626
Views
40
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

The COX-2/prostanoid signaling cascades in seizure disorders

, , , &
Pages 1-13 | Received 12 Jul 2018, Accepted 26 Nov 2018, Published online: 02 Dec 2018

References

  • Klein P, Dingledine R, Aronica E, et al. Commonalities in epileptogenic processes from different acute brain insults: do they translate? Epilepsia. 2018;59(1):37–66. Epub 2017 Dec 17. PubMed PMID: 29247482; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5993212.
  • Aronica E, Bauer S, Bozzi Y, et al. Neuroinflammatory targets and treatments for epilepsy validated in experimental models. Epilepsia. 2017;58(Suppl 3):27–38. Epub 2017 Jul 05. PubMed PMID: 28675563; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5873599.
  • Jackson CG. Therapeutic potential of COX-2 inhibitors in arthritis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2001;10(7):1317–1325. Epub 2002 Jan 5. PubMed PMID: 11772254.
  • Al-Hourani BJ, Sharma SK, Suresh M, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: a literature and patent review (2009-2010). Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2011;21(9):1339–1432. PubMed PMID: ISI:000293919800004.
  • DeWitt DL. Cox-2-selective inhibitors: the new super aspirins. Mol Pharmacol. 1999;55(4): 625–631. Epub 1999 Apr 1. PubMed PMID: 10101019.
  • Davies NM. Toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the large intestine. Dis Colon Rectum. 1995;38(12): 1311–1321. Epub 1995 Dec 1. PubMed PMID: 7497845.
  • Murray MD, Brater DC. Renal toxicity of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1993;33:435–465. Epub 1993 Jan 1. PubMed PMID: 8494347.
  • Baumgart DC, Carding SR. Gastroenterology 1 - Inflammatory bowel disease: cause and immunobiology. Lancet. 2007;369(9573):1627–1640. PubMed PMID: ISI:000246488800032
  • Chen Y, Chen P, Hanaoka M, et al. Enhanced levels of prostaglandin E(2) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 correlate with the severity of airflow limitation in stable COPD. Respirology. 2008;13(7):1014–1021. PubMed PMID: ISI:000260308300008.
  • Lin CC, Lee IT, Yang YL, et al. Induction of COX-2/PGE(2)/IL-6 is crucial for cigarette smoke extract-induced airway inflammation: role of TLR4-dependent NADPH oxidase activation. Free Radical Bio Med. 2010;48(2):240–254. PubMed PMID: ISI:000273883800008.
  • McInnes IB, Schett G. MECHANISMS OF DISEASE The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. New Engl J Med. 2011;365(23): 2205–2219. PubMed PMID: ISI:000297731400006.
  • Ke HL, Tu HP, Lin HH, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) up-regulation is a prognostic marker for poor clinical outcome of upper tract urothelial cancer. Anticancer Res. 2012;32(9):4111–4116. Epub 2012 Sep 21. PubMed PMID: 22993369.
  • Khor LY, Bae K, Pollack A, et al. COX-2 expression predicts prostate-cancer outcome: analysis of data from the RTOG 92-02 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2007;8(10):912–920. Epub 2007 Sep 21. PubMed PMID: 17881290; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2080621.
  • Liao Y, Liu P, Guo F, et al. Oxidative burst of circulating neutrophils following traumatic brain injury in human. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e68963. Epub 2013 Jul 31. PubMed PMID: 23894384; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3722225.
  • Kaufmann WE, Worley PF, Pegg J, et al. COX-2, a synaptically induced enzyme, is expressed by excitatory neurons at postsynaptic sites in rat cerebral cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93(6):2317–2321. PubMed PMID: ISI:A1996UB12100015.
  • Liu D, Wu LJ, Breyer R, et al. Neuroprotection by the PGE(2) EP2 receptor in permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Ann Neurol. 2005;57(5):758–761. PubMed PMID: ISI:000228937300021.
  • McCullough L, Wu LJ, Haughey N, et al. Neuroprotective function of the PGE(2) EP2 receptor in cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci. 2004;24(1):257–268. PubMed PMID: ISI:000187888700027.
  • Khan KN, Paulson SK, Verburg KM, et al. Pharmacology of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition in the kidney. Kidney Int. 2002;61(4):1210–1219. Epub 2002 Mar 29. PubMed PMID: 11918727.
  • Qi Z, Hao CM, Langenbach RI, et al. Opposite effects of cyclooxygenase-1 and −2 activity on the pressor response to angiotensin II. J Clin Invest. 2002;110(1):61–69. Epub 2002 Jul 3. PubMed PMID: 12093889; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC151026.
  • Grosser T, Yu Y, Fitzgerald GA. Emotion recollected in tranquility: lessons learned from the COX-2 saga. Annu Rev Med. 2010;61:17–33. Epub 2010 Jan 12. PubMed PMID: 20059330.
  • Ricciotti E, FitzGerald GA. Prostaglandins and inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011;31(5):986–1000. Epub 2011 Apr 22. PubMed PMID: 21508345; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3081099.
  • Ganesh T. Prostanoid receptor EP2 as a therapeutic target. J Med Chem. 2014;57(11):4454–4465. Epub 2013 Nov 28. PubMed PMID: 24279689; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4045661.
  • Jiang J, Dingledine R. Prostaglandin receptor EP2 in the crosshairs of anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and neuroprotection. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2013;34(7):413–423. Epub 2013 Jun 26. PubMed PMID: 23796953; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4031445.
  • Alhouayek M, Muccioli GG. COX-2-derived endocannabinoid metabolites as novel inflammatory mediators. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2014;35(6):284–292. Epub 2014 Apr 2. PubMed PMID: 24684963.
  • Morgan AJ, Kingsley PJ, Mitchener MM, et al. Detection of cyclooxygenase-2-derived oxygenation products of the endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol in mouse brain. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2018;9:1552–1559. Epub 2018 May 4. PubMed PMID: 29722963.
  • Ross RA, Craib SJ, Stevenson LA, et al. Pharmacological characterization of the anandamide cyclooxygenase metabolite: prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002;301(3):900–907. Epub 2002 May 23. PubMed PMID: 12023517.
  • Woodward DF, Wang JW, Poloso NJ. Recent progress in prostaglandin F2alpha ethanolamide (prostamide F2alpha) research and therapeutics. Pharmacol Rev. 2013;65(4):1135–1147. Epub 2013 Jul 31. PubMed PMID: 23893067.
  • Arehart E, Stitham J, Asselbergs FW, et al. Acceleration of cardiovascular disease by a dysfunctional prostacyclin receptor mutation: potential implications for cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition. Circ Res. 2008;102(8):986–993. Epub 2008 Mar 8. PubMed PMID: 18323528; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2793685.
  • Egan KM, Lawson JA, Fries S, et al. COX-2-derived prostacyclin confers atheroprotection on female mice. Science. 2004;306(5703):1954–1957. PubMed PMID: 15550624.
  • Ahmetaj-Shala B, Kirkby NS, Knowles R, et al. Evidence that links loss of cyclooxygenase-2 with increased asymmetric dimethylarginine: novel explanation of cardiovascular side effects associated with anti-inflammatory drugs. Circulation. 2015;131(7):633–642. Epub 2014 Dec 11. PubMed PMID: 25492024; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4768634.
  • Serrano GE, Lelutiu N, Rojas A, et al. Ablation of cyclooxygenase-2 in forebrain neurons is neuroprotective and dampens brain inflammation after status epilepticus. J Neurosci. 2011;31(42):14850–14860. Epub 2011 Oct 22. PubMed PMID: 22016518; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4126152.
  • Rojas A, Jiang J, Ganesh T, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 in epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2014;55(1):17–25. Epub 2014 Jan 23. PubMed PMID: 24446952; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3956447.
  • Gobbo OL, O’Mara SM. Post-treatment, but not pre-treatment, with the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib markedly enhances functional recovery from kainic acid-induced neurodegeneration. Neuroscience. 2004;125(2):317–327. Epub 2004 Apr 6. PubMed PMID: 15062975.
  • Jung KH, Chu K, Lee ST, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, inhibits the altered hippocampal neurogenesis with attenuation of spontaneous recurrent seizures following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Neurobiol Dis. 2006;23(2):237–246. Epub 2006 Jun 30. PubMed PMID: 16806953.
  • Oliveira MS, Furian AF, Royes LF, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2/PGE2 pathway facilitates pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. Epilepsy Res. 2008;79(1):14–21. Epub 2008 Feb 8. PubMed PMID: 18255268.
  • Kunz T, Oliw EH. The selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor rofecoxib reduces kainate-induced cell death in the rat hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci. 2001;13(3): 569–575. Epub 2001 Feb 13. PubMed PMID: 11168565.
  • Akula KK, Dhir A, Kulkarni SK. Rofecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor increases pentylenetetrazol seizure threshold in mice: possible involvement of adenosinergic mechanism. Epilepsy Res. 2008;78(1):60–70. Epub 2007 Dec 7. PubMed PMID: 18054463.
  • Polascheck N, Bankstahl M, Loscher W. The COX-2 inhibitor parecoxib is neuroprotective but not antiepileptogenic in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Exp Neurol. 2010;224(1):219–233. Epub 2010 Apr 1. PubMed PMID: 20353773.
  • Kawaguchi K, Hickey RW, Rose ME, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is induced in rat brain after kainate-induced seizures and promotes neuronal death in CA3 hippocampus. Brain Res. 2005;1050(1–2):130–137. Epub 2005 Jun 28. PubMed PMID: 15979590.
  • Takemiya T, Maehara M, Matsumura K, et al. Prostaglandin E2 produced by late induced COX-2 stimulates hippocampal neuron loss after seizure in the CA3 region. Neurosci Res. 2006;56(1):103–110. Epub 2006 Jul 14. PubMed PMID: 16837093.
  • Takemiya T, Suzuki K, Sugiura H, et al. Inducible brain COX-2 facilitates the recurrence of hippocampal seizures in mouse rapid kindling. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2003;71(3–4):205–216. Epub 2003 Oct 2. PubMed PMID: 14518562.
  • Holtman L, van Vliet EA, van Schaik R, et al. Effects of SC58236, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, on epileptogenesis and spontaneous seizures in a rat model for temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2009;84(1):56–66. Epub 2009 Feb 3. PubMed PMID: 19186029.
  • Holtman L, van Vliet EA, Edelbroek PM, et al. Cox-2 inhibition can lead to adverse effects in a rat model for temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2010;91(1):49–56. Epub 2010 Jul 21. PubMed PMID: 20643531.
  • Citraro R, Leo A, Marra R, et al. Antiepileptogenic effects of the selective COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib, on the development of spontaneous absence seizures in WAG/Rij rats. Brain Res Bull. 2015;113:1–7. Epub 2015 Feb 24. PubMed PMID: 25701797.
  • Katyal J, Kumar H, Gupta YK. Anticonvulsant activity of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor etoricoxib in pentylenetetrazole-kindled rats is associated with memory impairment. Epilepsy Behav Epub 2015 Feb 11. PubMed PMID: 25660085. 2015;44:98–103.
  • Taskiran M, Tasdemir A, Ayyildiz N. Acute effects of aceclofenac, COX-2 inhibitor, on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. Brain Res Bull 2017;130:42–46. Epub 2016 Dec 27. PubMed PMID: 28017780.
  • Mishra CB, Kumari S, Prakash A, et al. Discovery of novel methylsulfonyl phenyl derivatives as potent human cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors with effective anticonvulsant action: design, synthesis, in-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. Eur J Med Chem. 2018;151:520–532. Epub 2018 Apr 15. PubMed PMID: 29655084.
  • Chang KH, Hsu YC, Chang MY, et al. A large-scale study indicates increase in the risk of epilepsy in patients with different risk factors, including rheumatoid arthritis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(36):e1485. Epub 2015 Sep 12. PubMed PMID: 26356713; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4616629.
  • Udani V, Pujar S, Munot P, et al. Natural history and magnetic resonance imaging follow-up in 9 sturge-weber syndrome patients and clinical correlation. J Child Neurol. 2007;22(4):479–483. Epub 2007 Jul 11. PubMed PMID: 17621534.
  • Lance EI, Sreenivasan AK, Zabel TA, et al. Aspirin use in sturge-weber syndrome: side effects and clinical outcomes. J Child Neurol. 2013;28(2):213–218. Epub 2012 Nov 1. PubMed PMID: 23112247; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4373084.
  • van Stuijvenberg M, Derksen-Lubsen G, Steyerberg EW, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of ibuprofen syrup administered during febrile illnesses to prevent febrile seizure recurrences. Pediatrics. 1998;102(5):E51. Epub 1998 Oct 31. PubMed PMID: 9794981.
  • Trebino CE, Stock JL, Gibbons CP, et al. Impaired inflammatory and pain responses in mice lacking an inducible prostaglandin E synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(15):9044–9049. Epub 2003 Jul 2. PubMed PMID: 12835414; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC166435.
  • Sugimoto Y, Narumiya S. Prostaglandin E receptors. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(16):11613–11617. Epub 2007 Mar 3. PubMed PMID: 17329241.
  • Reschke CR, Poersch AB, Masson CJ, et al. Systemic delivery of selective EP1 and EP3 receptor antagonists attenuates pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2018;10(1):47–59. Epub 2018 Mar 30.PubMed PMID: 29593850; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5871629.
  • Rojas A, Gueorguieva P, Lelutiu N, et al. The prostaglandin EP1 receptor potentiates kainate receptor activation via a protein kinase C pathway and exacerbates status epilepticus. Neurobiol Dis. 2014;70:74–89. Epub 2014 Jun 22. PubMed PMID: 24952362; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4130787.
  • van Vliet EA, Zibell G, Pekcec A, et al. COX-2 inhibition controls P-glycoprotein expression and promotes brain delivery of phenytoin in chronic epileptic rats. Neuropharmacology. 2010;58(2):404–412. Epub 2009 Sep 30. PubMed PMID: 19786037.
  • Pekcec A, Unkruer B, Schlichtiger J, et al. Targeting prostaglandin E2 EP1 receptors prevents seizure-associated P-glycoprotein up-regulation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009;330(3):939–947. Epub 2009 Jun 6. PubMed PMID: 19494186.
  • Potschka H. Modulating P-glycoprotein regulation: future perspectives for pharmacoresistant epilepsies? Epilepsia. 2010;51(8):1333–1347. Epub 2010 May 19. PubMed PMID: 20477844.
  • Oliveira MS, Furian AF, Rambo LM, et al. Modulation of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures by prostaglandin E2 receptors. Neuroscience. 2008;152(4):1110–1118. Epub 2008 Mar 11. PubMed PMID: 18329178.
  • Tajima T, Murata T, Aritake K, et al. EP2 and EP4 receptors on muscularis resident macrophages mediate LPS-induced intestinal dysmotility via iNOS upregulation through cAMP/ERK signals. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2012;302(5):G524–G534. Epub 2011 Dec 14. PubMed PMID: 22159280; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3311437.
  • Greaves E, Horne AW, Jerina H, et al. EP2 receptor antagonism reduces peripheral and central hyperalgesia in a preclinical mouse model of endometriosis. Sci Rep. 2017;7:44169. Epub 2017 Mar 11. PubMed PMID: 28281561; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5345039.
  • Aoki T, Narumiya S. Prostaglandin E2-EP2 signaling as a node of chronic inflammation in the colon tumor microenvironment. Inflamm Regen. 2017;37:4. Epub 2017 Dec 21. PubMed PMID: 29259703; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5725845.
  • Ganesh T, Jiang J, Yang MS, et al. Lead optimization studies of cinnamic amide EP2 antagonists. J Med Chem. 2014;57(10):4173–4184. Epub 2014 Apr 30. PubMed PMID: 24773616; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4032197.
  • Jiang J, Ganesh T, Du Y, et al. Small molecule antagonist reveals seizure-induced mediation of neuronal injury by prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype EP2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(8):3149–3154. Epub 2012 Feb 11. PubMed PMID: 22323596; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3286971.
  • Jiang J, Quan Y, Ganesh T, et al. Inhibition of the prostaglandin receptor EP2 following status epilepticus reduces delayed mortality and brain inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(9):3591–3596. Epub 2013 Feb 13. PubMed PMID: 23401547; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3587237.
  • Jiang J, Yang MS, Quan Y, et al. Therapeutic window for cyclooxygenase-2 related anti-inflammatory therapy after status epilepticus. Neurobiol Dis. 2015;76:126–136. Epub 2015 Jan 21. PubMed PMID: 25600211; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4408774.
  • Rojas A, Ganesh T, Lelutiu N, et al. Inhibition of the prostaglandin EP2 receptor is neuroprotective and accelerates functional recovery in a rat model of organophosphorus induced status epilepticus. Neuropharmacology. 2015;93:15–27. Epub 2015 Feb 7. PubMed PMID: 25656476; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4387070.
  • Rojas A, Ganesh T, Manji Z, et al. Inhibition of the prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 prevents status epilepticus-induced deficits in the novel object recognition task in rats. Neuropharmacology. 2016;110(Pt A):419–430. Epub 2016 Aug 2. PubMed PMID: 27477533; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5028311.
  • Levin JR, Serrano G, Dingledine R. Reduction in delayed mortality and subtle improvement in retrograde memory performance in pilocarpine-treated mice with conditional neuronal deletion of cyclooxygenase-2 gene. Epilepsia. 2012;53(8):1411–1420. Epub 2012 Jul 12. PubMed PMID: 22780884; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3418381.
  • Hamid S, Whittle BJ. Interaction of prostaglandin D2 with prostacyclin, carbacyclin and the hydantoin prostaglandin, BW245C, in guinea-pig platelets. Br J Pharmacol. 1985;85(1): 285–290. Epub 1985 May 1. PubMed PMID: 2992652; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC1916783.
  • Narumiya S, Toda N. Different responsiveness of prostaglandin D2-sensitive systems to prostaglandin D2 and its analogues. Br J Pharmacol. 1985;85(2): 367–375. Epub 1985 Jun 1. PubMed PMID: 2992661; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC1916609.
  • Giles H, Leff P. The biology and pharmacology of PGD2. Prostaglandins. 1988;35(2): 277–300. Epub 1988 Feb 1. PubMed PMID: 3283848.
  • Mizoguchi A, Eguchi N, Kimura K, et al. Dominant localization of prostaglandin D receptors on arachnoid trabecular cells in mouse basal forebrain and their involvement in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98(20):11674–11679. Epub 2001 Sep 20. PubMed PMID: 11562489; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC58788.
  • Forstermann U, Heldt R, Knappen F, et al. Potential anticonvulsive properties of endogenous prostaglandins formed in mouse brain. Brain Res. 1982;240(2):303–310. Epub 1982 May 27. PubMed PMID: 6809223.
  • Post JM, Loch S, Lerner R, et al. Antiepileptogenic effect of subchronic palmitoylethanolamide treatment in a mouse model of acute epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci. 2018;11:67. Epub 2018 Mar 30. PubMed PMID: 29593494; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5861196.
  • Mohri I, Eguchi N, Suzuki K, et al. Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase is expressed in microglia in the developing postnatal mouse brain. Glia. 2003;42(3):263–274. Epub 2003 Apr 4. PubMed PMID: 12673832.
  • Urade Y, Kitahama K, Ohishi H, et al. Dominant expression of mRNA for prostaglandin D synthase in leptomeninges, choroid plexus, and oligodendrocytes of the adult rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90(19):9070–9074. Epub 1993 Oct 1. PubMed PMID: 8415655; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC47503.
  • Blodorn B, Mader M, Urade Y, et al. Choroid plexus: the major site of mRNA expression for the beta-trace protein (prostaglandin D synthase) in human brain. Neurosci Lett. 1996;209(2):117–120. Epub 1996 May 10. PubMed PMID: 8761996.
  • Taniike M, Mohri I, Eguchi N, et al. Perineuronal oligodendrocytes protect against neuronal apoptosis through the production of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in a genetic demyelinating model. J Neurosci. 2002;22(12):4885–4896. Epub 2002 Jun 22. PubMed PMID: 12077186.
  • Mohri I, Taniike M, Okazaki I, et al. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase is up-regulated in oligodendrocytes in lysosomal storage diseases and binds gangliosides. J Neurochem. 2006;97(3):641–651. Epub 2006 Mar 7. PubMed PMID: 16515539.
  • Eguchi N, Minami T, Shirafuji N, et al. Lack of tactile pain (allodynia) in lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96(2):726–730. Epub 1999 Jan 20. PubMed PMID: 9892701; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC15204.
  • Ohinata K, Takagi K, Biyajima K, et al. Central prostaglandin D(2) stimulates food intake via the neuropeptide Y system in mice. FEBS Lett. 2008;582(5):679–684. Epub 2008 Feb 9. PubMed PMID: 18258196.
  • Nagata K, Hirai H, Tanaka K, et al. CRTH2, an orphan receptor of T-helper-2-cells, is expressed on basophils and eosinophils and responds to mast cell-derived factor(s). FEBS Lett. 1999;459(2):195–199. Epub 1999 Oct 13. PubMed PMID: 10518017.
  • Haba R, Shintani N, Onaka Y, et al. Central CRTH2, a second prostaglandin D2 receptor, mediates emotional impairment in the lipopolysaccharide and tumor-induced sickness behavior model. J Neurosci. 2014;34(7):2514–2523. Epub 2014 Feb 14. PubMed PMID: 24523542.
  • Forstermann U, Heldt R, Hertting G. Increase in brain prostaglandins during convulsions is due to increased neuronal activity and not to hypoxia. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1983;263(2): 180–188. Epub 1983 Jun 1. PubMed PMID: 6882098.
  • Kaushik MK, Aritake K, Kamauchi S, et al. Prostaglandin D(2) is crucial for seizure suppression and postictal sleep. Exp Neurol. 2014;253:82–90. Epub 2013 Dec 18. PubMed PMID: 24333565.
  • Watanabe K. Prostaglandin F synthase. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2002;68–69: 401–407. Epub 2002 Nov 16. PubMed PMID: 12432932.
  • Takei S, Hasegawa-Ishii S, Uekawa A, et al. Immunohistochemical demonstration of increased prostaglandin F(2)alpha levels in the rat hippocampus following kainic acid-induced seizures. Neuroscience. 2012;218:295–304. Epub 2012 May 23. PubMed PMID: 22609937.
  • Zhang Y, Chen K, Sloan SA, et al. An RNA-sequencing transcriptome and splicing database of glia, neurons, and vascular cells of the cerebral cortex. J Neurosci. 2014;34(36):11929–11947. Epub 2014 Sep 5. PubMed PMID: 25186741; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4152602.
  • Sugimoto Y, Yamasaki A, Segi E, et al. Failure of parturition in mice lacking the prostaglandin F receptor. Science. 1997;277(5326):681–683. Epub 1997 Aug 1. PubMed PMID: 9235889.
  • Hirata T, Narumiya S. Prostanoids as regulators of innate and adaptive immunity. Adv Immunol Epub 2012 Oct 16. PubMed PMID: 23063076. 2012;116:143–174.
  • Pierce KL, Fujino H, Srinivasan D, et al. Activation of FP prostanoid receptor isoforms leads to Rho-mediated changes in cell morphology and in the cell cytoskeleton. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(50):35944–35949. Epub 1999 Dec 10. PubMed PMID: 10585482.
  • Saleem S, Ahmad AS, Maruyama T, et al. PGF(2alpha) FP receptor contributes to brain damage following transient focal brain ischemia. Neurotox Res. 2009;15(1):62–70. Epub 2009 Apr 23. PubMed PMID: 19384589.
  • Kim YT, Moon SK, Maruyama T, et al. Prostaglandin FP receptor inhibitor reduces ischemic brain damage and neurotoxicity. Neurobiol Dis. 2012;48(1):58–65. Epub 2012 Jun 20. PubMed PMID: 22709986; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3415285.
  • Glushakov AV, Robbins SW, Bracy CL, et al. Prostaglandin F2alpha FP receptor antagonist improves outcomes after experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation. 2013;10:132. Epub 2013 Nov 1. PubMed PMID: 24172576; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3907016.
  • Tamai I, Takei T, Maekawa K, et al. Prostaglandin F2 alpha concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with febrile convulsions, epilepsy and meningitis. Brain Dev. 1983;5(4):357–362. PubMed PMID: 6579859.
  • Seregi A, Forstermann U, Heldt R, et al. The formation and regional distribution of prostaglandins D2 and F2 alpha in the brain of spontaneously convulsing gerbils. Brain Res. 1985;337(1):171–174. Epub 1985 Jun 24. PubMed PMID: 3859353.
  • Baran H, Heldt R, Hertting G. Increased prostaglandin formation in rat brain following systemic application of kainic acid. Brain Res. 1987;404(1–2): 107–112. Epub 1987 Feb 24. PubMed PMID: 3567557.
  • Li W, Wu S, Hickey RW, et al. Neuronal cyclooxygenase-2 activity and prostaglandins PGE2, PGD2, and PGF2 alpha exacerbate hypoxic neuronal injury in neuron-enriched primary culture. Neurochem Res. 2008;33(3):490–499. Epub 2007 Sep 4. PubMed PMID: 17763946.
  • Kim HJ, Chung JI, Lee SH, et al. Involvement of endogenous prostaglandin F2alpha on kainic acid-induced seizure activity through FP receptor: the mechanism of proconvulsant effects of COX-2 inhibitors. Brain Res. 2008;1193:153–161. Epub 2008 Jan 8. PubMed PMID: 18178179.
  • Croucher MJ, Marriott DR, Bradford HF, et al. Lack of effect of focally administered prostaglandins on electrically kindled seizure activity. Prostaglandins. 1991;42(1):29–38. Epub 1991 Jul 1. PubMed PMID: 1771237.
  • Hesdorffer DC, Logroscino G, Benn EK, et al. Estimating risk for developing epilepsy: a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota. Neurology. 2011;76(1):23–27. Epub 2011 Jan 6. PubMed PMID: 21205691; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3032191.
  • Varvel NH, Jiang J, Dingledine R. Candidate drug targets for prevention or modification of epilepsy. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2015;55:229–247. Epub 2014 Sep 10. PubMed PMID: 25196047; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4427904
  • Nomura DK, Morrison BE, Blankman JL, et al. Endocannabinoid hydrolysis generates brain prostaglandins that promote neuroinflammation. Science. 2011;334(6057):809–813. Epub 2011 Oct 25. PubMed PMID: 22021672; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3249428.
  • Terrone G, Pauletti A, Salamone A, et al. Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase terminates diazepam-resistant status epilepticus in mice and its effects are potentiated by a ketogenic diet. Epilepsia. 2018;59(1):79–91. Epub 2017 Nov 25. PubMed PMID: 29171003.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.