Advances in the use of surgery and multimodality treatment for N2 non-small cell lung cancer

References

• Eberhardt WE, De Ruysscher D, Weder W, et al. 2nd ESMO consensus conference in lung cancer: locally advanced stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2015;26:1573–1588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstraw P, Chansky K, Crowley J, et al. The IASLC lung cancer staging project: proposals for revision of the TNM stage groupings in the forthcoming (Eighth) edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11:39–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Schil PE. Stage IIIA-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer: from ‘surprise’ involvement to surgical nightmare. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2016;49:1613–1614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCloskey P, Balduyck B, Van Schil PE, et al. Radical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer during the last 5 years. Eur J Cancer. 2013;49:1555–1564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rami-Porta R, Ball D, Crowley J, et al. The IASLC lung cancer staging project: proposals for the revision of the T descriptors in the forthcoming (seventh) edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2007;2:593–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rami-Porta R, Bolejack V, Crowley J, et al. The IASLC lung cancer staging project: proposals for the revisions of the T descriptors in the forthcoming eighth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2015;10:990–1003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Detterbeck F. What to do with “Surprise” N2?: intraoperative management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2008;3:289–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Schil PE, De Waele M, Jm H, et al. Surgical treatment of stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2009;45(Suppl 1):106–112.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Le Pechoux C, Dunant A, Faivre-Finn C, et al. Postoperative radiotherapy for pathologic N2 non-small-cell lung cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy: need for randomized evidence. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2930–2931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Leyn P, Dooms C, Kuzdzal J, et al. Revised ESTS guidelines for preoperative mediastinal lymph node staging for non-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2014;45:787–798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Call S, Obiols C, Rami-Porta R, et al. Video-assisted mediastinoscopic lymphadenectomy for staging non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;101:1326–1333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Schil P. Role of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in staging, diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Acta Chir Belg. 1999;99:103–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Schil PEHJ, Hertoghs M, Lauwers P, et al. Advances in surgery of lung cancer. In: Stahel R, editor. Lung cancer therapy Annual 7. London: Informa Healthcare; 2012. p. 104–118.
   Google Scholar
• Pottgen C, Stuschke M, Graupner B, et al. Prognostic model for long-term survival of locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and resection integrating clinical and histopathologic factors. BMC Cancer. 2015;15:363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pless M, Stupp R, Ris HB, et al. Induction chemoradiation in stage IIIA/N2 non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase 3 randomised trial. Lancet. 2015;386(9998):1049–1056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albain KS, Swann RS, Rusch VW, et al. Radiotherapy plus chemotherapy with or without surgical resection for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase III randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374(9687):379–386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberhardt WE, Pottgen C, Gauler TC, et al. Phase III study of surgery versus definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy boost in patients with resectable stage IIIA(N2) and selected IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer after induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (ESPATUE). J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:4194–4201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberhardt WE, Stuschke M. Multimodal treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Lancet. 2015;386(9998):1018–1020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang CF, Adil SM, Anderson KL, et al. Impact of patient selection and treatment strategies on outcomes after lobectomy for biopsy-proven stage IIIA pN2 non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2016;49:1607–1613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Cabanyes Candela S, Detterbeck FC. A systematic review of restaging after induction therapy for stage IIIa lung cancer: prediction of pathologic stage. J Thorac Oncol. 2010;5:389–398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerfolio RJ, Bryant AS, Ojha B. Restaging patients with N2 (stage IIIa) non-small cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a prospective study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;131:1229–1235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Waele M, Hendriks J, Lauwers P, et al. Restaging the mediastinum in non-small cell lung cancer after induction therapy: non-invasive versus invasive procedures. Acta Chir Belg. 2011;111:161–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annema JT, Veselic M, Versteegh MI, et al. Mediastinal restaging: EUS-FNA offers a new perspective. Lung Cancer. 2003;42:311–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Waele M, Serra-Mitjans M, Hendriks J, et al. Accuracy and survival of repeat mediastinoscopy after induction therapy for non-small cell lung cancer in a combined series of 104 patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2008;33:824–828.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaklitsch MT, Gu L, Demmy T, et al. Prospective phase II trial of preresection thoracoscopic mediastinal restaging after neoadjuvant therapy for IIIA (N2) non-small cell lung cancer: results of CALGB Protocol 39803. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;146:9–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lardinois D, Schallberger A, Betticher D, et al. Postinduction video-mediastinoscopy is as accurate and safe as video-mediastinoscopy in patients without pretreatment for potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:1102–1106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bezjak A, de Perrot M. Trimodality approach to stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC: as good as it gets? J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11:1817–1818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsao AS, Scagliotti GV, Bunn PA Jr., et al. Scientific advances in lung cancer 2015. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11:613–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rami-Porta R, Wittekind C, Goldstraw P. International association for the study of lung cancer staging c. complete resection in lung cancer surgery: proposed definition. Lung Cancer. 2005;49:25–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Meerbeeck JP, Kramer GW, Van Schil PE, et al. Randomized controlled trial of resection versus radiotherapy after induction chemotherapy in stage IIIA-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99:442–450.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Schil P, Van Meerbeeck J, Kramer G, et al. Morbidity and mortality in the surgery arm of EORTC 08941 trial. Eur Respir J. 2005;26:192–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Schil PE. Mortality associated with pneumonectomy after induction chemoradiation versus chemotherapy alone in stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008;135:718. author reply −719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McElnay PJ, Choong A, Jordan E, et al. Outcome of surgery versus radiotherapy after induction treatment in patients with N2 disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Thorax. 2015;70:764–768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billiet C, Peeters S, Decaluwe H, et al. Outcome after PORT in ypN2 or R1/R2 versus no PORT in ypN0 stage III-N2 NSCLC after induction chemotherapy and resection. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11:1940–1953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimada Y, Suzuki K, Okada M, et al. Feasibility and efficacy of salvage lung resection after definitive chemoradiation therapy for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2016;23:895–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uramoto H. Current topics on salvage thoracic surgery in patients with primary lung cancer. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;22:65–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meacci E, Cesario A, Cusumano G, et al. Surgery for patients with persistent pathological N2 IIIA stage in non-small-cell lung cancer after induction radio-chemotherapy: the microscopic seed of doubt. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;40:656–663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Waele M, Hendriks J, Lauwers P, et al. Nodal status at repeat mediastinoscopy determines survival in non-small cell lung cancer with mediastinal nodal involvement, treated by induction therapy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006;29:240–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Schil PE, Hendriks JM, Lauwers P. Focus on treatment complications and optimal management surgery. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2014;3:181–186.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnett SA, Rusch VW, Zheng J, et al. Contemporary results of surgical resection of non-small cell lung cancer after induction therapy: a review of 549 consecutive cases. J Thorac Oncol. 2011;6:1530–1536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weder W, Collaud S, Eberhardt WE, et al. Pneumonectomy is a valuable treatment option after neoadjuvant therapy for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010;139:1424–1430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar