1,520
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

EU armed forces and social media: convergence or divergence?

, , &
Pages 97-117 | Received 03 Nov 2015, Accepted 15 Feb 2016, Published online: 11 Mar 2016

References

  • Andén-Papadopoulos, K., 2009. US soldiers imaging the Iraq war on YouTube. Popular communication, 7 (1), 17–27.10.1080/15405700802584304
  • Bennett, C.J., 1991. What is policy convergence and what causes it? British journal of political science, 21 (2), 215–233.10.1017/S0007123400006116
  • Bennett, D., 2013. Exploring the impact of an evolving war and terror blogosphere on traditional media coverage of conflict. Media, war & conflict, 6 (1), 37–53.
  • Bertot, J.C., Jaeger, P.T., and Grimes, J.M., 2010. Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: e-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies. Government information quarterly, 27 (3), 264–271.10.1016/j.giq.2010.03.001
  • Biava, A., Drent, M., and Herd, G.P., 2011. Characterizing the European union’s strategic culture: an analytical framework. JCMS: journal of common market studies, 49 (6), 1227–1248.10.1111/jcms.2011.49.issue-6
  • Biehl, H., Giegerich, B., and Jonas, A., 2013. Strategic cultures in Europe. Security and defence policies across the continent. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.10.1007/978-3-658-01168-0
  • Bjerg Jensen, R., 2011. British military media strategies in modern wars. Global media and communication, 7 (3), 193–197.10.1177/1742766511427466
  • Boyd, D., 2008. Facebook’s privacy trainwreck: exposure, invasion, and social convergence. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 14 (1), 13–20.
  • Börzel, T. and Risse, T., 2000. When Europe hits home: Europeanization and domestic change. European integration online papers, 4 (15), 1–13.
  • Brainard, L.A. and McNutt, J.G., 2010. Virtual government–citizen relations: informational, transactional, or collaborative? Administration and society, 42 (7), 836–858.10.1177/0095399710386308
  • Briones, R.L., et al., 2011. Keeping up with the digital age: how the American Red Cross uses social media to build relationships. Public relations review, 37 (1), 37–43.10.1016/j.pubrev.2010.12.006
  • Britz, M., 2008. Europeization of protection policies. In: A. Boin, M. Ekengren, and M. Rhinard, eds. Security in transition. Stockholm: Swedish Defence University, 111–123.
  • Bulmer, S. and Padgett, S., 2004. Policy transfer in the European union: an institutionalist perspective. British journal of political science, 35 (1), 103–126.
  • Busch, P.O. and Jörgens, H., 2005. The international sources of policy convergence: explaining the spread of environmental policy innovations. Journal of European public policy, 12 (5), 860–884.10.1080/13501760500161514
  • Butler, P. and Collins, N., 1995. Marketing public sector services: concepts and characteristics. Journal of marketing management, 11 (1–3), 83–96.10.1080/0267257X.1995.9964331
  • Bynander, F., 2003. The rise and fall of the submarine threat. Threat politics and submarine intrusions in Sweden 1980–2002 Dissertation (PhD). Uppsala, Department of Government.
  • Byrkjeflot, H. and Angell, S., 2007. Dressing up hospitals as enterprises? The expansion and managerialization of communication in Norwegian hospitals. In: P. Kjær and T. Slaatta, eds. The media-embedded firm. København: Copenhagen Business Press, 81–113.
  • Cammaerts, B. and Carpentier, N., 2009. Blogging the 2003 Iraq war: challenging the ideological model of war and mainstream journalism? Observatorio (OBS*), 9, 1–23.
  • Christensen, T. and Laegreid, P., 2011. Introduction. In: T. Christensen and P. Laegreid, eds. The Ashgate research companion to new public management. Farnham: Ashgate, 1–13.
  • Coll, S., 2014. Power, knowledge, and the subjects of privacy: understanding privacy as the ally of surveillance. Information, Communication and Society, 17 (10), 1250–1263.
  • Crowe, L. and Hendershot, C., 2011. Ambivalent spectators and enthusiastic fans? Mapping civilian military engagement in Canada. In: A. Bergman-Rosamond and M. Phythian, eds. War, ethics and justice: new perspectives on a post-9/11 world. London: Routledge, 76–90.
  • Deverell, E., et al., 2015. Understanding public agency communication: the case of the Swedish armed forces. Journal of public affairs, 15 (4), 387–396.10.1002/pa.v15.4
  • DiMaggio, P.J. and Powell, W.W., 1983. The iron cage revisited: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American sociological review, 48 (2), 147–160.10.2307/2095101
  • Dimitriu, G.R., 2012. Winning the story war: strategic communication and the conflict in Afghanistan. Public relations review, 38 (2), 195–207.
  • Drezner, D.W., 2001. Globalization and policy convergence. International studies review, 3 (1), 53–78.10.1111/misr.2001.3.issue-1
  • EU, 2015. Ongoing missions and operations. Available from: http://www.eeas.europa.eu/csdp/missions-and-operations/index_en.htm [Accessed 8 Dec 2015].
  • Forster, A., 2006. Armed forces and society in Europe. Houndsmill: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/9780230502406
  • Fredriksson, M. and Pallas, J., 2013. Med synlighet som ledstjärna: En analys av vilka principer som styr kommunikationsarbetet i nationella förvaltningsmyndigheter [Visibility as beacon: an analysis of principles guiding communication in national administrative authorities]. Uppsala: Uppsala University.
  • Galbreath, D.J., 2014. Western European armed forces and the modernisation agenda: following or falling behind? Defence studies, 14 (4), 394–413.10.1080/14702436.2014.961356
  • Gromark, J. and Melin, F., 2013. From market orientation to brand orientation in the public sector. Journal of marketing management, 29 (9-10), 1099–1123.10.1080/0267257X.2013.812134
  • Healey, J., 2005. Statistics: a tool for social research. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Thomson Learning.
  • Hellman, M., Olsson, E.K., and Wagnsson, C., 2016. EU armed forces’ use of social media in areas of deployment. Media and communication, 4 (1), 51–62.
  • Hellman, M. and Wagnsson, C., 2015. New media and the war in Afghanistan: the significance of blogging for the Swedish strategic narrative. New media and society, 17 (1), 6–23.10.1177/1461444813504268
  • Henry, R. and Peartree, C.E., 1998. Military theory and information warfare. Parameters, 28 (3), 121–135.
  • Holzinger, K. and Knill, C., 2005. Causes and conditions of cross-national policy convergence. Journal of European public policy, 12 (5), 775–796.10.1080/13501760500161357
  • Hoskins, A. and O’Louglin, B., 2010. War and media. The emergence of diffused war. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Howlett, M., 1991. Policy Instruments, policy style, and policy implementation: national approaches to theories of instrument choice. Policy Studies Journal, 19 (2), 1–21.
  • Hyde-Price, A., 2008. A “tragic actor”? A realist perspective on “ethical power Europe”. International affairs, 84 (1), 29–44.10.1111/inta.2008.84.issue-1
  • Irondelle, B., 2007. The fifth republic at fifty: logics and dynamics. Conference paper presented at the APSA annual meeting, 29 August 2007, Chicago.
  • Kahn, R. and Kellner, D., 2004. New media and internet activism: from the “battle of Seattle” to blogging. New media & society, 6 (1), 87–95.
  • Karatzogianni, A., 2009. Cyber conflict and global politics. London: Routledge.
  • Kerr, C., 1983. The future of industrial societies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.10.4159/harvard.9780674497627
  • Kietzmann, J.H., et al., 2012. Unpacking the social media phenomenon: towards a research agenda. Journal of public affairs, 12 (2), 109–119.10.1002/pa.1412
  • King, A., 2005. Towards a transnational Europe: the case of the armed forces. European journal of social theory, 8 (3), 321–340.10.1177/1368431005054797
  • King, A., 2006. Towards a European military culture? Defence studies, 6 (3), 257–277.10.1080/14702430601060115
  • Knill, C., 2005. Introduction: cross-national policy convergence: concepts, approaches and explanatory factors. Journal of European public policy, 12 (5), 764–774.10.1080/13501760500161332
  • Lawson, S., 2014. The US military’s social media civil war: technology as antagonism in discourses of information-age conflict. Cambridge review of international affairs, 27 (2), 226–245.10.1080/09557571.2012.734787
  • Maltby, S., 2012a. Military media management. Negotiating the “front” line in mediatized war. London: Routledge.
  • Maltby, S., 2012b. The mediatization of the military. Media, war & conflict, 5 (3), 255–268.
  • Maltby, S., Thornham, H., and Bennett, D., 2015. Capability in the digital: institutional media management and its dis/contents. Information, communication and society, 18 (11), 1275–1296.
  • Mayfield, T.D. III, 2011. A commander’s strategy for social media. Joint force quarterly, 60 (1), 79–83.
  • Meijer, A. and Thaens, M., 2013. Social media strategies: understanding the differences between North American police departments. Government information quarterly, 30 (4), 343–350.10.1016/j.giq.2013.05.023
  • Menon, A., 2011. European defence policy from Lisbon to Libya. Survival, 53 (3), 75–90.10.1080/00396338.2011.586191
  • Mérand, F., Hofmann, S.C., and Irondelle, B., 2010. Transgovernmental networks in European security and defence policy. In: S. Vanhoonacker, H. Dijkstra, and H. Maurer, eds. Understanding the role of bureaucracy in the European security and defence policy. European integration online papers, 1 (14), 1–19.
  • Mergel, I. and Bretschneider, S.I., 2013. A three-stage adoption process for social media use in government. Public administration review, 73 (3), 390–400.10.1111/puar.2013.73.issue-3
  • Merindol, V. and Versailles, D.W., 2007. Towards a reinterpretation of information communication technologies’ impact on command and control. Defence studies, 7 (2), 239–257.10.1080/14702430701339013
  • MoD, 2015. Overseas deployment. Available from: http://www.army.mod.uk/operations-deployments/22753.aspx [Accessed 14 Dec 2015].
  • Mörth, U., 2003. Europeanization as interpretation, translation, and editing of public policies. In: K. Featherstone and C.M. Radaelli, eds. The politics of Europeanisation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 159–178.
  • Mörth, U. and Britz, M., 2004. European integration as organizing: the case of armaments. JCMS: journal of common market studies, 42 (5), 957–973.10.1111/jcms.2004.42.issue-5
  • Nissen, T.E., 2015. The weaponization of social media. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Defence College.
  • Nohrstedt, D. and Hansén, D., 2010. Converging under pressure? Counterterrorism policy developments in the European union member states. Public administration, 88 (1), 190–210.
  • Ojanen, H., 2006. The EU and Nato: two competing models for a common defence policy. JCMS: journal of common market studies, 44 (1), 57–76.10.1111/jcms.2006.44.issue-1
  • O’Leary, R. and Vij, N., 2012. Collaborative public management : where have we been and where are we going? The American review of public administration, 42 (5), 507–522.10.1177/0275074012445780
  • Pannier, A. and Schmitt, O., 2014. Institutionalised cooperation and policy convergence in European defence: lessons from the relations between France, Germany and the UK. European security, 23 (3), 270–289.10.1080/09662839.2014.884073
  • Pollitt, C., 2007. Convergence or divergence: what has been happening in Europe? In: C. Pollitt, S. Van Thiel and V. Homburg, eds. New public management in Europe. Houndsmill: Palgrave, 10–25.10.1057/9780230625365
  • Pollitt, C. and Bouckaert, G., 2011. Public management reform: a comparative analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Put, V. and Bouckaert, G., 2011. Managing performance and auditing performance. In: T. Christensen and P. Laegreid, eds. The Ashgate research companion to new public management. Farnham: Ashgate, 223–236.
  • Renn, O., 1998. Three decades of risk research: accomplishments and new challenges. Journal of risk research, 1 (1), 49–71.10.1080/136698798377321
  • Resteigne, D., 2010. Still connected in operations? The milblog culture International peacekeeping, 17 (4), 515–525.10.1080/13533312.2010.516661
  • Rubinstein, R., Keller, D., and Scherger, M., 2008. Culture and interoperability in integrated missions. International peacekeeping, 15 (4), 540–555.10.1080/13533310802239857
  • Rynning, S., 2011. Strategic culture and the common security and defence policy: a classical realist assessment and critique. Contemporary security policy, 32 (3), 535–550.10.1080/13523260.2011.623057
  • SAF, 2015. Pågående internationella insatser [Ongoing international missions] Swedish armed forces. Available from: http://www.forsvarsmakten.se/sv/var-verksamhet/internationella-insatser/pagaende-internationella-insatser/ [Accessed 14 Dec 2015].
  • Seeliger, R., 1996. Conceptualizing and researching policy convergence. Policy studies journal, 24 (2), 287–306.10.1111/psj.1996.24.issue-2
  • Smith, T., 2009. Conference notes – the social media revolution. International journal of market research, 51 (4), 559–561.10.2501/S1470785309200773
  • Soeters, J. and Tresch, T.S., 2010. Towards cultural integration in multinational peace operations. Defence studies, 10 (1–2), 272–287.10.1080/14702430903155175
  • Stein, R.L., 2012. StateTube: anthropological reflections on social media and the Israeli state. Anthropological quarterly, 85 (3), 893–916.10.1353/anq.2012.0045
  • Thorbjørnsrud, K., Figenschou, T.U., and Ihlen, Ø., 2014. Mediatization of public bureaucracies: a typology. Communications: the European journal of communication research, 39 (1), 3–22.
  • Vennesson, P., et al., 2009. Is there a European way of war? Role conceptions, organizational frames, and the utility of force. Armed forces and society, 35 (4), 628–645.10.1177/0095327X08317994
  • Waeraas, A., 2008. Can public sector organizations be coherent corporate brands? Marketing theory, 8 (2), 205–221.10.1177/1470593108093325
  • Walker, R.M., et al., 2011. Market orientation and public service performance: new public management gone mad? Public administration review, 71 (5), 707–717.10.1111/puar.2011.71.issue-5
  • Wall, M., 2006. Blogging Gulf War II. Journalism studies, 7 (1), 111–126.10.1080/14616700500450392

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.