The phased model of adventure therapy: trauma-focussed, low arousal, & positive behavioural support

References

• Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond (2nd Edition). New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Becker-Weidman, A., & Hughes, D. (2008). Dyadic developmental psychotherapy: An evidence-based treatment for children with complex trauma and disorders of attachment. Child & Family Social Work, 13(3), 329–337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen, D., & Neill, J. (2013). A meta-analysis of adventure therapy outcomes and moderators. The Open Psychology Journal, 6(1), 28–53.
   Google Scholar
• British Psychological Society. (2018). Positive behaviour support (PBS). Leicester, UK: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Brockman, R., Ciarrochi, J., Parker, P., & Kashdan, T. (2017). Emotion regulation strategies in daily life: Mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal and emotion suppression. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 46(2), 91–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casswell, G., Golding, K. S., Grant, E., Hudson, J., & Tower, P. (2014). Dyadic developmental practice (DDP): A framework for therapeutic intervention and parenting. The Child and Family Clinical Psychology Review, 2, 19–27.
   Google Scholar
• Catellano, T. C., & Soderstrom, I. R. (1992). Therapeutic wilderness programs and juvenile recidivism. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 17(3–4), 19–46.
   Google Scholar
• Chaffin, M., Hanson, R., Saunders, B. E., Nichols, T., Barnett, D., Zeanah, C., … Miller-Perrin, C. (2006). Report of the APSAC task force on attachment therapy, reactive attachment disorder, and attachment problems. Child Maltreatment, 11(1), 76–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross, R. (2002). The effects of an adventure education program on perceptions of alienation and personal control among at-risk adolescents. Journal of Experiential Education, 25(1), 247–254.
   Google Scholar
• Davis-Berman, J., & Berman, D. S. (1994). Wilderness therapy: Foundations, theory and research. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
   Google Scholar
• Everett, A. (2013). What is Experiential Theory and How Does It Help Change to Occur? Retrieved from https://www.counselling-directory.org.uk/counsellor-articles/what-is-experiential-therapy-and-how-does-it-help-change-to-occur
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, R. L., & Attah, E. B. (2001). City kids in the wilderness: A pilot-test of Outward Bound for foster care group home youth. The Journal of Experiential Education, 24(2), 109–117.
   Google Scholar
• Follette, V., Palm, K. M., & Pearson, A. N. (2006). Mindfulness and trauma: Implications for treatment. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 24(1), 45–61.
   Google Scholar
• Garst, B., Scheider, I., & Baker, D. (2001). Outdoor adventure programme participation impacts on adolescent self-perception. Journal of Experiential Education, 24(1), 41–49.
   Google Scholar
• Gass, M., Gillis, H. L., & Russell, K. C. (2012). Adventure therapy: Theory, practice and research. New York, NY: Routledge Mental Health Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Gendlin, E. (1964). A theory of personality change. In P. Worchel & D. Byrne (Eds.), pp. 100-148.Personality change. New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Gillis, H. L., Speelman, E., Linville, N., Bailey, E., Kalle, A., Oglesbee, N., … Jensen, J. (2016). Meta-analysis of treatment outcomes measured by the Y-OQ and Y-OQ-R comparing wilderness and non-wilderness treatment programs. Child & Youth Care Forum, 45(6), 851–863.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grey, I., Mesbur, M., Lydon, H., Healy, O., & Thomas, J. (2017). An evaluation of positive behavioural support for children with challenging behaviour in community settings. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 22(4), 394–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, P, & Oakland, T. (2015). Abas-3: adaptive behavior assessment system. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
   Google Scholar
• Hazelworth, M. S., & Wilson, Β. E. (1990). The effects of an outdoor adventure camp experience on self-concept. Journal of Environmental Education, 21(4), 33–37.
   Google Scholar
• Herman, J. (1992). Complex PTSD: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5(3), 377–391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, T. (1993). The Only Mountain Worth Climbing: The Search for Roots. Unpublished manuscript. Garrison, NY: Outward Bound.
   Google Scholar
• Kern, M. L., Waters, L. E., Adler, A., & White, M. A. (2014). A multidimensional approach to measuring well-being in students: Application of the PERMA framework. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(3), 262–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko, S. J., Ford, J. D., Kassam-Adams, N., Berkowitz, S. J., Wilson, C., Wong, M., … Layne, C. M. (2008). Creating trauma-informed systems: Child welfare, education, first responders, health care, juvenile justice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39(4), 396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraft, R., & Sakofs, M. (1985). The theory of experiential education. Boulder, CO: Association of Experiential Education.
   Google Scholar
• Maercker, A., Brewin, C. R., Bryant, R. A., Cloitre, M., Ommeren, M., Jones, L. M., … Somasundaram, D. J. (2013). Diagnosis and classification of disorders specifically associated with stress: Proposals for ICD‐11. World Psychiatry: Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 12(3), 198–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonnell, A. A. (2011). Managing aggressive behaviour in care settings: Understanding and applying low arousal approaches. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• McFetridge, M., Hauenstein Swan, A., Heke, S., Karatzias, T., Greenberg, N., Kitchiner, N., & Morley, R., & Board Members of the UK Psychological Trauma Society. (2017). Guideline for the Treatment and Planning Services for Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adults. Retrieved from http://www.ukpts.co.uk/guidance_11_2920929231.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Newes, S., & Bandoroff, S. (2004). What is adventure therapy? In coming of age: The evolving field of adventure therapy. Boulder, CO: Association of Experiential Education.
   Google Scholar
• NICE. (2015). Children’s Attachment: Attachment in children and young people who are adopted from care, in care, or at risk of going into care. NICE Guideline 26. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
   Google Scholar
• Pascha, M. (2017). The PERMA wellbeing framework. Retrieved from https://positivepsychologyprogram.com/perma-model/#references
   Google Scholar
• PBS Coalition. (2015). Positive behavioural support. A competency framework. Retrieved from www.pbsacademy.co.uk
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2015). Behaviour Assessment System for Children (3rd ed.). Bloomington: NCS Pearson, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, K. C., & Gillis, H. L. L. (2017). The adventure therapy experience scale: The psychometric properties of a scale to measure the unique factors moderating an adventure therapy experience. Journal of Experiential Education, 40(2), 135–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, K. C., Gillis, H. L. L., & Kivlighan, D. M., Jr. (2017). Process factors explaining psycho-social outcomes in adventure therapy. Psychotherapy, 54(3), 273–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, A. (2009). Cognitive behavioural therapy and young people: An introduction. Journal of Family Health, 19(3), 80–82.
   Google Scholar
• Shepherd, L., & Wild, J. (2014). Emotion regulation, physiological arousal and PTSD symptoms in trauma-exposed individuals. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45(3), 360–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skuse, T., & Matthew, J. (2015). The trauma recovery model: Sequencing youth justice interventions for young people with complex needs. Prison Service Journal, 220, 16–24.
   Google Scholar
• Unrau, Y. A., Seita, J. R., & Putney, K. S. (2008). Former foster youth remember multiple placement moves: A journey of loss and hope. Children and Youth Services Review, 30(11), 1256–1266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, J. C., Greenberg, L. S., & Lietaer, G. (1998). The experiential paradigm unfolding: Relationship and experiencing in therapy. In L. S. Greenberg, J. C. Watson, & G. Lietaer (Eds.), pp. 3-27. Handbook of experiential psychotherapy. New York: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Welsh Government. (2017). Evaluation of the enhanced case management approach, final report. Retrieved from http://gov.wales/
   Google Scholar
• Witman, J. P. (1987). The efficacy of adventure programming in the development of cooperation and trust with adolescents in treatment. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 21(3), 22–29.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation. (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 11th revision (ICD-11). Geneva: WHO.
   Google Scholar