The impacts of COVID-19 on digitalisation and social capital in crofting communities in Scotland

References

• Aldrich, D. P. (2012). Building resilience: Social capital in post-disaster recovery. University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bartscher, A. K., Seitz, S., Siegloch, S., Slotwinski, M., & Wehrhöfer, N. (2020). Social capital and the spread of COVID-19: Insights from European countries. ZEW – Centre for European Economic Research Discussion. Paper No. 20-023. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3616714
   Google Scholar
• Bordieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). Greenwood.
   Google Scholar
• Borgonovi, F., & Andrieu, E. (2020). Bowling together by bowling alone: Social capital and COVID-19. Social Science & Medicine, 265, Article 113501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. (1984). The social space and the genesis of classes. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, 52(5), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.3406/arss.1984.3327
   Google Scholar
• Claridge, T. (2018). Functions of social capital – bonding, bridging, linking. Social Capital Research, 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Cowie, P., Townsend, L., & Salemink, K. (2020). Smart rural futures: Will rural areas be left behind in the 4th industrial revolution? Journal of Rural Studies, 79, 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.08.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currie, M., McMorran, R., Hopkins, J., McKee, A., Glass, J., Wilson, R., Meador, E., Noble, C., Craigie, M., Piras, S., Bruce, F., Williams, A., Pinker, A., Jones, S., Maynard, C., & Atterton, J. (2021). Understanding the response to COVID-19: Exploring options for a resilient social and economic recovery in Scotland’s rural and island communities. Summary Report, SEFARI.
   Google Scholar
• Currie, M., Philip, L., & Dowds, G. (2020). Long-term impacts of flooding following the winter 2015/16 flooding in North East Scotland: Summary Report. CREW Report 2016_02. 24pp.
   Google Scholar
• Currie, M., Wilson, R., Noble, C., Hopkins, J., & Marshall, A. (2023). The impact of COVID-19 on rural and island Scotland and what this means for transitioning rural futures. Scottish Geographical Journal.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, A. (2021). COVID-19 and ICT-supported remote working: Opportunities for rural economies. World, 2(1), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.3390/world2010010
   Google Scholar
• Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs. (2018). Rural Broadband 2018. Retrieved January 11, 20323 from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/787740/Broadband_March_2019__2018_data_.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Duckett, D. G., McKee, A. J., Sutherland, L., Kyle, C., Boden, L. A., Auty, H., Bessell, P. R., & McKendrick, I. J. (2017). Scenario planning as communicative action: Lessons from participatory exercises conducted for the Scottish livestock industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 138–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.07.034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser, T., Aldrich, D. P., & Page-Tan, C. (2021). Bowling alone or distancing together? The role of social capital in excess death rates from COVID-19. Social Science & Medicine, 284, Article 114241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114241
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallent, N., & Tewdwr-Jones, M. (2020). Rural second homes in Europe: Examining housing supply and planning control. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360–1380. https://doi.org/10.1086/225469
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maclaren, A., & Philip, L. (2021). Geographies of the rural and the COVID-19 pandemic. In Gavin J. Andrews, Valorie A. Crooks, Jamie R. Pearce, & Jane P. Messina (Eds.), COVID-19 and Similar Futures: Pandemic Geographies, (pp. 267–273). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Makridis, C. A., & Wu, C. (2021). Correction: How social capital helps communities weather the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS ONE, 16(9), Article e0258021. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moyes, D., Whittam, G., & Ferri, P. (2012). A conceptualisation of the relationship capital of rural small service firms. Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit, 27(2), 136–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269094211428867
   Google Scholar
• OFCOM. (2018). Economic geography 2018: An analysis of the determinants of 3G & 4G coverage in the UK. Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/130681/Economic-Geography-2018.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Onyx, J., Edwards, M., & Bullen, P. (2014). The intersection of social capital and power: An application to rural communities. Rural Society, 17(3), 215–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/rsj.351.17.3.215
   Google Scholar
• Oronce, C. I., & Tsugawa, Y. (2021). Bonding and linking social capital are key determinants for successful pandemic policy. Social Science & Medicine, 287, Article 114376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pant, L., & Odame, H. (2017). Broadband for a sustainable digital future of rural communities: A reflexive interactive assessment. Journal of Rural Studies, 54, 435–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, D. J. (2020). Community susceptibility and resiliency to COVID-19 across the Rural-Urban Continuum in the United States. The Journal of Rural Health, 36, 446–456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philip, L., Cottrill, C., Farrington, J., Williams, F., & Ashmore, F. (2017). The digital divide: Patterns, policy and scenarios for connecting the ‘final few’ in rural communities across Great Britain. Journal of Rural Studies, 54, 386–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poortinga, W. (2012). Community resilience and health: The role of bonding, bridging and lining aspects of social capital. Health & Place, 18(2), 286–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.09.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam, R., Leonardi, R., & Nanetti, R. (1993). Making democracy work. Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon and Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Rijswijk, K., Klerkx, L., Bacco, M., Bartolini, F., Bulten, E., Debruyne, L., Dessein, J., Scotti, I., & Brunori, G. (2021). Digital transformation of agriculture and rural areas: A socio-cyber-physical system framework to support responsibilisation. Journal of Rural Studies, 85, 79–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.05.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salemink, K., Strijker, D., & Bosworth, G. (2017). Rural development in the digital age: A systematic literature review on unequal ICT availability, adoption, and use in rural areas. Journal of Rural Studies, 54, 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schirmer, W., Geerts, N., Vercruyssen, A., Glorieux, I., & Consortium, D. A. (2022). Digital skills training for older people: The importance of the ‘lifeworld’. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 101, Article 104695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2022.104695
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shucksmith, D. M., Bryden, J., Rosenthall, P., Short, C., & Winter, D. M. (1989). Pluriactivity, farm structures and rural change. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 40(3), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01116.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sørensen, J. (2016). Rural–urban differences in bonding and bridging social capital. Regional Studies, 50(3), 391–410. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2014.918945
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland, L. A., & Calo, A. (2020). Assemblage and the ‘good farmer’: New entrants to crofting in Scotland. Journal of Rural Studies, 80, 532–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.10.038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland, L. A., Hopkins, J., Toma, L., Barnes, A., & Matthews, K. (2017). Adaptation, resilience and CAP reform: A comparison of crofts and livestock farms in Scotland. Scottish Geographical Journal, 133(3-4), 192–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2017.1353703
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiwari, S., Lane, M., & Alam, K. (2019). Do social networking sites build and maintain social capital online in rural communities? Journal of Rural Studies, 66, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.01.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsend, L., Sathiaseelan, A., Fairhurst, G., & Wallace, C. (2013). Enhanced broadband access as a solution to the social and economic problems of the rural digital divide. Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit, 28(6), 580–595. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269094213496974
   Google Scholar
• Townsend, L., Wallace, C., & Fairhurst, G. (2015). ‘Stuck out here’: The critical role of broadband for remote rural places. Scottish Geographical Journal, 131(3-4), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2014.978807
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsend, L., Wallace, C., Smart, A., & Norman, T. (2016). Building virtual bridges: How rural micro-enterprises develop social capital in online and face-to-face settings. Sociologia Ruralis, 56(1), 29–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12068
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace, C. (2012). Can information and communications technology enhance social quality? International Journal of Social Quality, 2(2), 98–117. https://doi.org/10.3167/IJSQ.2012.020207
   Google Scholar
• Watson, A., Lupton, D., & Michael, M. (2021). Enacting intimacy and sociality at a distance in the COVID-19 crisis: The sociomaterialities of home-based communication technologies. Media International Australia, 178(1), 136–150. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X20961568
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation. (2005). WHO outbreak communication guidance (No. WHO/CDS/2005.28).
   Google Scholar
• Wu, C. (2021). Social capital and COVID-19: A multidimensional and multilevel approach. Chinese Sociological Review, 53(1), 27–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/21620555.2020.1814139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X. A., & Sung, Y. H. (2023). Communities going virtual: Examining the roles of online and offline social capital in pandemic perceived community resilience-building. Mass Communication and Society, 26(4), 539–565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2021.1974046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar