Emerging immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of head and neck cancers

References

• Gupta B, Johnson NW, Kumar N. Global epidemiology of head and neck cancers: a continuing challenge. Oncology. 2016;91(1):13–23. . Epub 2016/ 06/01.PubMed PMID: 27245686
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. . Epub 2018/ 09/12.PubMed PMID: 30207593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, et al. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer. 2010;127(12):2893–2917. . PubMed PMID: 21351269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamangar F, Dores GM, Anderson WF. Patterns of cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence across five continents: Defining priorities to reduce cancer disparities in different geographic regions of the world. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(14):2137–2150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marur S, Forastiere AA. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Update on epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(3):386–396. . PubMed PMID: 26944243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beynon RA, Lang S, Schimansky S, et al. Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking at diagnosis of head and neck cancer and all-cause mortality: results from head and neck 5000, a prospective observational cohort of people with head and neck cancer. Int J Cancer. 2018;143(5):1114–1127. . Epub 2018/ 04/23.PubMed PMID: 29607493; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6099366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehanna H, Beech T, Nicholson T, et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal and nonoropharyngeal head and neck cancer–systematic review and meta-analysis of trends by time and region. Head Neck. 2013;35(5):747–755. . Epub 2012/ 01/20.PubMed PMID: 22267298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson E, Li R, Eisele D, et al. The clinical impact of HPV tumor status upon head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol. 2014;50(6):565–574. . Epub 2013/ 10/14.PubMed PMID: 24134947; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4391706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Sullivan B, Huang SH, Su J, et al. Development and validation of a staging system for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer by the international collaboration on oropharyngeal cancer network for staging (ICON-S): a multicentre cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(4):440–451. . Epub 2016/ 02/27.PubMed PMID: 26936027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang SH, O’Sullivan B. Overview of the 8th edition TNM classification for head and neck cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2017;18(7):40. . PubMed PMID: 28555375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albers AE, Strauss L, Liao T, et al. T cell-tumor interaction directs the development of immunotherapies in head and neck cancer. Clin Dev Immunol. 2010;2010:236378. . Epub 2010/ 12/27.PubMed PMID: 21234340; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3017942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanderson RJ, Ironside JA. Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. BMJ. 2002;325(7368):822–827. . PubMed PMID: 12376446; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC1124330
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen EEW, Bell RB, Bifulco CB, et al. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer consensus statement on immunotherapy for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). J Immunother Cancer. 2019;7(1):184. . Epub 2019/ 07/15PubMed PMID: 31307547; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6632213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duray A, Demoulin S, Hubert P, et al. Immune suppression in head and neck cancers: a review. Clin Dev Immunol. 2010;2010:701657. . Epub 2011/ 03/10.PubMed PMID: 21437225; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3061296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• León X, Hitt R, Constenla M, et al. A retrospective analysis of the outcome of patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck refractory to a platinum-based chemotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2005;17(6):418–424. . PubMed PMID: 16149284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermorken JB, Mesia R, Rivera F, et al. Platinum-based chemotherapy plus cetuximab in head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(11):1116–1127. . PubMed PMID: 18784101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang JH, Wu CC, Yuan KS, et al. Locoregionally recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: incidence, survival, prognostic factors, and treatment outcomes. Oncotarget. 2017;8(33):55600–55612. . Epub 2017/ 03/17PubMed PMID: 28903447; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5589686
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferris RL, Blumenschein G, Fayette J, et al. Nivolumab for recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1856–1867. . Epub 2016/ 10/08.PubMed PMID: 27718784; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5564292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seiwert TY, Burtness B, Mehra R, et al. Safety and clinical activity of pembrolizumab for treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-012): an open-label, multicentre, phase 1b trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(7):956–965. . Epub 2016/ 05/27.PubMed PMID: 27247226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark DP. Biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors: the importance of tumor topography and the challenges to cytopathology. Cancer Cytopathol. 2018;126(1):11–19. Epub 2017/ 11/13. PubMed PMID: 29131530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sznol M, Chen L. Antagonist antibodies to PD-1 and B7-H1 (PD-L1) in the treatment of advanced human cancer. Clin Cancer Res off J Am Assoc Cancer Res. 2013;19(5):1021–1034. . PubMed PMID: 23460533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwai Y, Ishida M, Tanaka Y, et al. Involvement of PD-L1 on tumor cells in the escape from host immune system and tumor immunotherapy by PD-L1 blockade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99(19):12293–12297. . Epub 2002/ 09/10PubMed PMID: 12218188; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC129438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zandberg DP, Strome SE. The role of the PD-L1: PD-1pathway in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oral Oncol. 2014;50(7):627–632. . Epub 2014/ 05/10.PubMed PMID: 24819861
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brahmer J, Reckamp KL, Baas P, et al. Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(2):123–135. . Epub 2015/ 05/31PubMed PMID: 26028407; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4681400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borghaei H, Paz-Ares L, Horn L, et al. Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(17):1627–1639. . Epub 2015/ 09/27.PubMed PMID: 26412456; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5705936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrington KJ, Ferris RL, Blumenschein G Jr., et al. Nivolumab versus standard, single-agent therapy of investigator’s choice in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (CheckMate 141): health-related quality-of-life results from a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(8):1104–1115. Epub 2017/ 06/23.PubMed PMID: 28651929
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robert C, Ribas A, Schachter J, et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma (KEYNOTE-006): post-hoc 5-year results from an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(9):1239–1251. . Epub 2019/ 07/22 PubMed PMID: 31345627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mok TSK, Wu YL, Kudaba I, et al. Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for previously untreated, PD-L1-expressing, locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-042): a randomised, open-label, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10183):1819–1830. . Epub 2019/ 04/04PubMed PMID: 30955977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow LQM, Haddad R, Gupta S, et al. Antitumor activity of pembrolizumab in biomarker-unselected patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: results from the phase ib keynote-012 expansion cohort. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(32):3838–3845.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehra R, Seiwert TY, Gupta S, et al. Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: pooled analyses after long-term follow-up in KEYNOTE-012. Br J Cancer. 2018;119(2):153–159. . Epub 2018/ 06/29PubMed PMID: 29955135; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6048158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freshwater T, Kondic A, Ahamadi M, et al. Evaluation of dosing strategy for pembrolizumab for oncology indications. J Immunother Cancer. 2017;5(1):43.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bauml J, Seiwert TY, Pfister DG, et al. Pembrolizumab for platinum- and cetuximab-refractory head and neck cancer: results from a single-arm, phase ii study. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(14):1542–1549. . Epub 2017/ 03/22PubMed PMID: 28328302; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5946724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen EEW, Soulières D, Le Tourneau C, et al. Pembrolizumab versus methotrexate, docetaxel, or cetuximab for recurrent or metastatic head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-040): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2019;393(10167):156–167. . Epub 2018/ 11/30 PubMed PMID: 30509740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burtness B, Harrington KJ, Greil R, et al. Pembrolizumab alone or with chemotherapy versus cetuximab with chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-048): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2019;394(10212):1915–1928. . Epub 2019/ 11/01PubMed PMID: 31679945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrington KJ, Rischin D, Greil R, et al. KEYNOTE-048: progression after the next line of therapy following pembrolizumab (P) or P plus chemotherapy (P+C) vs EXTREME (E) as first-line (1L) therapy for recurrent/metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(15_suppl):6505.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uppaluri R, Campbell KM, Egloff AM, et al. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant pembrolizumab in resectable locally advanced, human papillomavirus-unrelated head and neck cancer: A Multicenter, phase ii trial. Clin Cancer Res. 2020;26(19):5140–5152. Epub 2020/ 07/14.PubMed PMID: 32665297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauml J, Karrison T, Vokes EE, et al. A randomized, double-blind phase II study of pembrolizumab versus placebo in patients with head and neck cancers at high risk for recurrence or low-volume residual disease: the PATHWay Study. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(15_suppl). 10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.TPS6095 TPS6095-TPS.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee HT, Lee JY, Lim H, et al. Molecular mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade via anti-PD-L1 antibodies atezolizumab and durvalumab. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):5532. . Epub 2017/ 07/17PubMed PMID: 28717238; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5514103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colevas AD, Bahleda R, Braiteh F, et al. Safety and clinical activity of atezolizumab in head and neck cancer: results from a phase I trial. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(11):2247–2253. . PubMed PMID: 30219915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zandberg DP, Algazi AP, Jimeno A, et al. Durvalumab for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: results from a single-arm, phase II study in patients with ≥25% tumour cell PD-L1 expression who have progressed on platinum-based chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2019;107:142–152. . Epub 2018/ 12/18PubMed PMID: 30576970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrueto L, Caminero F, Cash L, et al. Resistance to Checkpoint Inhibition in Cancer Immunotherapy. Transl Oncol. 2020;13(3):100738. . Epub 2020/ 02/27.PubMed PMID: 32114384; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7047187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolchok JD, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, et al. Overall survival with combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(14):1345–1356. . Epub 2017/ 09/11.PubMed PMID: 28889792; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5706778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellmann MD, Paz-Ares L, Bernabe Caro R, et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(21):2020–2031. . Epub 2019/ 09/28PubMed PMID: 31562796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motzer RJ, Rini BI, McDermott DF, et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib in first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma: extended follow-up of efficacy and safety results from a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(10):1370–1385. . Epub 2019/ 08/16PubMed PMID: 31427204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argiris A, Gillison M, Ferris RL, et al. A randomized, open-label, phase 3 study of nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab vs extreme regimen (cetuximab + cisplatin/carboplatin + fluorouracil) as first-line therapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck-CheckMate 651. Ann Oncol. 2016;27:vi350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siu LL, Even C, Mesía R, et al. Safety and efficacy of durvalumab with or without tremelimumab in patients with PD-L1-low/negative recurrent or metastatic HNSCC: The Phase 2 CONDOR randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019;5(2):195–203. . PubMed PMID: 30383184; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6439564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licitra LF, Haddad RI, Even C, et al. EAGLE: A phase 3, randomized, open-label study of durvalumab (D) with or without tremelimumab (T) in patients (pts) with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(15_suppl):6012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferris RL, Haddad R, Even C, et al. Durvalumab with or without tremelimumab in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: EAGLE, a randomized, open-label phase III study. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(7):942–950. . Epub 2020/ 04/12.PubMed PMID: 32294530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cancer Immunotherapy Market By Technology (Monoclonal Antibodies, Vaccines, Checkpoint Inhibitors) By Application (Head & Neck Cancer, Blood Cancers, Liver Cancer), And By End use (Cancer Research Centers, Hospitals, Clinics), Forecasts To 2027. 2020
   Google Scholar
• Ward MC, Shah C, Adelstein DJ, et al. Cost-effectiveness of nivolumab for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer☆. Oral Oncol. 2017;74:49–55. . Epub 2017/ 09/23PubMed PMID: 29103751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tringale KR, Carroll KT, Zakeri K, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of nivolumab for treatment of platinum-resistant recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2018;110(5):479–485. . PubMed PMID: 29126314; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5946900
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zargar M, McFarlane T, Chan KKW, et al. Cost-effectiveness of nivolumab in recurrent metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncologist. 2018;23(2):225–233. . Epub 2017/ 10/11.PubMed PMID: 29021380; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5813741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschmann A, Lupatsch JE, Schwenkglenks M, et al. Cost-effectiveness of nivolumab in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol. 2018;87:104–110. . Epub 2018/ 10/30.PubMed PMID: 30527224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh J, Guddati A. Comparison of treatment costs for pembrolizumab versus methotrexate, docetaxel, or cetuximab for recurrent or metastatic head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma based on KEYNOTE-040 clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(15_suppl):e18524–e.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh J, Guddati AK. Cost-effectiveness analysis of nivolumab compared to pembrolizumab in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Am J Cancer Res. 2020;10(6):1821–1826. Epub 2020/ 06/01. PubMed PMID: 32642293; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7339274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalbasi A, June CH, Haas N, et al. Radiation and immunotherapy: a synergistic combination. J Clin Invest. 2013;123(7):2756–2763. . Epub 2013/ 07/01PubMed PMID: 23863633; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4101987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss J, Bauman JR, Deal AM, et al. Preliminary toxicity data from the combination of pembrolizumab and definitive-dose radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer with contraindication to cisplatin therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(15_suppl):6069.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun XS, Sire C, Tao Y, et al. A phase II randomized trial of pembrolizumab versus cetuximab, concomitant with radiotherapy (RT) in locally advanced (LA) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN): first results of the GORTEC 2015-01 “PembroRad” trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(15_suppl):6018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferris RL, Gillison ML, Harris J, et al. Safety evaluation of nivolumab (Nivo) concomitant with cetuximab-radiotherapy for intermediate (IR) and high-risk (HR) local-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): RTOG 3504. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(15_suppl):6010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao Y, Auperin A, Sun XS, et al. Avelumab-cetuximab-radiotherapy (RT) versus standards of care (SoC) in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN): safety phase of the randomized trial GORTEC 2017-01 (REACH). J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(15_suppl):6076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee NY, Ferris RL, Beck JT, et al. JAVELIN head and neck 100: A phase 3 trial of avelumab in combination with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) vs CRT for 1st-line treatment of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA SCCHN). J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(15_suppl):TPS6093–TPS.
   Google Scholar
• Wise-Draper TM, Old MO, Worden FP, et al. Phase II multi-site investigation of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab and adjuvant concurrent radiation and pembrolizumab with or without cisplatin in resected head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(15_suppl):6017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machiels J-PH, Licitra L, Rischin D, et al. KEYNOTE-412: pembrolizumab (pembro) in combination with chemoradiation versus chemoradiation alone in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC). J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(15_suppl):TPS6090–TPS.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson JM, Ad VB, Lorber E, et al. Safety of nivolumab and ipilimumab in combination with radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA SCCHN). J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(15_suppl):(15_suppl):6070.
   Google Scholar
• Ferris RL. Immunology and immunotherapy of head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(29):3293–3304. . Epub 2015/ 09/08.PubMed PMID: 26351330; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4586169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Jie HB, Lei Y, et al. PD-1/SHP-2 inhibits Tc1/Th1 phenotypic responses and the activation of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res. 2015;75(3):508–518. . Epub 2014/ 12/05.PubMed PMID: 25480946; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4315704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fessas P, Lee H, Ikemizu S, et al. A molecular and preclinical comparison of the PD-1-targeted T-cell checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Semin Oncol. 2017;44(2):136–140. . Epub 2017/ 07/04 PubMed PMID: 28923212; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5612055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zak KM, Grudnik P, Magiera K, et al. Structural biology of the immune checkpoint receptor PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1/PD-L2. Structure. 2017;25(8):1163–1174. PubMed PMID: 28768162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manukian G, Bar-Ad V, Lu B, et al. combining radiation and immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol. 2019;9:122. . Epub 2019/ 03/06PubMed PMID: 30895168; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6414812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchbinder EI, Desai ACTLA-4. and PD-1 Pathways: Similarities, differences, and implications of their inhibition. Am J Clin Oncol. 2016;39(1):98–106. . PubMed PMID: 26558876; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4892769
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowshanravan B, Halliday N, Sansom DMCTLA-4. a moving target in immunotherapy. Blood. 2018;131(1):58–67. . Epub 2017/ 11/08.PubMed PMID: 29118008; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6317697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strome SE, Dong H, Tamura H, et al. B7-H1 blockade augments adoptive T-cell immunotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2003;63(19):6501–6505. PubMed PMID: 14559843
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appleman LJ, Berezovskaya A, Grass I, et al. CD28 costimulation mediates T cell expansion via IL-2-independent and IL-2-dependent regulation of cell cycle progression. J Immunol. 2000;164(1):144–151. . PubMed PMID: 10605005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peggs KS, Quezada SA, Korman AJ, et al. Principles and use of anti-CTLA4 antibody in human cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Immunol. 2006;18(2):206–213. Epub 2006/ 02/07. PubMed PMID: 16464564..
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotte A. Combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockers for treatment of cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019;38(1):255. Epub 2019/ 06/13. PubMed PMID: 31196207; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6567914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camacho LHCTLA-4. blockade with ipilimumab: biology, safety, efficacy, and future considerations. Cancer Med. 2015;4(5):661–672. . Epub 2015/ 01/25. PubMed PMID: 25619164; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4430259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrington KJ, Kong AH, Mach N, et al. Safety and preliminary efficacy of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) in combination (combo) with pembrolizumab (Pembro) in patients (pts) with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M HNSCC): A multicenter, phase 1b study (MASTERKEY-232). J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(15_suppl):6036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohlhapp FJ, Kaufman HL. Molecular pathways: Mechanism of action for talimogene laherparepvec, a new oncolytic virus immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22(5):1048–1054. . Epub 2015/ 12/30.PubMed PMID: 26719429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EEW C, Nabell L, DJL W, et al. Phase 1b/2, open label, multicenter study of intratumoral SD-101 in combination with pembrolizumab in anti-PD-1 treatment naïve patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(15_suppl):6039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massarelli E, William W, Johnson F, et al. Combining immune checkpoint blockade and tumor-specific vaccine for patients with incurable human papillomavirus 16-related cancer: A Phase 2 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019;5(1):67–73. . PubMed PMID: 30267032; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6439768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumacher TN, Schreiber RD. Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy. Science. 2015;348(6230):69–74. . PubMed PMID: 25838375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zolkind P, Dunn GP, Lin T, et al. Neoantigens in immunotherapy and personalized vaccines: Implications for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 2017;71:169–176. . Epub 2016/ 10/14PubMed PMID: 27751760; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5423853
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen RB, Twardowski P, Johnson ML, et al. GEN-009, a neoantigen vaccine containing ATLAS selected neoantigens, to generate broad sustained immunity against immunogenic tumor mutations and avoid inhibitory peptides. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(15_suppl):3107. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moynihan KD, Irvine DJ. Roles for innate immunity in combination immunotherapies. Cancer Res. 2017;77(19):5215–5221. . Epub 2017/ 09/19 PubMed PMID: 28928130; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5647817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo SR, Corrales L, Gajewski TF. Innate immune recognition of cancer. Annu Rev Immunol. 2015;33:445–474. Epub 2015/ 01/22PubMed PMID: 25622193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• André P, Denis C, Soulas C, et al. Anti-NKG2A mAb is a checkpoint inhibitor that promotes anti-tumor immunity by unleashing both T and NK cells. Cell. 2018;175(7):1731–43.e13. . Epub 2018/ 11/29.PubMed PMID: 30503213; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6292840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Montfoort N, Borst L, Korrer MJ, et al. NKG2A blockade potentiates cd8 t cell immunity induced by cancer vaccines. Cell. 2018;175(7):1744–55.e15. . Epub 2018/ 11/29.PubMed PMID: 30503208; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6354585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapaport AS, Schriewer J, Gilfillan S, et al. The inhibitory receptor nkg2a sustains virus-specific cd8⁺ t cells in response to a lethal poxvirus infection. Immunity. 2015;43(6):1112–1124. PubMed PMID: 26680205; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4745883. Epub 2015/ 12/08. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Hall T, André P, Horowitz A, et al. Monalizumab: inhibiting the novel immune checkpoint NKG2A. J Immunother Cancer. 2019;7(1):263. . Epub 2019/ 10/17.PubMed PMID: 31623687; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6798508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen RB, Lefebvre G, Posner MR, et al. Monalizumab in combination with cetuximab in patients (pts) with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) head and neck cancer (SCCHN) previously treated or not with PD-(L)1 inhibitors (IO): 1-year survival data. Ann Oncol. 2019;30:v460..
   Google Scholar
• Leone P, De Re V, Vacca A, et al. Cancer treatment and the KIR–HLA system: an overview. Clin Exp Med. 2017;17(4):419–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moretta A, Pende D, Locatelli F, et al. Activating and inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in haploidentical haemopoietic stem cell transplantation to cure high-risk leukaemias. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009;157(3):325–331. . PubMed PMID: 19664139; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2745025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yawata M, Yawata N, Abi-Rached L, et al. Variation within the human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene family. Crit Rev Immunol. 2002;22(5–6):463–482. . PubMed PMID: 12803322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raulet DH, Vance RE, McMahon CW. REGULATION OF THE NATURAL KILLER CELL RECEPTOR REPERTOIRE. Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19(1):291–330. . PubMed PMID: 11244039
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marin-Acevedo JA, Dholaria B, Soyano AE, et al. Next generation of immune checkpoint therapy in cancer: new developments and challenges. J Hematol Oncol. 2018;11(1):39. . Epub 2018/ 03/15PubMed PMID: 29544515; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5856308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long L, Zhang X, Chen F, et al. The promising immune checkpoint LAG-3: from tumor microenvironment to cancer immunotherapy. Genes Cancer. 2018;9(5–6):176–189. . PubMed PMID: 30603054; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6305110
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldberg MV, Drake CG.LAG-3 in cancer immunotherapy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2011;344:269–278. . PubMed PMID: 21086108; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4696019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson AC, Joller N, Kuchroo VK. Lag-3, Tim-3, and TIGIT: co-inhibitory receptors with specialized functions in immune regulation. Immunity. 2016;44(5):989–1004. . PubMed PMID: 27192565; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4942846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo SR, Turnis ME, Goldberg MV, et al. Immune inhibitory molecules LAG-3 and PD-1 synergistically regulate T-cell function to promote tumoral immune escape. Cancer Res. 2012;72(4):917–927. . Epub 2011/ 12/20.PubMed PMID: 22186141; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3288154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He Y, Rivard CJ, Rozeboom L, et al. Lymphocyte-activation gene-3, an important immune checkpoint in cancer. Cancer Sci. 2016;107(9):1193–1197. . Epub 2016/ 08/25.PubMed PMID: 27297395; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5021038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peguero JA, Bajaj P, Carcereny E, et al. A multicenter, phase II study of soluble LAG-3 (Eftilagimod alpha) in combination with pembrolizumab (TACTI-002) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(15_suppl):TPS2667–TPS.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linch SN, McNamara MJ, Redmond WL. OX40 agonists and combination immunotherapy: putting the pedal to the metal. Front Oncol. 2015;5:34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soroosh P, Ine S, Sugamura K, et al. OX40-OX40 ligand interaction through T cell-T cell contact contributes to CD4 T cell longevity. J Immunol. 2006;176(10):5975–5987. . PubMed PMID: 16670306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn S, Toellner KM, Raykundalia C, et al. CD4 T cell cytokine differentiation: the B cell activation molecule, OX40 ligand, instructs CD4 T cells to express interleukin 4 and upregulates expression of the chemokine receptor, Blr-1. J Exp Med. 1998;188(2):297–304. . PubMed PMID: 9670042; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2212448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vu MD, Clarkson MR, Yagita H, et al. Critical, but conditional, role of OX40 in memory T cell-mediated rejection. J Immunol. 2006;176(3):1394–1401. . PubMed PMID: 16424166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuebling T, Schumacher CE, Hofmann M et al. The immune checkpoint modulator OX40 and its ligand OX40L in Immunosurveillance NK-C, Leukemia AM Cancer Immunol Res. 2018;6:2 209–221. Epub 2018/ 01/10. . PubMed PMID: 29321210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell RB, Leidner RS, Crittenden MR, et al. OX40 signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: overcoming immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Oral Oncol. 2016;52:1–10. . Epub 2015/ 11/21PubMed PMID: 26614363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspeslagh S, Postel-Vinay S, Rusakiewicz S, et al. Rationale for anti-OX40 cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2016;52:50–66. . Epub 2015/ 11/30.PubMed PMID: 26645943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer TM, Chae YK, Patel S, et al. A phase I study of MEDI6383, an OX40 agonist, in adult patients with select advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(15_suppl):TPS3093–TPS.
   Google Scholar
• Bell RB, Duhen R, Leidner RS, et al. Neoadjuvant anti-OX40 (MEDI6469) prior to surgery in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(15_suppl):6011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu J, Yamazaki S, Takahashi T, et al. Stimulation of CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells through GITR breaks immunological self-tolerance. Nat Immunol. 2002;3(2):135–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronchetti S, Zollo O, Bruscoli S, et al. GITR, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is costimulatory to mouse T lymphocyte subpopulations. Eur J Immunol. 2004;34(3):613–622. . PubMed PMID: 14991590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knee DA, Hewes B, Brogdon JL. Rationale for anti-GITR cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2016;67:1–10. . Epub 2016/ 08/31PubMed PMID: 27591414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanabuchi S, Watanabe N, Wang YH, et al. Human plasmacytoid predendritic cells activate NK cells through glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-ligand (GITRL). Blood. 2006;107(9):3617–3623. PubMed PMID: 16397134. Epub 2006/ 01/05. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shevach EM, Stephens GL. The GITR–GITRL interaction: co-stimulation or contrasuppression of regulatory activity? Nat Rev Immunol. 2006;6(8):613–618.
   Google Scholar
• Economopoulou P, Kotsantis I, Psyrri A. The promise of immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: combinatorial immunotherapy approaches. ESMO Open. 2016;1(6):e000122. . Epub 2017/ 02/13.PubMed PMID: 28848660; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5548974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qi X, Li F, Wu Y, et al. Optimization of 4-1BB antibody for cancer immunotherapy by balancing agonistic strength with FcγR affinity. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):2141. PubMed PMID: 31105267; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6526162. Epub 2019/ 05/20. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinay DS, Kwon BS. 4-1BB signaling beyond T cells. Cell Mol Immunol. 2011;8(4):281–284. . Epub 2011/ 01/10.PubMed PMID: 21217771; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4002439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheuk AT, Mufti GJ, Guinn BA. Role of 4-1BB:4-1BB ligand in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Gene Ther. 2004;11(3):215–226. . PubMed PMID: 14671675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watts TH. TNF/TNFR FAMILY MEMBERS IN COSTIMULATION OF T CELL RESPONSES. Annu Rev Immunol. 2005;23(1):23–68. . PubMed PMID: 15771565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chester C, Sanmamed MF, Wang J, et al. Immunotherapy targeting 4-1BB: mechanistic rationale, clinical results, and future strategies. Blood. 2018;131(1):49–57. . Epub 2017/ 11/08 PubMed PMID: 29118009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vonderheide RH, Glennie MJ. Agonistic CD40 antibodies and cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19(5):1035–1043. . PubMed PMID: 23460534; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3590838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vonderheide RH. CD40 agonist antibodies in cancer immunotherapy. Annu Rev Med. 2020;71:47–58. . Epub 2019/ 08/14PubMed PMID: 31412220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuss I, Donnenberg AD, Gooding W, et al. Effector CD8+CD45RO-CD27-T cells have signalling defects in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Br J Cancer. 2003;88(2):223–230. . PubMed PMID: 12610507; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2377049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchan SL, Fallatah M, Thirdborough SM, et al. PD-1 blockade and cd27 stimulation activate distinct transcriptional programs that synergize for CD8. Clin Cancer Res. 2018;24(10):2383–2394. . Epub 2018/ 03/07.PubMed PMID: 29514845; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5959006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riether C, Schürch C, Ochsenbein AF. Modulating CD27 signaling to treat cancer. Oncoimmunology. 2012;1(9):1604–1606. . PubMed PMID: 23264908; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3525617
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burris HA, Infante JR, Ansell SM, et al. Safety and activity of varlilumab, a novel and first-in-class agonist anti-cd27 antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(18):2028–2036. . Epub 2017/ 05/02PubMed PMID: 28463630
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowell D, Morris LGT, Grigg CM, et al. Patient HLA class I genotype influences cancer response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Science. 2018;359(6375):582–587. . Epub 2017/ 12/07PubMed PMID: 29217585; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6057471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavrielatou N, Doumas S, Economopoulou P, et al. Biomarkers for immunotherapy response in head and neck cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 2020;84:101977. . Epub 2020/ 01/24.PubMed PMID: 32018128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh JC, Wang HM, Wu MH, et al. Review of emerging biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the era of immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Head Neck. 2019;41(Suppl 1):19–45. . PubMed PMID: 31573749
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hansen AR. Siu LL. PD-L1 testing in cancer: challenges in companion diagnostic development. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2(1):15–16. . PubMed PMID: 26562503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taube JM, Klein A, Brahmer JR, et al. Association of PD-1, PD-1 ligands, and other features of the tumor immune microenvironment with response to anti-PD-1 therapy.. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20(19):5064–5074. . Epub 2014/ 04/08PubMed PMID: 24714771; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4185001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mroz EA, Rocco JW. Intra-tumor heterogeneity in head and neck cancer and its clinical implications. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016;2(2):60–67. Epub 2016/ 07/22. PubMed PMID: 28642939; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5477669.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rasmussen JH, Lelkaitis G, Håkansson K, et al. Intratumor heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 2019;120(10):1003–1006. PubMed PMID: 30967647; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6734649. Epub 2019/ 04/10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddad RI, Seiwert TY, Chow LQM, et al. Genomic determinants of response to pembrolizumab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(15_suppl):6009.
   Google Scholar
• Haddad R, Blumenschein G, Fayette J, et al. 1043OTreatment beyond progression with nivolumab in patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) in the phase 3 checkmate 141 study: A biomarker analysis and updated clinical outcomes. Ann Oncol. 2017;28. 10.1093/annonc/mdx374.001.
   Google Scholar
• Yarchoan M, Hopkins A, Jaffee EM, et al. And response rate to PD-1 Inhibition. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(25):2500–2501. . PubMed PMID: 29262275; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6549688
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cristescu R, Mogg R, Ayers M et al. Pan-tumor genomic biomarkers for PD-1 checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy. Science. 2018;362:6411 10.1126/science.aar3593. PubMed PMID: 30309915; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6718162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marabelle A, Le DT, Ascierto PA, et al. Efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients with noncolorectal high microsatellite instability/mismatch repair–deficient cancer: results from the phase ii keynote-158 study. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(1):1–10. . PubMed PMID: 31682550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li W, Wildsmith S, Ye J, et al. Plasma-based tumor mutational burden (bTMB) as predictor for survival in phase III EAGLE study: durvalumab (D) ± tremelimumab (T) versus chemotherapy (CT) in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) after platinum failure. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(15_suppl):6511.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burtness B, Deneka A, Baca Y, et al. Correlation of tumor mutational burden (TMB) with CDKN2A and TP53 mutation in HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(15_suppl):6552. .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mei Z, Huang J, Qiao B, et al. Immune checkpoint pathways in immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):16. . Epub 2020/ 05/28PubMed PMID: 32461587; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7253444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cristina V, Herrera-Gómez RG, Szturz P, et al. Immunotherapiesand future combination strategies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(21):21. Epub 2019/ 10/30. PubMed PMID: 31671550; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6862353.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma P, Hu-Lieskovan S, Wargo JA, et al. Adaptive, and acquired resistance to cancer immunotherapy. Cell. 2017;168(4):707–723. . PubMed PMID: 28187290; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5391692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spector ME, Farlow JL, Haring CT, et al. The potential for liquid biopsies in head and neck cancer. Discov Med. 2018;25(139):251–257. PubMed PMID: 29906408; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6125134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt H, Kulasinghe A, Kenny L, et al. The development of a liquid biopsy for head and neck cancers. Oral Oncol. 2016;61:8–11. . Epub 2016/08/01PubMed PMID: 27688098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borcoman E, Nandikolla A, Long G, et al. Patterns of response and progression to immunotherapy. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2018;38 169–178. 10.1200/edbk_200643. PubMed PMID: 30231380.
   Google Scholar
• Haddad R, Concha-Benavente F, Blumenschein G, et al. Nivolumab treatment beyond RECIST-defined progression in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in CheckMate 141: A subgroup analysis of a randomized phase 3 clinical trial. Cancer. 2019;125(18):3208–3218. Epub 2019/ 06/27PubMed PMID: 31246283; PubMed Central PMCID:PMCPMC6771504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar