Four colour anti-fascism: postwar narratives and the obfuscation of the Holocaust in East German comics

References

• Atze Wort-Bildgeschichte, 1955–1990. Berlin: Verlag Junge Welt.
   Google Scholar
• Augustine, Dolores L. 2007. Red Prometheus: Engineering and Dictatorship in East Germany, 1945–1990. Cambridge: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Azaryahu, Maoz. 2003. “Replacing Memory: The Reorientation of Buchenwald.” Cultural Geographies 10: 1–20. doi: 10.1191/1474474003eu265oa
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biess, Frank. 2006. Homecomings: Returning POWs and the Legacies of Defeat in Postwar Germany. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Blessing, Benita. 2006. The Anti-Fascist Classroom: Denazification in Soviet-Occupied Germany, 1945–1949. New York: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Brock, Angela. 2009. “Producing the ‘Socialist Personality’? Socialisation, Education, and the Emergence of New Patterns of Behaviour.” In Power and Society in the GDR: The “Normalisation of Rule”?, edited by Mary Fulbrook, 220–252. New York: Berghahn.
   Google Scholar
• Bundesarchiv (BArch). 1959. DY 24 Pionierorganisation “Ernst Thälmann.” 5790 An der Zentralrat der FDJ, 29 Juni. Berlin-Lichterfelde.
   Google Scholar
• Bundesarchiv (BArch). 1966. DY 24 Zentralrat der FDJ. 1581 (Atze) Konzeption für das neue Profil des Zentralrates der FDJ. Berlin-Lichterfelde.
   Google Scholar
• Bundesarchiv (BArch). 1969–1984. DC 9 Presseamt beim Vorsitzenden des Ministerrates. 1628 (Mosaik). Berlin-Lichterfelde.
   Google Scholar
• Bundesarchiv (BArch). 1981. DY 26 Verlag “Junge Welt.” 173 (Bilderzeitschriften) “Studien zur Geschichte der deutschen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur.” Berlin-Lichterfelde.
   Google Scholar
• Confino, Alon, and Peter Fritzsche. 2002. “Introduction: Noises of the Past.” In The Work of Memory: New Directions in the Study of German Society and Culture, edited by Alon Confino and Peter Fritzsche, 1–21. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
   Google Scholar
• Darnton, Robert. 2014. Censors at Work: How States Shaped Literature. New York: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Dennis, Mike. 2000. The Rise and Fall of the German Democratic Republic, 1945–1990. Harlow: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• DiNapoli, Thomas. 1984. “Thirty Years of Children’s Literature in the German Democratic Republic.” German Studies Review 7 (2): 281–300. doi: 10.2307/1428573
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eedy, Sean. 2014. “Reimagining GDR Comics: Kultur, Children’s Literature, and the Socialist Personality.” Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics 5 (3): 245–256. doi: 10.1080/21504857.2014.908402
   Google Scholar
• Eedy, Sean. 2016. “ Comic Books and Culture in the German Democratic Republic, 1955–1990: Between Constructions of Power and Childhood.” PhD diss., Carleton University.
   Google Scholar
• Fox, Thomas C. 2004. “The Holocaust Under Communism.” In Historiography of the Holocaust, edited by Dan Stone, 420–439. Houndmills: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Fulbrook, Mary. 2005. The People’s State: East German Society from Hitler to Honecker. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fulbrook, Mary. 2013. “East Germans in a Post-Nazi State: Communities of Experience, Connection, and Identification.” In Becoming East German: Socialist Structures and Sensibilities After Hitler, edited by Mary Fulbrook and Andrew I. Port, 33–55. New York: Berghahn.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, Hope M. 2003. Driving the Soviets up the Wall: Soviet-East German Relations, 1953–1961. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Herf, Jeffrey. 1997. Divided Memory: The Nazi Past in the Two Germanys. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jovanovich, Goran, and Ulrich Koch. 1999. “The Comics Debate in Germany: Against Dirt and Rubbish, Pictoral Idiotism, and Cultural Analphabetism.” In Pulp Demons: International Dimensions of the Postwar Anti-Comics Campaign, edited by John A. Lent, 93–128. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses.
   Google Scholar
• Lettkemann, Gerd, and Michael F. Scholz. 1994. Schuldig ist Schließlich Jeder … Comics in der DDR—Die Geschichte Eines Ungeliebten Mediums. Berlin: Mosaik Steinchen für Steinchen Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Lower, Wendy. 2010. “Male and Female Holocaust Perpetrators and the East German Approach to Justice, 1949–1963.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 24 (1): 56–84. doi: 10.1093/hgs/dcq003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxwell, Alexander. 2012. “East Europeans in the Cold War Comic This Godless Communism.” In Comic Books and the Cold War, 1946–1962: Essays on Graphic Treatment of Communism, edited by Chris York and Rafiel York, 190–203. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
   Google Scholar
• McDougall, Alan. 2001. “The Liberal Interlude: SED Youth Policy and the Free German Youth (FDJ), 1963–65.” Debatte 9 (2): 123–55.
   Google Scholar
• Ó Dochartaigh, Pól. 2016. Germans and Jews Since the Holocaust. New York: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Poiger, Uta. 2000. Jazz, Rock, and Rebels: Cold War Politics and American Culture in a Divided Germany. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stahl, J. D. 1992. “Children’s Literature and the Politics of the Nation State.” Children’s Literature 20: 193–203. doi: 10.1353/chl.0.0495
   Google Scholar
• Thomson-Wohlgemuth, Gaby. 2009. Translation Under State Control: Books for Young People in the German Democratic Republic. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wierling, Dorothee. 2008. “Youth as Internal Enemy: Conflicts in the Education Dictatorship of the 1960s.” In Socialist Modern: East German Everyday Culture and Politics, edited by Katherine Pence and Paul Betts, 157–182. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Witek, Joseph. 1989. Comic Books as History: the Narrative Art of Jack Jackson, Art Spiegelman, and Harvey Pekar. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, Bradford W. 2001. Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar