From making visible to hiding. Visual representations of financial markets as tools of manipulation and active and living agents

REFERENCES

• Arnoldi, J. 2006. “Frames and Screens: The Reduction of Uncertainty in Electronic Derivatives Trading.” Economy and Society 35 (3): 381–399. doi:10.1080/03085140600844936.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnoldi, J. 2016. “Computer Algorithms, Market Manipulation and the Institutionalization of High Frequency Trading.” Theory, Culture & Society 33 (1): 29–52. doi:10.1177/0263276414566642.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belting, H. 2005. “Image, Medium, Body: A New Approach to Iconology.” Critical Inquiry 31 (2): 302–319. doi:10.1086/430962.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beunza, D., and D. Stark. 2004. “Tools of the Trade: The Socio-Technology of Arbitrage in a Wall Street Trading Room.” Industrial and Corporate Change 13 (2): 369–400. doi:10.1093/icc/dth015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beunza, D., and F. Muniesa. 2005. “Listening to the Spread Plot.” In Making Things Public. Atmospheres of Democracy, edited by B. Latour and P. Weibel, 628–633. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beunza, D. 2006. “New Artistic Engagements with the Capital Markets.” Economic Sociology_The European Electronic Newsletter 7 (3): 29–33. hdl.handle.net/10419/155870.
   Google Scholar
• Bredekamp, H. 2018. Image Acts: A Systematic Approach to Visual Agency. Berlin: DeGruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Bresciani, S., and M. J. Eppler. 2015. “The Pitfalls of Visual Representations: A Review and Classification of Common Errors Made while Designing and Interpreting Visualizations.” Sage Open 5 (4): 1–14. doi:10.1177/2158244015611451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buck-Morss, S. 1995. “Envisioning Capital: Political Economy on Display.” Critical Inquiry 21 (2): 434–467. doi:10.1086/448759.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, J. 2010. Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Cetina, K. K., and U. Bruegger. 2002a. “Inhabiting Technology: The Global Lifeform of Financial Markets.” Current Sociology 50 (3): 389–405. doi:10.1177/0011392102050003006.
   Google Scholar
• Cetina, K. K., and U. Bruegger. 2002b. “Traders’ Engagement with Markets: A Postsocial Relationship.” Theory, Culture and Society 19 (5–6): 161–185. doi:10.1177/026327602761899200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cetina, K. K. 2003. “From Pipes to Scopes: The Flow Architecture of Financial Markets.” Distinktion: Journal of Social Theory 4 (2): 7–23. doi:10.1080/1600910X.2003.9672857.
   Google Scholar
• de Goede, M. 2005. Virtue, Fortune, and Faith: A Genealogy of Finance. Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Elkins, J. 2003. Visual Studies: A Skeptical Introduction. New York and London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ellis, C. 2004. The Ethnographic I: A Methodological Novel about Autoethnography. Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ellsberg, D. 1961. “Risk, Ambiguity, and the Savage Axioms.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 75 (4): 643–669. doi:10.2307/1884324.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmison, M., P. Smith, and M. Mayall. 2012. Researching the Visual. Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Entman, R. M. 1993. “Framing: Towards Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” Journal of Communication 43 (4): 51–58. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaboury, J. 2015. “Hidden Surface Problems: On the Digital Image as Material Object.” Journal of Visual Culture 14 (1): 40–60. doi:10.1177/1470412914562270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert, J. K. 2010. “The Role of Visual Representations in the Learning and Teaching of Science: An Introduction.” Asia – Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching 11 (1): 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Goffman, E. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday Anchor Books.
   Google Scholar
• Kahneman, D., and A. Tversky. 1982. “Variants of Uncertainty.” Cognition 11 (2): 143–157. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(82)90023-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kittler, F. 2009. Optical Media. Cambridge, MA: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Ko, S., I. Cho, S. Afzal, C. Yan, J. Choe, A. Malik, K. Beck, Y. Jang, W. Ribarsky, and D. S. Ebert. 2016. “A Survey on Visual Analysis Approaches for Financial Data.” Computer Graphics Forum 35 (3): 599–617. doi:10.1111/cgf.12931.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosslyn, S. M. 2006. Graph Design for the Eye and the Mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Krawczyk, M. M. 2019. “The Aesthetic and Financial Markets. Beyond Mere Representing and Supporting.” Contemporary Aesthetics 17: 14.
   Google Scholar
• Lohse, G. L., K. Biolsi, N. Walker, and H. H. Rueter. 1994. “A Classification of Visual Representations.” Communications of the ACM 37 (12): 36–49. doi:10.1145/198366.198376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKenzie, D. 2019. “How Algorithms Interact: Goffman’s ‘Interaction Order’ in Automated Trading.” Theory, Culture & Society 36 (2): 39–59. doi:10.1177/0263276419829541.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maréchal, G. 2010. “Autoethnography.” In Encyclopedia of Case Study Research, edited by A. J. Mills, G. Durepos, and E. Wiebe, Vol. 2, 43–45. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Mayall, M. 2006. “Seeing the Market: Technical Analysis in Trading Styles.” Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 36 (2): 119–140. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5914.2006.00300.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirzoeff, N. 1999. An Introduction to Visual Culture. London and New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, W. J. T. 2005. What Do Pictures Want?: The Lives and Loves of Images. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, W. J. T. 2002. “Showing Seeing: A Critique of Visual Culture.” Journal of Visual Culture 1 (2): 165–181. doi:10.1177/147041290200100202.
   Google Scholar
• Moxey, K. 2013. Visual Time: The Image in History. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Preda, A. 2001. “The Rise of the Popular Investor: Financial Knowledge and Investing in England and France, 1840-1880.” The Sociological Quarterly 42 (2): 205–232. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2001.tb00031.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preda, A. 2006. “Socio-Technical Agency in Financial Markets: The Case of the Stock Ticker.” Social Studies of Science 36 (5): 753–782. doi:10.1177/0306312706059543.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preda, A. 2009. Framing Finance: The Boundaries of Markets and Modern Capitalism. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pryke, M., and P. Du Gay. 2007. “Take an Issue: Cultural Economy and Finance.” Economy and Society 36 (3): 339–354. doi:10.1080/03085140701428282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pryke, M. 2010. “Money’s Eyes: The Visual Preparation of Financial Markets.” Economy and Society 39 (4): 427–459. doi:10.1080/03085147.2010.510679.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rankin, R. 1990. “A Taxonomy of Graph Types.” Information Design Journal 6 (2): 147–159. doi:10.1075/idj.6.2.03ran.
   Google Scholar
• Roscoe, P., and C. Howorth. 2009. “Identification through Technical Analysis: A Study of Charting and UK Non-Professional Investors.” Accounting, Organizations and Society 34 (2): 206–221. doi:10.1016/j.aos.2008.05.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roscoe, P. 2013. “Economic Embeddedness and Materiality in a Financial Market Setting.” The Sociological Review 61 (1): 41–68. doi:10.1111/1467-954X.12004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schinckus, C., and I. Christiansen. 2011. “Financial Iconography: Iconic Dimension of Contemporary Finance.” British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 3 (2): 193–203.
   Google Scholar
• Schinckus, C., and I. Christiansen. 2012. “Visual Finance.” Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 24 (2): 173–192. doi:10.1177/0260107913504842.
   Google Scholar
• Sturken, M., and L. Cartwright. 2001. Practices of Looking: An Introduction to Visual Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Styhre, A. 2013. “Screenness and Organizing: Sociomaterial Practices in Mediated World.” VINE 43 (1): 4–21. doi:10.1108/03055721311302115.
   Google Scholar
• Svetlova, E. 2008. “Framing Complexity in Financial Markets: An Example of Portfolio Management.” Science Technology & Innovation Studies 4 (2): 115–130.
   Google Scholar
• Van Veeren, E. 2018. “Invisibility.” In Visual Global Politics, edited by R. Bleiker, 196–200. London and New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wainer, H. 1984. “How to Display Data Badly.” The American Statistician 38 (2): 137–147. doi:10.2307/2683253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaloom, C. 2003. “Ambiguous Numbers: Trading Technologies and Interpretation in Financial Markets.” American Ethnologist 30 (2): 258–272. doi:10.1525/ae.2003.30.2.258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaloom, C. 2006. Out of Pits: Traders and Technology from Chicago to London. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zaloom, C. 2009. “How to Read Future: The Yield Curve, Affect, and Financial Prediction.” Public Culture 21 (2): 245–268. doi:10.1215/08992363-2008-028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwick, D., and N. Dholakia. 2006. “Bringing the Market to Life. Screen Aesthetics and the Epistemic Consumption Object.” Marketing Theory 6 (1): 41–62. doi:10.1177/1470593106061262.
   Google Scholar
• Zwick, D. 2005. “Where the Action Is: Internet Stock Trading as Edgework.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 11 (1): 22–43. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.tb00302.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar