Cleaner Production, 206(January), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.121
   Google Scholar
• Rinscheid, A., Pianta, S., & Weber, E. U. (2020). Fast track or Slo-Mo? Public support and temporal preferences for phasing out fossil fuel cars in the United States. Climate Policy, 20(1), 30–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1677550
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogelj, J., Popp, A., Calvin, K. V., Luderer, G., Emmerling, J., Gernaat, D., Fujimori, S., Strefler, J., Hasegawa, T., Marangoni, G., & Krey, V. (2018). Scenarios towards limiting global mean temperature increase below 1.5°C. Nature Climate Change, 8(4), 325–332. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0091-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenbloom, D., & Rinscheid, A. (2020). Deliberate decline: An emerging frontier for the study and practice of decarbonization. WIRES Climate Change, 11(6), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.669
   Google Scholar
• Rosseel, Y. (2020). The lavaan tutorial. Department of Data Analysis, Ghent University.
   Google Scholar
• Schade, J., & Schlag, B. (2003). Acceptability of urban transport pricing strategies. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 6(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-8478(02)00046-3
   Google Scholar
• Schuitema, G., Steg, L., & Rothengatter, J. A. (2010). The acceptability, personal outcome expectations, and expected effects of transport pricing policies. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4), 587–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seto, K. C., Davis, S. J., Mitchell, R. B., Stokes, E. C., Unruh, G., & Ürge-Vorsatz, D. (2016). Carbon lock-in: Types, causes, and policy implications. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 41(1), 425–452. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085934
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sovacool, B. K., & Griffiths, S. (2020). The cultural barriers to a low-carbon future: A review of six mobility and energy transitions across 28 countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 119(March), 109569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109569
   Google Scholar
• Sovacool, B. K., Schmid, P., Stirling, A., Walter, G., & MacKerron, G. (2020). Differences in carbon emissions reduction between countries pursuing renewable electricity versus nuclear power. Nature Energy, 5(11), 928–935. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-020-00696-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steg, L. (2005). Car use: Lust and must. Instrumental, symbolic and affective motives for car use. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 39(2-3), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2004.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steg, L., & Schuitema, G. (2007). Behavioural responses to transport pricing: A theoretical analysis. In T. Gärling, & L. Steg (Eds.), Threats from Car Traffic to the Quality of Urban Life (pp. 347–366). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (1997). The role of problem awareness in willingness-to-change car use and in evaluating relevant policy measures. Traffic and Transport Psychology. Theory and Application, January, 465–475.
   Google Scholar
• Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (2009). Encouraging Pro-environmental behaviour: An integrative review and research agenda. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29(3), 309–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.10.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stegmaier, P., Visser, V. R., & Kuhlmann, S. (2021). The incandescent light bulb phase-out: Exploring patterns of framing the governance of discontinuing a socio-technical Regime. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 11(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-021-00287-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern, P. C., & Dietz, T. (1994). The value basis of environmental concern. Journal of Social Issues, 50(3), 65–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb02420.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G. A., & Kalof, L. (1999). A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements: The case of environmentalism. Human Ecology Review, 6(2), 17.
   Google Scholar
• Stokes, L. C., & Warshaw, C. (2017). Renewable energy policy design and framing influence public support in the United States. Nature Energy, 2(8), 17107. https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strobl, C., Malley, J., & Tutz, G. (2009). An introduction to recursive partitioning: Rationale, application and characteristics of classification and regression trees, bagging and random forests. Psychological Methods, 14(4), 323–348. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sütterlin, B., & Siegrist, M. (2017). Public acceptance of renewable energy technologies from an abstract versus concrete perspective and the positive imagery of solar power. Energy Policy, 106(July), 356–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.03.061
   Google Scholar
• Tanner, C. (1999). Constraints on environmental behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 19(2), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.1999.0121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turnheim, B., & Geels, F. W. (2012). Regime destabilisation as the flipside of energy transitions: Lessons from the history of the British coal industry (1913–1997). Energy Policy, Special Section: Past and Prospective Energy Transitions - Insights from History, 50(November), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.04.060
   Google Scholar
• Venables, W. N., Ripley, B. D., & Venables, W. N. (2002). Modern applied statistics with S (4th ed). Statistics and Computing. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Vining, J., & Ebreo, A. (1992). Predicting recycling behavior from global and specific environmental attitudes and changes in recycling Opportunities1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(20), 1580–1607. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01758.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., Leviston, Z., Hurlstone, M., Lawrence, C., & Walker, I. (2018). Emotions predict policy support: Why it matters how people feel about climate change. Global Environmental Change, 50(May), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.03.002
   Google Scholar
• Weaver, R. K. (1986). The politics of blame Avoidance. Journal of Public Policy, 6(4), 371–398. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X00004219
   Google Scholar
• Wiest, S. L., Raymond, L., & Clawson, R. A. (2015). Framing, partisan predispositions, and public opinion on climate change. Global Environmental Change, 31(March), 187–198. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.12.006
   Google Scholar