Structural embeddedness and the liability of newness among nonprofit organizations

REFERENCES

• Aldrich HE 1999 Organizations Evolving Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
   Google Scholar
• Aldrich , HE and Pfeffer , J . 1976 . Environments of Organizations . Annual Review of Sociology , 2 : pp79 – 105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldrich , HE and Waldinger , R . 1990 . Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship . Annual Review of Sociology , 16 : pp111 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison PD 1995 Survival Analysis Using the SAS® System: A Practical Guide Cary, NY: SAS Institute
   Google Scholar
• Amburgey , TL and Rao , H . 1996 . Organizational Ecology: Past, Present, and Future Directions . Academy of Management Journal , 39:5 : pp1265 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amburgey , TL , Kelly , D and Barnett , WP . 1993 . Resetting the Clock: The Dynamics of Organizational Failure . Administrative Science Quarterly , 38:1 : pp51 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum , JAC and Oliver , C . 1991 . Institutional Linkages and Organizational Mortality . Administrative Science Quarterly , 36:2 : pp187 – 218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum , JAC and Oliver , C . 1992 . Institutional Embeddedness and the Dynamics of Organizational Populations . American Sociological Review , 57:4 : pp540 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum , JAC and Oliver , C . 1996 . Toward an Institutional Ecology of Organizational Founding . Academy of Management Journal , 39:5 : pp1378 – 427 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum , JAC and Powell , WW . 1995 . Cultivating an Institutional Ecology of Organizations . American Sociological Review , 60:4 : pp529 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum , JAC and Singh , JV . 1994a . Organizational Niches and the Dynamics of Organizational Mortality . American Journal of Sociology , 100:2 : pp346 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum , JAC and Singh , JV . 1994b . Organizational Niches and the Dynamics of Organizational Founding . Organization Science , 5:4 : pp483 – 502 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum , JAC and Singh , JV . 1996 . Dynamics of Organizational Response to Competition . Social Forces , 74:4 : pp1261 – 97 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bielefeld , W . 1994 . What Affects Nonprofit Survival? . Nonprofit Management and Leadership , 5:1 : pp19 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu P 1985 The Forms of Capital in J. G. Richardson (ed.) Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, New York: Greenwood Press
   Google Scholar
• Brüderl , J and Schüssler , R . 1990 . Organizational Mortality: The Liabilities of Newness and Adolescence . Administrative Science Quarterly , 35:3 : pp530 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brüderl , J , Preisendörfer , P and Ziegler , R . 1992 . Survival Chances of Newly Founded Business Organizations . American Sociological Review , 57:2 : pp227 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burt RS 1983 Corporate Profits and Cooptation: Networks of Market Constraint and Directorate Ties in the American Economy New York: Academic Press
   Google Scholar
• Burt RS 1992 Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
   Google Scholar
• Carroll , GR . 1983 . A Stochastic Model of Organizational Mortality: Review and Reanalysis . Social Science Research , 12:4 : pp303 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll GR 1987 Publish and Perish: The Organizational Ecology of Newspaper Industries Greenwich, CT: JAI Press
   Google Scholar
• Carroll , GR and Delacroix , J . 1982 . Organizational Mortality in the Newspaper Industries of Argentina and Ireland: An Ecological Approach . Administrative Science Quarterly , 27:2 : pp169 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll , GR and Hannan , MT . 1989 . Density Dependence in the Evolution of Populations of Newspaper Organizations . American Sociological Review , 54:4 : pp524 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambré , SM and Fatt , N . 2002 . Beyond the Liability of Newness: Nonprofit Organizations in an Emerging Policy Domain . Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly , 31:4 : pp502 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , DR . 1972 . Regression Models and Life Tables . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society , B34 : pp187 – 220 .
   Google Scholar
• Cyert , RM . 1978 . The Management of Universities of Constant or Decreasing Size . Public Administration Review , 38:2 : pp344 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delacroix , J , Swaminathan , A and Solt , M . 1989 . Density Dependence versus Population Dynamics: An Ecological Study of Failings in the California Wine Industry . American Sociological Review , 54:2 : pp245 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiMaggio PJ 1992 Nadel's Paradox Revisited: Relational and Cultural Aspects of Organizational Structure in N. Nohria and R. G. Eccles (eds) Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form and Action, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press
   Google Scholar
• DiMaggio , PJ and Powell , WW . 1983 . The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields . American Sociological Review , 48:2 : pp147 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman , J , Carroll , GR and Hannan , MT . 1983 . The Liability of Newness: Age Dependence in Organizational Death Rates . American Sociological Review , 48:5 : pp692 – 710 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galaskiewicz J 1985a Social Organization of an Urban Grants Economy: A Study of Business Philanthropy and Nonprofit Organizations Orlando, FL: Academic Press
   Google Scholar
• Galaskiewicz , J . 1985b . Professional Networks and the Institutionalization of a Single Mind Set . American Sociological Review , 50:5 : pp639 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galaskiewicz J Bielefeld W 1998 Nonprofit Organizations in an Age of Uncertainty: A Study of Organizational Change Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter
   Google Scholar
• Galaskiewicz J Rauschenbach B 1988 The Corporation-Culture Connection: A Test of Interorganizational Theories in C. Milofsky (ed.) Community Organizations: Studies in Resource Mobilization and Exchange, New York: Oxford University Press
   Google Scholar
• Gronbjerg KA 1993 Understanding Nonprofit Funding: Managing Revenues in Social Services and Community Development Organizations San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass
   Google Scholar
• Hager M 1999 Explaining demise among nonprofit organizations Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota Department of Sociology
   Google Scholar
• Hager , M , Galaskiewicz , J , Bielefeld , W and Pins , J . 1996 . Tales from the Grave: Organizations’ Accounts of Their Own Demise . American Behavioral Scientist , 39:8 : pp975 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall RH 1996 Organizations: Structures, Processes, and Outcomes (6th edn), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
   Google Scholar
• Hannan , MT . 1988 . Age Dependence in the Mortality of National Labor Unions: Comparisons of Parametric Models . Journal of Mathematical Sociology , 14:1 : pp1 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannan MT Carroll GR 1992 Dynamics of Organizational Populations: Density, Legitimation, and Competition Oxford: Oxford University Press
   Google Scholar
• Hannan , MT and Freeman , J . 1977 . The Population Ecology of Organizations . American Journal of Sociology , 82:5 : pp929 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannan , MT and Freeman , J . 1984 . Structural Inertia and Organizational Change . American Sociological Review , 49:2 : pp149 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannan , MT and Freeman , J . 1988 . The Ecology of Organizational Mortality: American Labor Unions, 1836 – 1985 . American Journal of Sociology , 94:1 : pp25 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannan MT Freeman J 1989 Organizational Ecology Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
   Google Scholar
• Jungbauer-Gans M 1994 Chances of Survival and Success of Male and Female Businesses in J. de Bruijn and E. Cyba (eds) Gender and Organizations: Changing Perspectives, Amsterdam: VU University Press
   Google Scholar
• Kalleberg , AL and Leicht , KT . 1991 . Gender and Organizational Performance: Determinants of Small Business Survival and Success . Academy of Management Journal , 34:1 : pp136 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson , A . 1992 . Network Dyads in Entrepreneurial Settings: A Study of the Governance of Exchange Relationships . Administrative Science Quarterly , 37:1 : pp76 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin N 2002 Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
   Google Scholar
• Mason DE 1996 Leading and Managing the Expressive Dimension: Harnessing the Hidden Power Source of the Nonprofit Sector San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass
   Google Scholar
• Meyer , JW and Rowan , B . 1977 . Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony . American Journal of Sociology , 83:2 : pp340 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer JW Scott R 1983 Organizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications
   Google Scholar
• Meyer M Zucker L 1989 Permanently Failing Organizations Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications
   Google Scholar
• Milofsky C 1987 Neighborhood-Based Organizations: A Market Analogy in W. W. Powell (ed.) The Non-Profit Sector: A Research Handbook, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
   Google Scholar
• Pfeffer , J . 1972 . Size and Composition of Corporate Boards of Directors: The Organization and Its Environment . Administrative Science Quarterly , 17:2 : pp218 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeffer J Salancik GR 1978 The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective New York: Harper & Row
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , R . 1995 . Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital . Journal of Democracy , 6:1 : pp65 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Salamon L 2002 The Resilient Sector: The State of Nonprofit America in L. Salamon (ed.) The State of Nonprofit America, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press
   Google Scholar
• Siegel PM 1983 Siegel's (NORC) Prestige Scores’ (1971) in D. C. Miller (ed.) Handbook of Research Design and Social Measurement (4th edn), Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications
   Google Scholar
• Singh , JV , House , RJ and Tucker , DJ . 1986a . Organizational Change and Organizational Mortality . Administrative Science Quarterly , 31:4 : pp587 – 611 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , JV , Tucker , DJ and House , RJ . 1986b . Organizational Legitimacy and the Liability of Newness . Administrative Science Quarterly , 31:2 : pp171 – 93 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh JV Tucker DJ Meinhard AG 1991 Institutional Change and Ecological Dynamics in W. W. Powell and P. J. DiMaggio (eds) The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
   Google Scholar
• Stinchcombe AL 1965 Social Structure and Organizations in J. G. March (ed.) Handbook of Organizations, Chicago, IL: Rand McNally
   Google Scholar
• Swaminathan , A and Wiedenmayer , G . 1991 . Does the Pattern of Density Dependence in Organizational Mortality Vary across Levels of Analysis? Evidence from the German Brewing Industry . Social Science Research , 20:1 : pp45 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Udo , S . 1989 . Age-Dependence and Historical Effects on the Failure of Worker Cooperatives . Economic and Industrial Democracy , 10:1 : pp59 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Department of the Treasury 1979 Cumulative List of Organizations Washington, DC: Government Printing Office
   Google Scholar
• Weed , FJ . 1991 . Organizational Mortality in the Anti-Drunk-Driving Movement: Failure among Local MADD Chapters . Social Forces , 69:3 : pp851 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whetten D 1980 Sources, Responses, and Effects of Organizational Decline in J. Kimberly and R. Miles (eds) Organizational Life Cycles, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass
   Google Scholar
• Wholey , DR , Christenson , JB and Sanchez , SM . 1992 . Organization Size and Failure among Health Maintenance Organizations . American Sociological Review , 57:6 : pp829 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar