Open innovation in the public sector: creating public value through civic hackathons

References

• Agranoff, R. 2006. “Inside Collaborative Networks: Ten Lessons for Public Managers.” Public Administration Review 66 (s1): 56–65. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00666.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alba, M., M. Avalos, C. Guzmán, and V. M. Larios. 2016. “Synergy between Smart Cities’ Hackathons and Living Labs as a Vehicle for Accelerating Tangible Innovations on Cities.” In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), 805-810. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. doi:10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580877.
   Google Scholar
• Alford, J., and J. O’Flynn. 2009. “Making Sense of Public Value: Concepts, Critiques and Emergent Meanings.” International Journal of Public Administration 32 (3–4): 171–191. doi:10.1080/01900690902732731.
   Google Scholar
• Alford, J., and J. L. O’Flynn. 2008. “Public Value: A Stocktake of A Concept.” SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1927671. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1927671
   Google Scholar
• Almirall, E., M. Lee, and A. Majchrzak. 2014. “Open Innovation Requires Integrated Competition-Community Ecosystems: Lessons Learned from Civic Open Innovation.” Business Horizons 57 (3): 391–400. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2013.12.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amsler, L. B. 2016. “Collaborative Governance: Integrating Management, Politics, and Law: Public Administration and the Disciplines.” Public Administration Review 76 (5): 700–711. doi:10.1111/puar.12605.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews, R., and T. Entwistle. 2010. “Does Cross-Sectoral Partnership Deliver? an Empirical Exploration of Public Service Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Equity.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 20 (3): 679–701. doi:10.1093/jopart/mup045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansell, C., and J. Torfing. 2014. Public Innovation through Collaboration and Design. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Benington, J. 2009. “Creating the Public in order to Create Public Value?” International Journal of Public Administration 32 (3–4): 232–249. doi:10.1080/01900690902749578.
   Google Scholar
• Bernard, H. R. 2017. Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Bommert, B. 2010. “Collaborative Innovation in the Public Sector.” International Public Management Review 11 (1): 15–33.
   Google Scholar
• Briscoe, G., and C. Mulligan. 2014. “Digital Innovation: The Hackathon Phenomenon.” https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/11418/Briscoe%20Digital%20Innovation:%20The%20Hackathon%20Phenomenon%202014%20Published.pdf?sequence=2
   Google Scholar
• Bryson, J. M., B. C. Crosby, and M. M. Stone. 2006. “The Design and Implementation of Cross-Sector Collaborations: Propositions from the Literature.” Public Administration Review 66 (s1): 44–55. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00665.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryson, J. M., A. Sancino, J. Benington, and S. Eva. 2017. “Towards a Multi-Actor Theory of Public Value Co-Creation.” Public Management Review 19 (5): 640–654. doi:10.1080/14719037.2016.1192164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caceres, R. A., and K. Royds. 2015. “Developer Challenges as a Platform for Citizen Engagement with Open Government Data: The Australian Case.” In Promoting Social Change and Democracy through Information Technology, edited by V. Kumar and J. Svensson, 225–249. https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/developer-challenges-as-a-platform-for-citizen-engagement-with-open-government-data/134260
   Google Scholar
• Carr, S. J., and A. Lassiter. 2017. “Big Data, Small Apps: Premises and Products of the Civic Hackathon.” In Seeing Cities Through Big Data, edited by P. Thakuriah, N. Tilahum, and  M. Zellner, 543–559. Cham: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40902-3_29.
   Google Scholar
• Carruthers, A. 2014. “Open Data Day Hackathon 2014 at Edmonton Public Library.” Partnership: the Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research 9 (2): 1–13. doi:10.21083/partnership.v9i2.3121.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, C. 2013. “From Open Data to Open Innovation Strategies: Creating E-Services Using Open Government Data.” In Proceedings of the 46th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, edited by R. H. Sprague, Jr., 1890–1899. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. doi:10.1109/HICSS.2013.236.
   Google Scholar
• Charmaz, K. 2014. Constructing Grounded Theory. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Chesbrough, H. 2006. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press.
   Google Scholar
• Concilio, G., F. Molinari, and N. Morelli. 2017. “Empowering Citizens with Open Data by Urban Hackathons.” In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM’17), edited by P. Parycek and N. Edelmann, 125–134. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society. doi:10.1109/CeDEM.2017.28.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., and V. L. Plano Clark. 2017. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Crosby, B. C., P. ‘t Hart, and J. Torfing. 2017. “Public Value Creation through Collaborative Innovation.” Public Management Review 19 (5): 655–669. doi:10.1080/14719037.2016.1192165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desouza, K. C., and A. Bhagwatwar. 2012. “Citizen Apps to Solve Complex Urban Problems.” Journal of Urban Technology 19 (3): 107–136. doi:10.1080/10630732.2012.673056.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinter, B., and C. Kollwitz. 2016. “Towards a Framework for Open Data Related Innovation Contests.” Proceedings of the 2016 Pre-ICIS SIGDSA/IFIP WG8.3 Symposium: Innovations in Data Analytics, 13. http://aisel.aisnet.org/sigdsa2016/13
   Google Scholar
• Edelmann, N., J. Höchtl, and M. Sachs. 2012. “Collaboration for Open Innovation Processes in Public Administrations.” In Empowering Open and Collaborative Governance, edited by Y. Charalabidis and S. Koussouris, 21–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27219-6_2.
   Google Scholar
• Eggers, W. D., and S. K. Singh. 2009. The Public Innovators Playbook: Nurturing Bold Ideas in Government. U.st.: Deloitte Development LLC.
   Google Scholar
• Emerson, K., T. Nabatchi, and S. Balogh. 2012. “An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 22 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1093/jopart/mur011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer, F., and G. J. Miller. 2006. Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics, and Methods. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gasco-Hernandez, M. 2017. “Living Labs: Implementing Open Innovation in the Public Sector.” Government Information Quarterly 34 (1): 90–98. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2016.09.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ham, J., J.-N. Lee, D. Kim, and B. Choi. 2015. “Open Innovation Maturity Model for the Government: An Open System Perspective.” Fort Worth. https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2015/proceedings/eBizeGov/15/
   Google Scholar
• Hartley, J., E. Sørensen, and J. Torfing. 2013. “Collaborative Innovation: A Viable Alternative to Market Competition and Organizational Entrepreneurship.” Public Administration Review 73 (6): 821–830. doi:10.1111/puar.12136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann, S., A. Mainka, and W. G. Stock. 2016. “Opportunities and Challenges for Civic Engagement: A Global Investigation of Innovation Competitions.” International Journal of Knowledge Society Research 7 (3): 1–15. doi:10.4018/IJKSR.2016070101.
   Google Scholar
• Hilgers, D., and C. Ihl. 2010. “Citizensourcing: Applying the Concept of Open Innovation to the Public Sector.” International Journal of Public Participation 4 (1): 67–88.
   Google Scholar
• Hofstad, H., and J. Torfing. 2015. “Collaborative Innovation as a Tool for Environmental, Economic and Social Sustainability in Regional Governance.” Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration 19 (4): 49–70.
   Google Scholar
• Irani, L. 2015. “Hackathons and the Making of Entrepreneurial Citizenship.” Science, Technology, & Human Values 40 (5): 799–824. doi:10.1177/0162243915578486.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, P., and P. Robinson. 2014. “Civic Hackathons: Innovation, Procurement, or Civic Engagement?: Civic Hackathon: Procurement or Civic Engagement?” Review of Policy Research 31 (4): 349–357. doi:10.1111/ropr.12074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamariotou, M., and F. Kitsios. 2017. “Open Data Hackathons: A Strategy to Increase Innovation in the City.” In Proceedings of the International Conference for Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Regional Development, edited by P. Ketikidis and A. Solomon, 231–238. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nathalie_Nyffeler/publication/323153542_Addressing_knowledge_management_and_providing_open_innovation_for_SME’s_and_larger_companies_in_the_scope_of_the_Innokick_academic_program/links/5a834f62aca272d6501eb4b2/Addressing-knowledge-management-and-providing-open-innovation-for-SMEs-and-larger-companies-in-the-scope-of-the-Innokick-academic-program.pdf#page=231
   Google Scholar
• Kankanhalli, A., A. Zuiderwijk, and G. K. Tayi. 2017. “Open Innovation in the Public Sector: A Research Agenda.” Government Information Quarterly 34 (1): 84–89. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2016.12.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauppinen, S. 2015. “Enhancing Public E-Service Development with Citizens’ Self-Organized Collaboration.” In Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Science and Information, 212–217. http://www.theseus.fi/handle/10024/151367
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, G., G. Mulgan, and S. Muers. 2002. “Creating Public Value: An Analytical Framework for Public Service Reform.” London: Strategy Unit, Cabinet Office.
   Google Scholar
• Kollwitz, C., and B. Dinter. 2019. “What the Hack? – Towards a Taxonomy of Hackathons.” In Business Process Management, edited by T. Hildebrandt, B. F. van Dongen, M. Röglinger, and J. Mendling, 11675:354–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-26619-6_23.
   Google Scholar
• Leach, W. D., and P. A. Sabatier. 2005. “To Trust an Adversary: Integrating Rational and Psychological Models of Collaborative Policymaking.” The American Political Science Review 99 (4): 491. doi:10.1017/S000305540505183X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, M., E. Almirall, and J. Wareham. 2015. “Open Data and Civic Apps: First-Generation Failures, Second-Generation Improvements.” Communications of the ACM 59 (1): 82–89. doi:10.1145/2859829.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H. K. 2017. “Crowdsourcing Government: Lessons from Multiple Disciplines.” Public Administration Review 77 (5): 656–667. doi:10.1111/puar.12808.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, C., and G. B. Rossman. 2014. Designing Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• McNutt, J. G., and J. B. Justice. 2016. “Predicting Civic Hackathons in Local Communities: Perspectives from Social Capital and Creative Class Theory.” http://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/19561
   Google Scholar
• Mergel, I. 2011. “Crowdsourced Ideas Make Participating in Government Cool Again.” PA Times 34 (4): 4–6.
   Google Scholar
• Mergel, I. 2015. “Opening Government: Designing Open Innovation Processes to Collaborate with External Problem Solvers.” Social Science Computer Review 33 (5): 599–612. doi:10.1177/0894439314560851.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mergel, I. 2017. “Open Innovation in the Public Sector: Drivers and Barriers for the Adoption of Challenge.Gov.” Public Management Review 20 (5): 726–745. doi:10.1080/14719037.2017.1320044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mergel, I., S. I. Bretschneider, C. Louis, and J. Smith. 2014. “The Challenges of Challenge.Gov: Adopting Private Sector Business Innovations in the Federal Government.” In Proceedings of the 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, edited by R. H. Sprague, Jr., 2073–2082. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Science. doi:10.1109/HICSS.2014.262.
   Google Scholar
• Mergel, I., and K. C. Desouza. 2013. “Implementing Open Innovation in the Public Sector: The Case of Challenge.Gov.” Public Administration Review 73 (6): 882–890. doi:10.1111/puar.12141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meynhardt, T. 2009. “Public Value Inside: What Is Public Value Creation?” International Journal of Public Administration 32 (3–4): 192–219. doi:10.1080/01900690902732632.
   Google Scholar
• Moore, M. 1995. Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nam, T. 2012. “Suggesting Frameworks of Citizen-Sourcing via Government 2.0.” Government Information Quarterly 29 (1): 12–20. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2011.07.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nancarrow, C., I. Brace, and L. T. Wright. 2001. “‘Tell Me Lies, Tell Me Sweet Little Lies’: Dealing with Socially Desirable Responses in Market Research.” The Marketing Review 2 (1): 55–69. doi:10.1362/1469347012569427.
   Google Scholar
• O’Flynn, J. 2007. “From New Public Management to Public Value: Paradigmatic Change and Managerial Implications.” Australian Journal of Public Administration 66 (3): 353–366. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8500.2007.00545.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Leary, R., and N. Vij. 2012. “Collaborative Public Management: Where Have We Been and Where are We Going?” The American Review of Public Administration 42 (5): 507–522. doi:10.1177/0275074012445780.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojasalo, J., and H. Kauppinen. 2016. “Collaborative Innovation with External Actors: An Empirical Study on Open Innovation Platforms in Smart Cities.” Technology Innovation Management Review 6 (12): 49–60. doi:10.22215/timreview/1041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osborne, S. P. 2006. “The New Public Governance?” Public Management Review 8 (3): 377–387. doi:10.1080/14719030600853022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page, S. B., M. M. Stone, J. M. Bryson, and B. C. Crosby. 2015. “Public Value Creation by Cross-Sector Collaborations: A Framework and Challenges of Assessment.” Public Administration 93 (3): 715–732. doi:10.1111/padm.12161.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton, M. Q. 2002. “Two Decades of Developments in Qualitative Inquiry: A Personal, Experiential Perspective.” Qualitative Social Work 1 (3): 261–283. doi:10.1177/1473325002001003636.
   Google Scholar
• Quick, K. S., and M. S. Feldman. 2014. “Boundaries as Junctures: Collaborative Boundary Work for Building Efficient Resilience.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 24 (3): 673–695. doi:10.1093/jopart/mut085.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rai, S., and O. Griffiths. 2016. “‘useful’ Civic Hacking for Environmental Sustainability: Knowledge Transfer and the International Space Apps Challenge.” Journal of Community Informatics 12 (1): 53–68.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, P., and P. Johnson. 2016. “Civic Hackathons: New Terrain for Local Government-Citizen Interaction?” Urban Planning 1 (2): 65–74. doi:10.17645/up.v1i2.627.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saldaña, J. 2015. The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Scapens, R. W. 1990. “Researching Management Accounting Practice: The Role of Case Study Methods.” The British Accounting Review 22 (3): 259–281. doi:10.1016/0890-8389(90)90008-6.
   Google Scholar
• Sieber, R. E., and P. A. Johnson. 2015. “Civic Open Data at a Crossroads: Dominant Models and Current Challenges.” Government Information Quarterly 32 (3): 308–315. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2015.05.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sørensen, E., and J. Torfing. 2005. “The Democratic Anchorage of Governance Networks.” Scandinavian Political Studies 28 (3): 195–218. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9477.2005.00129.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sørensen, E., and J. Torfing. 2011. “Enhancing Collaborative Innovation in the Public Sector.” Administration & Society 43 (8): 842–868. doi:10.1177/0095399711418768.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sørensen, E., and J. Torfing. 2012. “Introduction: Collaborative Innovation in the Public Sector.” Innovation Journal 17 (1): 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Sørensen, E., and J. Torfing. 2015. “Enhancing Public Innovation through Collaboration, Leadership and New Public Governance.” In New Frontiers in Social Innovation Research, edited by A. Nicholls, J. Simon, and M. Gabriel, 145–169. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:10.1057/9781137506801_8.
   Google Scholar
• Sørensen, E., and J. Torfing. 2017. “Metagoverning Collaborative Innovation in Governance Networks.” The American Review of Public Administration 47 (7): 826–839. doi:10.1177/0275074016643181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spradley, J. P. 2016. The Ethnographic Interview. Belmont, CA: Waveland Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stoker, G. 2006. “Public Value Management: A New Narrative for Networked Governance?” American Review of Public Administration 36 (1): 41–57. doi:10.1177/0275074005282583.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, M., B. Crosby, and J. Bryson. 2010. “Governing Public–Nonprofit Collaborations: Understanding Their Complexity and the Implications for Research.” Voluntary Sector Review 1 (3): 309. doi:10.1332/204080510X538310.
   Google Scholar
• Talbot, C. 2009. “Public Value—The Next ‘big Thing’ in Public Management?” International Journal of Public Administration 32 (3–4): 167–170. doi:10.1080/01900690902772059.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, N., and L. Clarke. 2018. “Everybody’s Hacking: Participation and the Mainstreaming of Hackathons.” In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 172:1–172: 12. New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/3173574.3173746.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, I., and H. Shearer. 2011. “Appraising Public Value: Past, Present and Futures.” Public Administration 89 (4): 1367–1384. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9299.2011.01942.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, R. 2009. Case Study Research: Design and Methods (Applied Social Research Methods). London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Zuiderwijk, A., M. Janssen, G. van de Kaa, and K. Poulis. 2016. “The Wicked Problem of Commercial Value Creation in Open Data Ecosystems: Policy Guidelines for Governments.” Information Polity 21 (3): 223–236. doi:10.3233/IP-160391.
   Google Scholar