Sense of community, sense of community responsibility, organizational commitment and identification, and public service motivation: a simultaneous test of affective states on employee well-being and engagement in a public service work context

References

• Allen, N. J. , and J. P. Meyer . 1990. “The measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization.” Journal of Occupational Psychology 63 (1): 6–7. doi:10.1111/joop.1990.63.issue-1.
   Google Scholar
• Alonso, P. , and G. B. Lewis . 2001. “Public Service Motivation and Job Performance Evidence from the Federal Sector.” The American Review of Public Administration 31 (4): 363–380. doi:10.1177/02750740122064992.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambrose, M. L. , M. A. Seabright , and M. Schminke . 2002. “Sabotage in the Workplace: The Role of Organizational Injustice.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 89 (1): 947–965. doi:10.1016/S0749-5978(02)00037-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen, L. B. , and A. M. Kjeldsen . 2013. “Public Service Motivation, User Orientation, and Job Satisfaction: A Question of Employment Sector?” International Public Management Journal 16 (2): 252–274. doi:10.1080/10967494.2013.817253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashforth, B. E. , and F. Mael . 1989. “Social Identity Theory and the Organization.” Academy of Management Review 14: 20–39. doi:10.5465/amr.1989.4278999.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B. 2015. “A Job Demands–Resources Approach to Public Service Motivation.” Public Administration Review 75 (5): 723–732. doi:10.1111/puar.12388.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B. , and E. Demerouti . 2007. “The Job Demands-Resources Model: State of the Art.” Journal of Managerial Psychology 22: 309–328. doi:10.1108/02683940710733115.
   Google Scholar
• Borst, R. T. 2018. “Comparing Work Engagement in People-Changing and People-Processing Service Providers: A Mediation Model with Red Tape, Autonomy, Dimensions of PSM, and Performance.” Public Personnel Management 47 (3): 287–313. doi:10.1177/0091026018770225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borst, R. T. , P. M. Kruyen , and C. J. Lako . 2017. “Exploring the Job Demands–Resources Model of Work Engagement in Government: Bringing in a Psychological Perspective.” Review of Public Personnel Administration . doi:10.1177/0734371X17729870.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd, N. 2014. “A ten-year Retrospective of Organization Studies in Community Psychology: Content, Theory, and Impact.” Journal of Community Psychology 42 (2): 237–254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd, N. , and B. Nowell . 2014. “Psychological Sense of Community: A New Construct for the Field of Management.” Journal of Management Inquiry 23 (2): 107–122. doi:10.1177/1056492613491433.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd, N. , and B. Nowell . 2017. “Testing a Theory of Sense of Community and Community Responsibility in Organizations: An Empirical Assessment of Predictive Capacity on Employee Well-being and Organizational Citizenship.” Journal of Community Psychology 45 (2): 210–229. doi:10.1002/jcop.2017.45.issue-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd, N. , B. Nowell , Z. Yang , and M. Hano . 2018. “Sense of Community, Sense of Community Responsibility, and Public Service Motivation as Predictors of Employee Well-being and Engagement in Public Sector Organizations.” American Review of Public Administration 48 (5): 428–443. doi:10.1177/0275074017692875.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd, N. , and H. Angelique . 2002. “Rekindling the Discourse: Organization Studies in Community Psychology.” Journal of Community Psychology 30 (4): 325–348. doi:10.1002/()1520-6629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd, N. , and H. Angelique . 2007. “Resuming the Dialogue on Organization Studies and Community Psychology: An Introduction to the Special Issue.” Journal of Community Psychology 35 (3): 281–285. doi:10.1002/()1520-6629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bright, L. 2008. “Does Public Service Motivation Really Make a Difference on the Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions of Public Employees?” The American Review of Public Administration 38 (2): 149–166. doi:10.1177/0275074008317248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brodke, M. , M. Sliter , W. Balzer , J. Gillespie , M. Gillespie , P. Gopalkrishnan , and M. Yankelevich . 2009. The Job Descriptive Index and Job in General: 2009 Revision Quick Reference Guide . Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University.
   Google Scholar
• Caillier, J. G. 2015. “Transformational Leadership and Whistle-Blowing Attitudes Is This Relationship Mediated by Organizational Commitment and Public Service Motivation?” The American Review of Public Administration 45 (4): 458–475. doi:10.1177/0275074013515299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chavis, D. M. , K. S. Lee , and J. D. Acosta 2008. “The Sense of Community (SCI) Revised: The Reliability and Validity of the SCI-2.” Paper presented at the 2nd International Community Psychology Conference, Lisboa, Portugal.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen, R. K. , and B. E. Wright . 2011. “The Effects of Public Service Motivation on Job Choice Decisions: Disentangling the Contributions of Person-organization Fit and Person-job Fit.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 21 (4): 723–743. doi:10.1093/jopart/muq085.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clerkin, R. M. , and J. D. Coggburn . 2012. “The Dimensions of Public Service Motivation and Sector Work Preferences.” Review of Public Personnel Administration 32 (3): 209–235. doi:10.1177/0734371X11433880.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crewson, P. E. 1997. “Public-Service Motivation: Building Empirical Evidence of Incidence and Effect.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 4: 499–518. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024363.
   Google Scholar
• Gailmard, S. 2010. “Politics, Principal–agent Problems, and Public Service Motivation.” International Public Management Journal 13 (1): 35–45. doi:10.1080/10967490903547225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, B. , and S. K. Pandey . 2017. “We Know the Yin—But Where Is the Yang? Toward a Balanced Approach on Common Source Bias in Public Administration Scholarship.” Review of Public Personnel Administration 37 (2): 245–270. doi:10.1177/0734371X17698189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giauque, D. , S. Anderfuhren-Biget , and F. Varone . 2013. “HRM Practices, Intrinsic Motivators, and Organizational Performance in the Public Sector.” Public Personnel Management 42: 123–150. doi:10.1177/0091026013487121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, J. , W. Black , B. Babin , and R. Anderson . 2010. Multivariate Data Analysis . 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Hatch, M. J. , and M. Schultz . 2002. “The Dynamics of Organizational Identity.” Human Relations 55 (8): 989–1018. doi:10.1177/0018726702055008181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Highhouse, S. , E. E. Thornbury , and I. S. Little . 2007. “Social-identity Functions of Attraction to Organizations.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 103 (1): 134–146. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.01.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homberg, F. , D. McCarthy , and V. Tabvuma . 2015. “A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Public Service Motivation and Job Satisfaction.” Public Administration Review 75 (5): 711–722. doi:10.1111/puar.12423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horton, S. 2006. “New Public Management: Its Impact on Public Servant’s Identity: An Introduction to This Symposium.” International Journal of Public Sector Management 19 (6): 533–542. doi:10.1108/09513550610685970.
   Google Scholar
• Ketchland, A. 1998. “The Existence of Multiple Measures of Organizational Commitment and Experience-related Differences in a Public Accounting Setting.” Behavioural Research in Accounting 10 (112): 115.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, S. 2005. “Individual-level Factors and Organizational Performance in Government Organizations.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 15 (2): 245–261. doi:10.1093/jopart/mui013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S. 2006. “Public Service Motivation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Korea.” International Journal of Manpower 27 (8): 722–740. doi:10.1108/01437720610713521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S. 2012. “Does Person Organization Fit Matter in the Public Sector? Testing the Mediating Effect of Person Organization Fit in the Relationship between Public Service Motivation and Work Attitudes.” Public Administration Review 72 (6): 830–840. doi:10.1111/puar.2012.72.issue-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, H. J. , J. C. Molloy , and C. T. Brinsfield . 2012. “Reconceptualizing Workplace Commitment to Redress a Stretched Construct: Revisiting Assumptions and Removing Confounds.” Academy of Management Review 37: 130–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koumenta, M. 2015. “Public Service Motivation and Organizational Citizenship.” Public Money & Management 35 (5): 341–348. doi:10.1080/09540962.2015.1061169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, G. B. , and S. A. Frank . 2002. “Who Wants to Work for the Government?” Public Administration Review 62 (4): 395–404. doi:10.1111/puar.2002.62.issue-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, B. , T. Li-Ping Tang , and K. Yang . 2015. “When Does Public Service Motivation Fuel the Job Satisfaction Fire? The Joint Moderation of Person-Organization Fit and Needs-Supplies Fit.” Public Management Review 17 (6): 876–900. doi:10.1080/14719037.2013.867068.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lodahl, T. M. , and M. Kejnar . 1965. “The Definition and Measurement of Job Involvement.” Journal of Applied Psychology 49 (1): 24–33. doi:10.1037/h0021692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mael, F. , and B. E. Ashforth . 1992. “Alumni and Their Alma Mater: A Partial Test of the Reformulated Model of Organizational Identification.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 13 (2): 20–21. doi:10.1002/()1099-1379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, G. A. 2006. “A Motive to Serve: Public Service Motivation in Human Resource Management and the Role of PSM in the Nonprofit Sector.” Public Personnel Management 35 (1): 33–48. doi:10.1177/009102600603500103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan, D. W. , and D. M. Chavis . 1986. “Sense of Community: A Definition and Theory.” Journal of Community Psychology 14: 6–23. doi:10.1002/1520-6629(198601)14:1<6::AID-JCOP2290140103>3.0.CO;2-I.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, J. , and L. Herscovitch . 2001. “Commitment in the Workplace: Towards a General Model.” Human Resources Management Review 11: 299–326. doi:10.1016/S1053-4822(00)00053-X.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, J. P. , and N. J. Allen . 1991. “A Three-component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment.” Human Resource Management Review 1: 61–89. doi:10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z.
   Google Scholar
• Mobley, W. H. 1977. “Intermediate Linkages in the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover.” Journal of Applied Psychology 62 (2): 237–240. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.62.2.237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, G. 1990. “Paradigm Diversity in Organizational Research.” In The Theory and Philosophy of Organizations: Critical Issues and New Perspectives , 13–29. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Mowday, R. T. , R. M. Steers , and L. W. Porter . 1979. “The Measurement of Organizational Commitment.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 14: 224–247. doi:10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moynihan, D. P. , and S. K. Pandey . 2007. “The Role of Organizations in Fostering Public Service Motivation.” Public Administration Review 67 (1): 40–53. doi:10.1111/puar.2007.67.issue-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naff, K. C. , and J. Crum . 1999. “Working for America: Does Public Service Motivation Make a Difference?” Review of Public Personnel Administration 19: 5–16. doi:10.1177/0734371X9901900402.
   Google Scholar
• Nowell, B. , A. Izod , K. M. Ngaruiya , and N. M. Boyd . 2016. “Public Service Motivation and Sense of Community Responsibility: Comparing Two Motivational Constructs in Understanding Leadership within Community Collaboratives.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 26 (4): 663–676. doi:10.1093/jopart/muv048.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowell, B. , and N. Boyd . 2010. “Viewing Community as Responsibility versus Resource: Deconstructing the Theoretical Roots of Psychological Sense of Community.” Journal of Community Psychology 38: 828–841. doi:10.1002/jcop.20398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowell, B. , and N. Boyd . 2014. “Sense of Community Responsibility in Community Collaboratives: Advancing a Theory of Community as Resource and Responsibility.” American Journal of Community Psychology 54: 229–242. doi:10.1007/s10464-014-9667-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, S. K. , B. E. Wright , and D. P. Moynihan . 2008. “Public Service Motivation and Interpersonal Citizenship Behavior in Public Organizations: Testing a Preliminary Model.” International Public Management Journal 11 (1): 89–108. doi:10.1080/10967490801887947.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, J. L. 1996. “Measuring Public Service Motivation: An Assessment of Construct Reliability and Validity.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 6 (1): 5–22. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024303.
   Google Scholar
• Perry, J. L. 1997. “Antecedents of Public Service Motivation.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory , 7: 181 –197. Reprinted in Public Service: Callings, Commitments , and Constraints, edited by M. Holzer, 125–138. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Perry, J. L. , and A. Hondeghem . 2008. “Building Theory and Empirical Evidence about Public Service Motivation.” International Public Management Journal 11 (1): 3–12. doi:10.1080/10967490801887673.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, J. L. , A. Hondeghem , and L. R. Wise . 2010. “Revisiting the Motivational Bases of Public Service: Twenty Years of Research and an Agenda for the Future.” Public Administration Review 70: 681–690. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2010.02196.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, J. L. , and L. R. Wise . 1990. “The Motivational Basis of Public Service.” Public Administration Review , no. 50: 367–373. doi:10.2307/976618.
   Google Scholar
• Petrovsky, N. , and A. Ritz . 2014. “Public Service Motivation and Performance: A Critical Perspective.” Evidence-based HRM 2 (1): 57–79.
   Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, N. P. , S. W. Whiting , P. M. Podsakoff , and B. D. Blume . 2009. “Individual- and Organizational-level Consequences of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Meta-analysis.” Journal of Applied Psychology 94: 122–141. doi:10.1037/a0013079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M. , S. B. MacKenzie , J. Y. Lee , and N. P. Podsakoff . 2003. “Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies.” Journal of Applied Psychology 88 (5): 879–903. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porath, C. , G. Spreitzer , C. Gibson , and G. G. Flannery . 2012. “Thriving at Work: Toward Its Measurement, Construct Validation, and Theoretical Refinement.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 33: 250–275. doi:10.1002/job.756.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, L. , R. Steers , R. Mowday , and P. Boulian . 1974. “Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover among Psychiatric Technicians.” Journal of Applied Psychology 59: 603–609. doi:10.1037/h0037335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, L. , W. Crampon , and F. Smith . 1976. “Organizational Commitment and Managerial Turnovers: A Longitudinal Study.” Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 15: 87–98. doi:10.1016/0030-5073(76)90030-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quratulain, S. , and A. K. Khan . 2015. “How Does Employees’ Public Service Motivation Get Affected? A Conditional Process Analysis of the Effects of Person–job Fit and Work Pressure.” Public Personnel Management 44 (2): 266–289. doi:10.1177/0091026014568461.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riketta, M. 2005. “Organizational Identification: A Meta-analysis.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 66: 358–384. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritz, A. , G. A. Brewer , and O. Neumann . 2016. “Public Service Motivation: A Systematic Literature Review and Outlook.” Public Administration Review 76 (3): 414–426. doi:10.1111/puar.12505.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M. , and E. L. Deci . 2017. Self-determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness . New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Saks, A. M. 2006. “Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement.” Journal of Managerial Psychology 21 (7): 600–619. doi:10.1108/02683940610690169.
   Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B. , and A. B. Bakker . 2004. “Job Demands, Job Resources and Their Relationship with Burnout and Engagement: A Multi-sample Study.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 25: 293–315. doi:10.1002/job.248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B. , M. Salanova , V. Gonzalez-Roma , and A. B. Bakker . 2002. “The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A Confirmative Analytic Approach.” Journal of Happiness Studies 3 (1): 71–92. doi:10.1023/A:1015630930326.
   Google Scholar
• Selznick, P. 1948. “Foundations of the Theory of Organization.” American Sociological Review 13 (1): 25–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, C. A. , D. W. Organ , and J. P. Near . 1983. “Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature and Antecedents.” Journal of Applied Psychology 68 (4): 653. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.68.4.653.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spreitzer, G. M. , K. Sutcliffe , J. Dutton , S. Sonenshein , and A. M. Grant . 2005. “A Socially Embedded Model of Thriving at Work.” Organization Science 16 (5): 537–549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steijn, A. J. 2008. “Person Environment Fit and Public Service Motivation.” International Public Management Journal 11 (1): 13–27. doi:10.1080/10967490801887863.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, J. 2008. “Organizational Influences, Public Service Motivation and Work Outcomes: An Australian Study.” International Public Management Journal 11 (1): 67–88. doi:10.1080/10967490801887921.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van de Voorde, F. C. , J. Paauwe , and M. J. P. M. Van Veldhoven . 2012. “Employee Well-being and the HRM-organizational Performance Relationship: A Review of Quantitative Studies.” International Journal of Management Reviews 14 (4): 391–407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dyne, L. , and J. A. LePine . 1998. “Helping and Voice Extra-role Behaviors: Evidence of Construct and Predictive Validity.” The Academy of Management Journal 41 (1): 108–119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dyne, L. , & LePine, J. A. 1998. “Helping and Voice Extra-role Behaviors: Evidence of Construct and Predictive Validity.” Academy of Management Journal 41 (1): 108–119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Loon, A. , A. M. Kjeldsen , L. B. Andersen , W. Vandenabeele , and P. Leisink . 2018. “Only When the Societal Impact Potential Is High? A Panel Study of the Relationship between Public Service Motivation and Perceived Performance.” Review of Public Personnel Administration 38 (2): 139–166. doi:10.1177/0734371X16639111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Loon, N. , W. Vandenabeele , and P. Leisink . 2015. “On the Bright and Dark Side of Public Service Motivation: The Relationship between PSM and Employee Wellbeing.” Public Money & Management 35 (5): 349–356. doi:10.1080/09540962.2015.1061171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandenabeele, W. 2007. “Toward a Public Administration Theory of Public Service Motivation: An Institutional Approach.” Public Management Review 9 (4): 545–556. doi:10.1080/14719030701726697.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, L. J. , and S. E. Anderson . 1991. “Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and In-role Behaviors.” Journal of Management 17 (3): 601–617. doi:10.1177/014920639101700305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, B. E. , R. K. Christensen , and S. K. Pandey . 2013. “Measuring Public Service Motivation: Exploring the Equivalence of Existing Global Measures.” International Public Management Journal 16 (2): 197–223. doi:10.1080/10967494.2013.817242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, B. E. , and S. K. Pandey . 2008. “Public Service Motivation and the Assumption of Person—Organization Fit Testing the Mediating Effect of Value Congruence.” Administration and Society 40 (5): 502–521. doi:10.1177/0095399708320187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar