How to lose gracefully in an internationally selfish world: gender, the “New Jew” and the underestimation of athletic performance in interwar Palestine

References

• Balslev, Sivan. Iranian Masculinities Gender and Sexuality in Late Qajar and Early Pahlavi Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University press, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Belkind, Meira. “Belkind Dairy.” Section 3-02. Box 1, Folder 1. Rishon LeZion Archive. henceforth, “RLA”] [Hebrew]
   Google Scholar
• Bodner, Allen. When Boxing was a Jewish Sport. Westport. Conn: Praeger, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Bourke, Joanna. Dismembering the Male: Men’s Bodies, Britain and the Great War. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Boyarin, Daniel. Unheroic Conduct: The Rise of Heterosexuality and the Invention of the Jewish Men. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Brenner, Michael, and Gidon Reuvani. Eds. Emancipation Through Muscles: Jews and Sports in Europe. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Brenner, Michael. In Search of Israel: The History of an Idea. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Cahn, Susan. Coming on Strong: Gender and Sexuality in Twentieth-Century Women’s Sport. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, Tony. Sport in Capitalist Society: A Short History. New York: Routledge, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W. Masculinites. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Creak, Simon. Embodied Nation: Sport, Masculinity and the Making of Modern Laos. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Dyreson, Mark. “The Emergence of Consumer Culture and the Transformation of Physical Culture: American Sport in the 1920s.” Journal of Sport History 16, no. 3 (1989): 261–281.
   Google Scholar
• Edelman, Robert. Serious Fun: A History of Spectator Sports in the USSR. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Erik, Jensen. Body by Weimar: Athletes, Gender, and German Modernity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Frost, Dennis J. Seeing Stars: Sports Celebrity, Identity, and Body Culture in Modern Japan. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Gilman, Sander. The Jew's Body. New York: Routledge, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Hau, Michael. The Cult of Health and Beauty in Germany a Social History, 1890-1930. Chicago: Chicago University press, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Hofmann, Annette. Turnen and Sport: Transatlantic Transfers. New York and Berlin: Waxmann, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Hotam, Yotam. “"‘Re-Orientation’: Sport and the Transformation of the Jewish Body and Identity.” Israel Studies 25, no. 2 (2015): 53–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.20.2.53.
   Google Scholar
• Huebner, Stefan. Pan-Asian Sports and the Emergence of Modern Asia, 1913-1974. Singapore: NUS Press, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Idels, Ofer. ““Can We Call Gymnastics Sport?”: The Inception of Competitive Sport in the Yishuv and the Limitations of Zionist Periodization.” Israel 27-28 (2021): 95–114. (in Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Idels, Ofer. “Imagined Games: Sport, the Yishuv and the XI Olympiad, 1931-1936.” Cathedra 167 (2018): 85–110. (in Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Jacob, Wilson Chacko. Working Out Egypt: Effendi Masculinity and Subject Formation in Colonial Modernity, 1870-1940. Durham: Duke University Press, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Keys, Barbara. “Soviet Sport and Transnational Mass Culture in the 1930s.” Journal of Contemporary History 38, no. 3 (2003): 413–434. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009403038003005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keys, Barbara. Globalizing Sport: National Rivalry and International Community in the 1930s. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Levitan, Lipa. “Eretz Israel in India.” Kolnoa, 25 April 1934. [in Hebrew].
   Google Scholar
• Levitan, Lipa. “Our Daughters.” Kolnoa, 28 April 1933. [in Hebrew]
   Google Scholar
• Levitan, Lipa. “Tennis.” Kolnoa, 18 December 1931. [in Hebrew]
   Google Scholar
• Levitan, Lipa. “The Maccabi Delegation to London.” Hayarden, 22 August 1934. [in Hebrew].
   Google Scholar
• Levitan, Lipa. “Towards the Games in London.” Kolnoa, 25 January 1934. [in Hebrew]
   Google Scholar
• Lewinsohn, Fritz. “Olympic Training Miki Hirschel.” Mitteilungsblatt, 4 April 1939. [in German]
   Google Scholar
• Mangan, J. A. Making European Masculinities: Sport, Europe, Gender. New York: Routledge, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• McKay, Jim, Michael A. Messner, and Donald Sabo. Masculinities, Gender Relations, and Sport. London: Sage Press, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Morris, Andrew D. Marrow of the Nation: A History of Sport and Physical Culture in Republican China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Mosse, George. The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Neumann, Boaz. Land and Desire in Early Zionism. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Neumann, Idith. “My Profession – Grace Trainer.” Haboker, 18 July 1957. [in Hebrew]
   Google Scholar
• Nirenberg, David. Anti-Judaism: The Western Tradition. New York: Norton, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Nolte, Claire. The Sokol in the Czech Lands to 1914: Training for the Nation. Hampshire: Palgrave, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Pfister, Gertrud, and Toni Niewerth. “Jewish Women in Gymnastics and Sport in Germany 1898-1938.” Journal of Sport History 26, no. 2 (1999): 287–325.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pfister, Gertrud. Gymnastics, a Transatlantic Movement: From Europe to America. New York: Routledge, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Shalav, Saar. “Leah Fletcher Death.” Ha’aretz, 3 January 2012. [in Hebrew]
   Google Scholar
• Sherman, Milt. “Wrestling Greats – Nicholas “Micky” Hirschl Return to Los Angeles.” Wrestling USA Magazine, 1 October 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Simon, Ernst. “Maccabi World on the actions of Maccabi Hagibor.” Davar 27 April 1927. [in Hebrew]
   Google Scholar
• Sluga, Glenda. Internationalism in the Age of Nationalism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Spiegel, Nina S. Embodying Hebrew Culture: Aesthetics, Athletics, and Dance in the Jewish Community of Mandate Palestine. Detroit: Wayne State Press, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Stanislawski, Michael. Zionism and the Fin de Siècle: Cosmopolitanism and Nationalism from Nordau to Jabotinsky. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Tosh, John. A Man's Place: Masculinity and the Middle-Class Home in Victorian England. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Tumblety, Joan. Remaking the Male Body: Masculinity and the Uses of Physical Culture in Interwar and Vichy France. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Weber, Eugen. “Gymnastics and Sports in Fin-de-Siècle France: Opium of the Classes?” The American Historical Review 76, no. 1 (1971): 70–98. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1869777.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wildman, Daniel, Der veränderbare Körper, and Jüdische Turner. Männlichkeit und das Wiedergewinnen von Geschichte in Deutschland um 1900 [The Alterable Body: Jewish Gymnasts, Masculinity, and the Reclamation of History in Germany Around 1900]. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2009. [in German].
   Google Scholar
• Zweig, Stefan. The World of Yesterday. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1964.
   Google Scholar