589
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Emerging drugs for the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis

&
Pages 83-96 | Received 31 Dec 2017, Accepted 22 Feb 2018, Published online: 01 Mar 2018

References

  • Sieper J, Poddubnyy D. Axial spondyloarthritis. Lancet. 2017 Jan 19;390:73–84.
  • Rudwaleit M, Metter A, Listing J, et al. Inflammatory back pain in ankylosing spondylitis: a reassessment of the clinical history for application as classification and diagnostic criteria. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Feb;54(2):569–578. PubMed PMID: 16447233.
  • Calin A, Porta J, Fries JF, et al. Clinical history as a screening test for ankylosing spondylitis. Jama. 1977 Jun 13;237(24):2613–2614. PubMed PMID: 140252.
  • Ranganathan V, Gracey E, Brown MA, et al. Pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis – recent advances and future directions. Nat Reviews Rheumatol. 2017 Jun;13(6):359–367. PubMed PMID: 28446810.
  • Noordenbos T, Yeremenko N, Gofita I, et al. Interleukin-17-positive mast cells contribute to synovial inflammation in spondylarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Jan;64(1):99–109. PubMed PMID: 21968742.
  • Smith JA. The bench-to-bedside story of IL-17 and the therapeutic efficacy of its targeting in spondyloarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2016 Jun;18(6):33. PubMed PMID: 27105640.
  • Bakland G, Nossent HC. Epidemiology of spondyloarthritis: a review. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2013 Sep;15(9):351. PubMed PMID: 23888360; eng.
  • Van Tubergen A. The changing clinical picture and epidemiology of spondyloarthritis. Nat Reviews Rheumatol. 2015 Feb;11(2):110–118. PubMed PMID: 25385414.
  • Rudwaleit M, Van Der Heijde D, Landewe R, et al. The development of assessment of spondyloarthritis international society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Jun;68(6):777–783. ard.2009.108233 [pii]. PubMed PMID: 19297344; eng.
  • Van Der Linden S, Valkenburg HA, Cats A. Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. A proposal for modification of the New York criteria. Arthritis Rheum. 1984 Apr;27(4):361–368. PubMed PMID: 6231933.
  • Sampaio-Barros PD, Bertolo MB, Kraemer MH, et al. Undifferentiated spondyloarthropathies: a 2-year follow-up study. Clin Rheumatol. 2001;20(3):201–206. PubMed PMID: 11434474.
  • Poddubnyy D, Rudwaleit M, Haibel H, et al. Rates and predictors of radiographic sacroiliitis progression over 2 years in patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Aug;70(8):1369–1374. PubMed PMID: 21622969.
  • Van Der Heijde D, Ramiro S, Landewe R, et al. 2016 update of the ASAS-EULAR management recommendations for axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Jun;76(6):978–991. PubMed PMID: 28087505.
  • Boonen A, Sieper J, Van Der Heijde D, et al. The burden of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2015 Apr;44(5):556–562. PubMed PMID: 25532945.
  • Reveille JD, Ximenes A, Ward MM. Economic considerations of the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Am J Med Sci. 2012 May;343(5):371–374. PubMed PMID: 22543541; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3613240.
  • Martindale J, Shukla R, Goodacre J. The impact of ankylosing spondylitis/axial spondyloarthritis on work productivity. Best Practice Research Clinical Rheumatology. 2015 Jun;29(3):512–523. PubMed PMID: 26612245.
  • Corbett M, Soares M, Jhuti G, et al. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors for ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2016 Feb;20(9):1–334, v-vi. PubMed PMID: 26847392; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4781282.
  • Van Der Heijde D, Kivitz A, Schiff MH, et al. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Jul;54(7):2136–2146. PubMed PMID: 16802350.
  • Landewe R, Braun J, Deodhar A, et al. Efficacy of certolizumab pegol on signs and symptoms of axial spondyloarthritis including ankylosing spondylitis: 24-week results of a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled Phase 3 study [Clinical trial, phase III randomized controlled trial research support, non-U.S. Gov’t]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jan;73(1):39–47. PubMed PMID: 24013647; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3888598. eng.
  • Davis JC Jr., Van Der Heijde D, Braun J, et al. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (etanercept) for treating ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Nov;48(11):3230–3236. PubMed PMID: 14613288.
  • Inman RD, Davis JC Jr., Heijde D, et al. Efficacy and safety of golimumab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Nov;58(11):3402–3412. PubMed PMID: 18975305.
  • Braun J, Brandt J, Listing J, et al. Treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with infliximab: a randomised controlled multicentre trial. Lancet. 2002 Apr 6;359(9313):1187–1193. PubMed PMID: 11955536.
  • Braun J, Pham T, Sieper J, et al. International ASAS consensus statement for the use of anti-tumour necrosis factor agents in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003 Sep;62(9):817–824. PubMed PMID: 12922952; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1754665.
  • Baeten D, Sieper J, Braun J, et al. Secukinumab, an interleukin-17A inhibitor, in ankylosing spondylitis. N Engl J Med. 2015 Dec 24;373(26):2534–2548. PubMed PMID: 26699169.
  • Sieper J, Deodhar A, Marzo-Ortega H, et al. Secukinumab efficacy in anti-TNF-naive and anti-TNF-experienced subjects with active ankylosing spondylitis: results from the MEASURE 2 Study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Mar;76(3):571–592. PubMed PMID: 27582421.
  • Thomas SS, Borazan N, Barroso N, et al. Comparative immunogenicity of TNF inhibitors: impact on clinical efficacy and tolerability in the management of autoimmune diseases. A systematic review and meta-analysis. BioDrugs. 2015 Aug;29(4):241–258. PubMed PMID: 26280210.
  • Rios Rodriguez V, Poddubnyy D. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) inhibitors in the treatment of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis: current evidence and place in therapy. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2017 Aug;9(8):197–210. PubMed PMID: 28835779; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5557185.
  • Haibel H, Brandt HC, Song IH, et al. No efficacy of subcutaneous methotrexate in active ankylosing spondylitis: a 16-week open-label trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 Mar;66(3):419–421. PubMed PMID: 16901959.
  • Haibel H, Rudwaleit M, Braun J, et al. Six months open label trial of leflunomide in active ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Jan;64(1):124–126. PubMed PMID: 15608310.
  • Braun J, Zochling J, Baraliakos X, et al. Efficacy of sulfasalazine in patients with inflammatory back pain due to undifferentiated spondyloarthritis and early ankylosing spondylitis: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Sep;65(9):1147–1153. PubMed PMID: 16606646.
  • Song IH, Heldmann F, Rudwaleit M, et al. Treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with abatacept: an open-label, 24-week pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Jun;70(6):1108–1110. PubMed PMID: 21415053.
  • Song IH, Heldmann F, Rudwaleit M, et al. Different response to rituximab in tumor necrosis factor blocker-naive patients with active ankylosing spondylitis and in patients in whom tumor necrosis factor blockers have failed: a twenty-four-week clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 May;62(5):1290–1297. PubMed PMID: 20461780; eng.
  • Haibel H, Rudwaleit M, Listing J, et al. Open label trial of anakinra in active ankylosing spondylitis over 24 weeks. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Feb;64(2):296–298. PubMed PMID: 15208175.
  • Sieper J, Porter-Brown B, Thompson L, et al. Assessment of short-term symptomatic efficacy of tocilizumab in ankylosing spondylitis: results of randomised, placebo-controlled trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jan;73(1):95–100. PubMed PMID: 23765873; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3888605.
  • Sieper J, Braun J, Kay J, et al. Sarilumab for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: results of a Phase II, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (ALIGN). Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Jun;74(6):1051–1057. PubMed PMID: 24550171; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4431338.
  • Ward MM, Deodhar A, Akl EA, et al. American College of Rheumatology/Spondylitis Association of America/Spondyloarthritis Research and Treatment Network 2015 Recommendations for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016 Feb;68(2):282–298. PubMed PMID: 26401991.
  • Smolen JS, Schols M, Braun J, et al. Treating axial spondyloarthritis and peripheral spondyloarthritis, especially psoriatic arthritis, to target: 2017 update of recommendations by an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Jul 06; PubMed PMID: 28684559.
  • Kroon FP, Van Der Burg LR, Ramiro S, et al. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for axial spondyloarthritis: a Cochrane review. J Rheumatol. 2016 Mar;43(3):607–617. PubMed PMID: 26834216.
  • Wang R, Dasgupta A, Ward MM. Comparative efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in ankylosing spondylitis: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of clinical trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Jun;75(6):1152–1160. PubMed PMID: 26248636.
  • Sieper J, Lenaerts J, Wollenhaupt J, et al. Efficacy and safety of infliximab plus naproxen versus naproxen alone in patients with early, active axial spondyloarthritis: results from the double-blind, placebo-controlled INFAST study, Part 1. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jan;73(1):101–107. PubMed PMID: 23696633; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3888606.
  • Sieper J, Klopsch T, Richter M, et al. Comparison of two different dosages of celecoxib with diclofenac for the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis: results of a 12-week randomised, double-blind, controlled study [Comparative study multicenter study randomized controlled trial]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Mar;67(3):323–329. PubMed PMID: 17616556; eng.
  • Coxib, traditional NTC, Bhala N, et al. Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2013 Aug 31;382(9894):769–779. PubMed PMID: 23726390; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3778977.
  • Nissen SE, Yeomans ND, Solomon DH, et al. Cardiovascular safety of celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2016 Dec 29;375(26):2519–2529. PubMed PMID: 27959716.
  • Chan FKL, Ching JYL, Tse YK, et al. Gastrointestinal safety of celecoxib versus naproxen in patients with cardiothrombotic diseases and arthritis after upper gastrointestinal bleeding (CONCERN): an industry-independent, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised trial. Lancet. 2017 Jun 17;389(10087):2375–2382. PubMed PMID: 28410791.
  • Bakland G, Gran JT, Nossent JC. Increased mortality in ankylosing spondylitis is related to disease activity [Research support, non-U.S. gov’t]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Nov;70(11):1921–1925. PubMed PMID: 21784726; eng.
  • Haroon NN, Paterson JM, Li P, et al. Patients with ankylosing spondylitis have increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality: a population-based study. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Sep 15;163(6):409–416. PubMed PMID: 26258401.
  • Wanders A, Heijde D, Landewe R, et al. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs reduce radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Jun;52(6):1756–1765. PubMed PMID: 15934081.
  • Sieper J, Listing J, Poddubnyy D, et al. Effect of continuous versus on-demand treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with diclofenac over 2 years on radiographic progression of the spine: results from a randomised multicentre trial (ENRADAS). Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Aug;75(8):1438–1443. PubMed PMID: 26242443.
  • Proft F, Muche B, Listing J, et al. Study protocol: comparison of the effect of treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs added to anti-tumour necrosis factor a therapy versus anti-tumour necrosis factor a therapy alone on progression of structural damage in the spine over two years in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (CONSUL) – an open-label randomized controlled multicenter trial. BMJ Open. 2017 Jun 10;7(6):e014591. PubMed PMID: 28601821.
  • Sieper J, Poddubnyy D. New evidence on the management of spondyloarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016 May;12(5):282–295. PubMed PMID: 27052489.
  • Spadaro A, Lubrano E, Marchesoni A, et al. Remission in ankylosing spondylitis treated with anti-TNF-alpha drugs: a national multicentre study. Rheumatology. 2013 Oct;52(10):1914–1919. PubMed PMID: 23878312.
  • Song IH, Hermann K, Haibel H, et al. Effects of etanercept versus sulfasalazine in early axial spondyloarthritis on active inflammatory lesions as detected by whole-body MRI (ESTHER): a 48-week randomised controlled trial [comparative study multicenter study randomized controlled trial research support, non-U.S. gov’t]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Apr;70(4):590–596. PubMed PMID: 21372193; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3211465. eng.
  • Barkham N, Keen HI, Coates LC, et al. Clinical and imaging efficacy of infliximab in HLA-B27-positive patients with magnetic resonance imaging-determined early sacroiliitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Apr;60(4):946–954. PubMed PMID: 19333933; eng.
  • Haibel H, Rudwaleit M, Listing J, et al. Efficacy of adalimumab in the treatment of axial spondylarthritis without radiographically defined sacroiliitis: results of a twelve-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial followed by an open-label extension up to week fifty-two [Randomized controlled trial research support, non-U.S. gov’t]. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Jul;58(7):1981–1991. PubMed PMID: 18576337; eng.
  • Sieper J, Van Der Heijde D, Dougados M, et al. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial (ABILITY-1). Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 Jun;72(6):815–822. PubMed PMID: 22772328; eng.
  • Dougados M, Van Der Heijde D, Sieper J, et al. Symptomatic efficacy of etanercept and its effects on objective signs of inflammation in early nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Aug;66(8):2091–2102. PubMed PMID: 24891317; eng.
  • Sieper J, Van Der Heijde D, Dougados M, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sixteen-week study of subcutaneous golimumab in patients with active nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015 Oct;67(10):2702–2712. PubMed PMID: 26139307.
  • Lubrano E, Perrotta FM, Marchesoni A, et al. Remission in nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha drugs: an Italian multicenter study. J Rheumatol. 2015 Feb;42(2):258–263. PubMed PMID: 25512483.
  • Lorenzin M, Ortolan A, Frallonardo P, et al. Predictors of response and drug survival in ankylosing spondylitis patients treated with infliximab. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015 Jul 24;16:166. PubMed PMID: 26205000; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4513706.
  • Rudwaleit M, Listing J, Brandt J, et al. Prediction of a major clinical response (BASDAI 50) to tumour necrosis factor alpha blockers in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Jun;63(6):665–670. PubMed PMID: 15037444.
  • Van Der Heijde D, Landewe R, Baraliakos X, et al. Radiographic findings following two years of infliximab therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Oct;58(10):3063–3070. PubMed PMID: 18821688.
  • Van Der Heijde D, Salonen D, Weissman BN, et al. Assessment of radiographic progression in the spines of patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with adalimumab for up to 2 years. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(4):R127. PubMed PMID: 19703304; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2745811.
  • Van Der Heijde D, Landewe R, Einstein S, et al. Radiographic progression of ankylosing spondylitis after up to two years of treatment with etanercept. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 May;58(5):1324–1331. PubMed PMID: 18438853; eng.
  • Braun J, Baraliakos X, Hermann KG, et al. The effect of two golimumab doses on radiographic progression in ankylosing spondylitis: results through 4 years of the GO-RAISE trial [Clinical trial, phase iii multicenter study randomized controlled trial research support, non-U.S. gov’t]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jun;73(6):1107–1113. PubMed PMID: 23644549; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4033110. eng.
  • Haroon N, Inman RD, Learch TJ, et al. The impact of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors on radiographic progression in ankylosing spondylitis [research support, N.I.H., extramural research support, non-U.S. gov’t]. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Oct;65(10):2645–2654. PubMed PMID: 23818109; eng.
  • Maas F, Arends S, Wink FR, et al. Ankylosing spondylitis patients at risk of poor radiographic outcome show diminishing spinal radiographic progression during long-term treatment with TNF-alpha inhibitors. PloS One. 2017;12(6):e0177231. PubMed PMID: 28640818; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5480831.
  • Baraliakos X, Listing J, Brandt J, et al. Radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis after 4 yrs of treatment with the anti-TNF-alpha antibody infliximab. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007 Sep;46(9):1450–1453. kem166 [pii]. PubMed PMID: 17623745; eng.
  • Molnar C, Scherer A, Baraliakos X, et al. TNF blockers inhibit spinal radiographic progression in ankylosing spondylitis by reducing disease activity: results from the Swiss clinical quality management cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Sep 22; PubMed PMID: 28939631.
  • Deodhar AA, Dougados M, Baeten DL, et al. Effect of secukinumab on patient-reported outcomes in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: a phase III randomized trial (MEASURE 1). Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2016 Dec;68(12):2901–2910. PubMed PMID: 27390130; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5132041.
  • Braun J, Baraliakos X, Deodhar A, et al. Effect of secukinumab on clinical and radiographic outcomes in ankylosing spondylitis: 2-year results from the randomised phase III MEASURE 1 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Jun;76(6):1070–1077. PubMed PMID: 27965257.
  • Aitken M, Institute Q. Outlook for global medicines through 2021. 2016 cited 2017 Dec 29. Available from: http://static.correofarmaceutico.com/docs/2016/12/12/qiihi_outlook_for_global_medicines_through_2021.pdf
  • Gu T, Shah N, Deshpande G, et al. Comparing biologic cost per treated patient across indications among adult US managed care patients: a retrospective cohort study. Drugs - Real World Outcomes. 2016 Dec;3(4):369–381. PubMed PMID: 27757919; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5127933 de-identified patient-level data and thus did not require Institutional Review Board review. Informed consent the data for this analysis were accessed and analyzed in a manner that complied with The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) regulations, including those related to privacy and security of individually identifiable health information. Individuals’ informed consent was not required as this study employed de-identified data. Conflict of interest NS is an employee and stockholder of Amgen Inc. DHT is a former employee and stockholder of Amgen Inc. TG, GD, and DFE received research grants from Amgen Inc. for this study. Funding This research was funded by Immunex Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amgen Inc.
  • Borse RH, Brown C, Muszbek N, et al. Cost-effectiveness of golimumab in ankylosing spondylitis from the UK payer perspective. Rheumatol Therapy. 2017 Dec;4(2):427–443. PubMed PMID: 28956301; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5696295.
  • Moorkens E, Jonker-Exler C, Huys I, et al. Overcoming barriers to the market access of biosimilars in the European Union: the case of biosimilar monoclonal antibodies. Front Pharmacol. 2016;7:193. PubMed PMID: 27445826; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4925708.
  • Park W, Yoo DH, Jaworski J, et al. Comparable long-term efficacy, as assessed by patient-reported outcomes, safety and pharmacokinetics, of CT-P13 and reference infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: 54-week results from the randomized, parallel-group PLANETAS study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016 Jan 20;18:25. PubMed PMID: 26795209; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4721187.
  • Park W, Hrycaj P, Jeka S, et al. A randomised, double-blind, multicentre, parallel-group, prospective study comparing the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of CT-P13 and innovator infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: the PLANETAS study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 Oct;72(10):1605–1612. PubMed PMID: 23687259; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3786643.
  • Komaki Y, Yamada A, Komaki F, et al. Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of biosimilars of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha agents in rheumatic diseases; a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Autoimmun. 2017 May;79:4–16. PubMed PMID: 28209290.
  • Pentek M, Zrubka Z, Gulacsi L. The economic impact of biosimilars on chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Curr Pharm Des. 2017 Nov 29; PubMed PMID: 29189134.
  • Lorenzin M, Ortolan A, De Hooge M, et al. Lengthening the time intervals between doses of biological agents in psoriatic arthritis patients: a single-center retrospective study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2015 Dec;28(4):479–487. PubMed PMID: 26384393.
  • Poddubnyy D, Sieper J. What is the best treatment target in axial spondyloarthritis: tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 17, or both? Rheumatology. 2017 Oct 12; PubMed PMID: 29040753.
  • Moz S, Aita A, Basso D, et al. Spondyloarthritis: matrix metalloproteinasesas biomarkers of pathogenesis and response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Apr 14;18(4). PubMed PMID: 28420081; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5412414.
  • Maksymowych WP. An update on biomarker discovery and use in axial spondyloarthritis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2017 Nov;17(11):965–974. PubMed PMID: 28920498.
  • Bowness P. Hla-B27. Annu Rev Immunol. 2015;33:29–48. PubMed PMID: 25861975.
  • Paine A, Ritchlin CT. Targeting the interleukin-23/17 axis in axial spondyloarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2016 Jul;28(4):359–367. PubMed PMID: 27152702.
  • Ivanov II, Atarashi K, Manel N, et al. Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria. Cell. 2009 Oct 30;139(3):485–498. PubMed PMID: 19836068; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2796826.
  • Rueda B, Orozco G, Raya E, et al. The IL23R Arg381Gln non-synonymous polymorphism confers susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Oct;67(10):1451–1454. PubMed PMID: 18199597.
  • Rahman P, Inman RD, Gladman DD, et al. Association of interleukin-23 receptor variants with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Apr;58(4):1020–1025. PubMed PMID: 18383363.
  • Wang X, Lin Z, Wei Q, et al. Expression of IL-23 and IL-17 and effect of IL-23 on IL-17 production in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int. 2009 Sep;29(11):1343–1347. PubMed PMID: 19247658; eng.
  • Appel H, Maier R, Bleil J, et al. In situ analysis of interleukin-23- and interleukin-12-positive cells in the spine of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Jun;65(6):1522–1529. PubMed PMID: 23508523; eng.
  • Appel H, Maier R, Wu P, et al. Analysis of IL-17(+) cells in facet joints of patients with spondyloarthritis suggests that the innate immune pathway might be of greater relevance than the Th17-mediated adaptive immune response [Research support, non-U.S. gov’t]. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011;13(3):R95. PubMed PMID: 21689402; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3218910. eng.
  • Sherlock JP, Joyce-Shaikh B, Turner SP, et al. IL-23 induces spondyloarthropathy by acting on ROR-gammat+ CD3+CD4-CD8- entheseal resident T cells [Research support, non-U.S. gov’t]. Nat Med. 2012 Jul;18(7):1069–1076. PubMed PMID: 22772566; eng.
  • Ciccia F, Guggino G, Rizzo A, et al. Type 3 innate lymphoid cells producing IL-17 and IL-22 are expanded in the gut, in the peripheral blood, synovial fluid and bone marrow of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Sep;74(9):1739–1747. PubMed PMID: 25902790.
  • Raychaudhuri SP, Raychaudhuri SK. Mechanistic rationales for targeting interleukin-17A in spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2017 Mar 08;19(1):51. PubMed PMID: 28270233; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5341175.
  • Lilly E. Lilly announces positive top-line phase 3 results for Taltz® (ixekizumab) in ankylosing spondylitis (Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis). 2018. Available from: https://investor.lilly.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=1057280
  • Chernyaeva E, Eremeeva A, Galustyan A, et al. Pharmakokinetics, safety and tolerance of BCD-085, a novel IL-17 inhibitor, based on the results of phase 1 clinical study in healthy volunteers. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(Supplement 2):429.
  • Lebwohl M, Strober B, Menter A, et al. Phase 3 studies comparing brodalumab with ustekinumab in psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct;373(14):1318–1328. PubMed PMID: 26422722.
  • Mease PJ, Genovese MC, Greenwald MW, et al. Brodalumab, an anti-IL17RA monoclonal antibody, in psoriatic arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jun 12;370(24):2295–2306. PubMed PMID: 24918373.
  • Lebwohl MG, Papp KA, Marangell LB, et al. Psychiatric adverse events during treatment with brodalumab: analysis of psoriasis clinical trials. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Oct 03; PubMed PMID: 28985956.
  • Glatt S, Helmer E, Haier B, et al. First-in-human randomized study of bimekizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody and selective dual inhibitor of IL-17A and IL-17F, in mild psoriasis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017 May;83(5):991–1001. PubMed PMID: 27859546; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5401985.
  • Maroof A, Okoye R, Smallie T, et al. Bimekizumab dual inhibition of IL-17A and IL-17F provides evidence ofIL-17F contribution to chronic inflammation in disease-relevant cells. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(supplement 2):213.
  • Glatt S, Strimenopoulou F, Vajjah P, et al. Bimekizumab, a monocloncal antibiody that inhibits both IL-17A and IL-17F, produces a profound response in both skin and joints: results of an early-phase, proof-of-concept study in psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(Supplement 2):95.
  • UCB. Bimekizumab advances with significant results in ankylosing spondylitis patients. 2017 [updated 14.12.2017; cited 2017 29.12.2017]. Available from: https://www.ucb.com/stories-media/Press-Releases/article/Bimekizumab-advances-with-significant-results-in-ankylosing-spondylitis-patients
  • McInnes IB, Kavanaugh A, Gottlieb AB, et al. Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in patients with active psoriatic arthritis: 1 year results of the phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled PSUMMIT 1 trial. Lancet. 2013 Aug 31;382(9894):780–789. PubMed PMID: 23769296.
  • Ritchlin C, Rahman P, Kavanaugh A, et al. Efficacy and safety of the anti-IL-12/23 p40 monoclonal antibody, ustekinumab, in patients with active psoriatic arthritis despite conventional non-biological and biological anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy: 6-month and 1-year results of the phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised PSUMMIT 2 trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jun;73(6):990–999. PubMed PMID: 24482301; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4033144.
  • Kavanaugh A, Puig L, Gottlieb AB, et al. Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in psoriatic arthritis patients with peripheral arthritis and physician-reported spondylitis: post-hoc analyses from two phase III, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (PSUMMIT-1/PSUMMIT-2). Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Nov;75(11):1984–1988. PubMed PMID: 27098404.
  • Chimenti MS, Ortolan A, Lorenzin M, et al. Effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab in naive or TNF-inhibitors failure psoriatic arthritis patients: a 24-month prospective multicentric study. Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Feb;37(2):397–405. PubMed PMID: 29302829.
  • Poddubnyy D, Hermann KG, Callhoff J, et al. Ustekinumab for the treatment of patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: results of a 28-week, prospective, open-label, proof-of-concept study (TOPAS). Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 May;73(5):817–823. PubMed PMID: 24389297.
  • Papp KA, Blauvelt A, Bukhalo M, et al. Risankizumab versus Ustekinumab for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2017 Apr 20;376(16):1551–1560. PubMed PMID: 28423301.
  • Gordon KB, Duffin KC, Bissonnette R, et al. A phase 2 trial of guselkumab versus adalimumab for plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 9;373(2):136–144. PubMed PMID: 26154787.
  • Blauvelt A, Papp KA, Griffiths CE, et al. Efficacy and safety of guselkumab, an anti-interleukin-23 monoclonal antibody, compared with adalimumab for the continuous treatment of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis: results from the phase III, double-blinded, placebo- and active comparator-controlled VOYAGE 1 trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Mar;76(3):405–417. PubMed PMID: 28057360.
  • Papp K, Thaci D, Reich K, et al. Tildrakizumab (MK-3222), an anti-interleukin-23p19 monoclonal antibody, improves psoriasis in a phase IIb randomized placebo-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2015 Oct;173(4):930–939. PubMed PMID: 26042589.
  • Reich K, Papp KA, Blauvelt A, et al. Tildrakizumab versus placebo or etanercept for chronic plaque psoriasis (reSURFACE 1 and reSURFACE 2): results from two randomised controlled, phase 3 trials. Lancet. 2017 Jul 15;390(10091):276–288. PubMed PMID: 28596043.
  • Tonini A, Gualtieri B, Panduri S, et al. A new class of therapeutic biologic agents for combatting psoriasis: anti-IL-23 agents. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2017 Nov 06:1–14. PubMed PMID: 29103330.
  • Deodhar AA, Gottlieb AB, Boehncke WH, et al. Efficacy and safety results of guselkumab, an anti-IL23 monoclonal antibody, in patients with active psoriatic arthritis over 24 weeks: a phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum. 2016;68(suppl10).ubf. 4L
  • Schwartz DM, Bonelli M, Gadina M, et al. Type I/II cytokines, JAKs, and new strategies for treating autoimmune diseases. Nat Reviews Rheumatol. 2016 Jan;12(1):25–36. PubMed PMID: 26633291; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4688091.
  • Raychaudhuri SK, Raychaudhuri SP. Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways in spondyloarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2017 Jul;29(4):311–316. PubMed PMID: 28394822.
  • Fleischmann R, Kremer J, Cush J, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of tofacitinib monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2012 Aug 09;367(6):495–507. PubMed PMID: 22873530.
  • Van Der Heijde D, Deodhar A, Wei JC, et al. Tofacitinib in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a phase II, 16-week, randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Aug;76(8):1340–1347. PubMed PMID: 28130206.
  • Westhovens R, Taylor PC, Alten R, et al. Filgotinib (GLPG0634/GS-6034), an oral JAK1 selective inhibitor, is effective in combination with methotrexate (MTX) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and insufficient response to MTX: results from a randomised, dose-finding study (DARWIN 1). Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Jun;76(6):998–1008. PubMed PMID: 27993829.
  • Kavanaugh A, Kremer J, Ponce L, et al. Filgotinib (GLPG0634/GS-6034), an oral selective JAK1 inhibitor, is effective as monotherapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: results from a randomised, dose-finding study (DARWIN 2). Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Jun;76(6):1009–1019. PubMed PMID: 27993828.
  • Vermeire S, Schreiber S, Petryka R, et al. Clinical remission in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease treated with filgotinib (the FITZROY study): results from a phase 2, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2017 Jan 21;389(10066):266–275. PubMed PMID: 27988142.
  • Klunder B, Mohamed MF, Othman AA. Population pharmacokinetics of upadacitinib in healthy subjects and subjects with rheumatoid arthritis: analyses of phase I and II clinical trials. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2017 Oct 26; PubMed PMID: 29076110.
  • Genovese MC, Smolen JS, Weinblatt ME, et al. Efficacy and safety of ABT-494, a selective JAK-1 inhibitor, in a phase IIb study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2016 Dec;68(12):2857–2866. PubMed PMID: 27390150; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5132065.
  • Kremer JM, Emery P, Camp HS, et al. A phase IIb study of ABT-494, a selective JAK-1 inhibitor, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2016 Dec;68(12):2867–2877. PubMed PMID: 27389975; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5132116.
  • Pathan E, Abraham S, Van Rossen E, et al. Efficacy and safety of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in ankylosing spondylitis [Clinical trial, phase ii randomized controlled trial research support, non-U.S. gov’t]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 Sep 1;72(9):1475–1480. PubMed PMID: 22984171; eng.
  • Attia A, Abushouk AI, Ahmed H, et al. Safety and efficacy of brodalumab for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Drug Investig. 2017 May;37(5):439–451. PubMed PMID: 28197901.
  • Hueber W, Sands BE, Lewitzky S, et al. Secukinumab, a human anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody, for moderate to severe Crohn’s disease: unexpected results of a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Gut. 2012 Dec;61(12):1693–1700. PubMed PMID: 22595313; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4902107.
  • Braun J, Baraliakos X, Listing J, et al. Differences in the incidence of flares or new onset of inflammatory bowel diseases in patients with ankylosing spondylitis exposed to therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents [Research support, non-U.S. gov’t review]. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 May 15;57(4):639–647. PubMed PMID: 17471540; eng.
  • Fischer JA, Hueber AJ, Wilson S, et al. Combined inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-17 as a therapeutic opportunity in rheumatoid arthritis: development and characterization of a novel bispecific antibody. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2015 Jan;67(1):51–62. PubMed PMID: 25303306.
  • Genovese MC, Weinblatt ME, Mansikka HT, et al. Dual cytokine inhibition with ABT-122, a TNF– and IL-17–targeted dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig™): results from a 24-week open-label extension study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2016; 68(suppl 10):see:650
  • Mease P, Genovese M, Weinblatt ME, et al. Safety and efficacy of ABT-122, a TNF and IL-17–targeted dual variable domain (DVD)–ig™, in psoriatic arthritis patients with inadequate response to methotrexate: results from a phase 2 trial. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016. 2016;68(suppl 10):958.
  • Gordon KB, Papp KA, Langley RG, et al. Long-term safety experience of ustekinumab in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis (Part II of II): results from analyses of infections and malignancy from pooled phase II and III clinical trials. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 May;66(5):742–751. PubMed PMID: 21978572.
  • Park SO, Wamsley HL, Bae K, et al. Conditional deletion of Jak2 reveals an essential role in hematopoiesis throughout mouse ontogeny: implications for Jak2 inhibition in humans. PloS One. 2013;8(3):e59675. PubMed PMID: 23544085; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3609865.
  • Xu D, Fan J, Chen Q, et al. OP0028 Low dose IL-2 therapy can recovery TH17/TREG cell balance in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(Suppl 2):63.
  • Varkas G, Thevissen K, De Brabanter G, et al. An induction or flare of arthritis and/or sacroiliitis by vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease: a case series. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 May;76(5):878–881. PubMed PMID: 27899374.
  • Krajewska-Wlodarczyk M, Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Placek W, et al. Role of stem cells in pathophysiology and therapy of spondyloarthropathies-new therapeutic possibilities? Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Dec 28;19(1). PubMed PMID: 29283375.
  • Rios Rodriguez V, Llop M, Poddubnyy D. Hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: a promising new therapy for spondyloarthritis? Immunotherapy. 2017;9:11.
  • Wong RS. Role of stem cells in spondyloarthritis: pathogenesis, treatment and complications. Hum Immunol. 2015 Oct;76(10):781–788. PubMed PMID: 26429327.
  • Hoxha A, Calligaro A, Tonello M, et al. The clinical relevance of early anti-adalimumab antibodies detection in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis: a prospective multicentre study. Joint Bone Spine. 2016 Mar;83(2):167–171. PubMed PMID: 26750762.
  • Koenders MI, Marijnissen RJ, Devesa I, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-interleukin-17 interplay induces S100A8, interleukin-1beta, and matrix metalloproteinases, and drives irreversible cartilage destruction in murine arthritis: rationale for combination treatment during arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Aug;63(8):2329–2339. PubMed PMID: 21520013.
  • Letko E, Yeh S, Foster CS, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous secukinumab in noninfectious uveitis requiring steroid-sparing immunosuppressive therapy. Ophthalmology. 2015 May;122(5):939–948. PubMed PMID: 25638011.
  • Dick AD, Tugal-Tutkun I, Foster S, et al. Secukinumab in the treatment of noninfectious uveitis: results of three randomized, controlled clinical trials. Ophthalmology. 2013 Apr;120(4):777–787. PubMed PMID: 23290985.
  • Hueber W, Patel DD, Dryja T, et al. Effects of AIN457, a fully human antibody to interleukin-17A, on psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and uveitis. Sci Transl Med. 2010 Oct 6;2(52):52ra72. PubMed PMID: 20926833.
  • Gueudry J, Thorne JE, Bansie R, et al. Biologic therapy for HLA-B27-associated ocular disorders. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2017 Apr;25(2):169–178. PubMed PMID: 27749140.
  • Feagan BG, Sandborn WJ, Gasink C, et al. Ustekinumab as induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med. 2016 Nov 17;375(20):1946–1960. PubMed PMID: 27959607.
  • Sandborn WJ, Ghosh S, Panes J, et al. A phase 2 study of tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, in patients with Crohn’s disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Sep;12(9):1485–93 e2. PubMed PMID: 24480677.
  • Panes J, Sandborn WJ, Schreiber S, et al. Tofacitinib for induction and maintenance therapy of Crohn’s disease: results of two phase IIb randomised placebo-controlled trials. Gut. 2017 Jun;66(6):1049–1059. PubMed PMID: 28209624; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5532457.
  • Sandborn WJ, Su C, Sands BE, et al. Tofacitinib as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med. 2017 May 4;376(18):1723–1736. PubMed PMID: 28467869.
  • Pouillon L, Bossuyt P, Vanderstukken J, et al. Management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and spondyloarthritis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;10(12):1363–1374. PubMed PMID: 28879780.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.