Oral and Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: prognostic and predictive parameters in the etiopathogenetic route

References

• Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, et al. GLOBOCAN 2012 version 1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013. globocan.iarc.fr. Accessed 2015 Jun 2
   Google Scholar
• Yakin M, Seo B, Hussaini H, et al. Human papillomavirus and oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma: the essentials. Aust Dent J, 2018 Sep 20. doi: 10.1111/adj.12652. [Epub ahead of print].
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mehrotra R, Gupta DK. Exciting new advances in oral cancer diagnosis: avenues to early detection. Head Neck Oncol. 2011;3:33.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brocklehurst P, Kujan O, O’Malley LA, et al. Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;11:Cd004150.
   Google Scholar
• Leemans CR, Snijders PJ, Brakenhoff RH. The molecular landscape of head and neck cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2018;18(5):269–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillison ML, D’souza G, Westra W, et al. Distinct risk factor profiles for human papillomavirus type 16–positive and human papillomavirus type 16–negative head and neck cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100(6):407–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ang KK, Harris J, Wheeler R, et al. Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(1):24–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks JE, Smith PG, Sessions DG, et al. Pharyngeal wall cancer: a reappraisal after comparison of treatment methods. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1985;111(2):79–85.
   Google Scholar
• O’Sullivan B, Huang SH, Su J, et al. Development and validation of a staging system for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer by the international collaboration on oropharyngeal cancer network for staging (ICON-S): a multicentre cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(4):440–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amin MB, Edge S, Greene F, et al. AJCC cancer staging manual. 8th ed. Springer; New York, NY; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Taghavi N, Yazdi I. Prognostic factors of survival rate in oral squamous cell carcinoma: clinical, histologic, genetic and molecular concepts. Arch Iran Med. 2015 May;18(5):314–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Naggar AK, Westra WH. p16 expression as a surrogate marker for HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinoma: a guide for interpretative relevance and consistency. Head Neck. 2012 Apr;34(4):459–461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Bai S, Carroll W, et al. Validation of the risk model: high-risk classification and tumor pattern of invasion predict outcome for patients with low-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol. 2013 Sep;7(3):211–223.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prabhu RS, Hanasoge S, Magliocca KR, et al. Extent of pathologic extracapsular extension and outcomes in patients with nonoropharyngeal head and neck cancer treated with initial surgical resection. Cancer. 2014;120(10):1499–1506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis KS, Lim CM, Clump DA, et al. Tumor volume as a predictor of survival in human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer. Head Neck. 2016 Apr;38(Suppl. 1):E1613–E1617.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lewis JS, Scantlebury JB, Luo J, et al. Tumor cell anaplasia and multinucleation are predictors of disease recurrence in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, including among just the human papillomavirus-related cancers. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36(7):1036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westra WH. The pathology of HPV-related head and neck cancer: implications for the diagnostic pathologist. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2015;32(1):42–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chernock RD, El-Mofty SK, Thorstad WL, et al. HPV-related nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: utility of microscopic features in predicting patient outcome. Head Neck Pathol. 2009;3(3):186–194.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang TY, Hsu LP, Wen YH, et al. Predictors of loco regional recurrence in early stage oral cavity cancer with free surgical margins. Oral Oncol. 2010;46(1):49–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinn SB, Spector ME, Bellile EL, et al. Impact of perineural invasion in the pathologically N0 neck in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;149(6):893–899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizzardi C, Torelli L, Barresi E, et al. BUBR1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship to tumor stage and survival. Head Neck. 2011;33(5):727–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarden Y. The EGFR family and its ligands in human cancer. Signaling mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Eur J Cancer. 2001;4:S3–S8.
   Google Scholar
• Siwak D, Carey M, Hennessy B, et al. Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor in epithelial ovarian cancer: current knowledge and future challenges. J Oncol. 2010;568938.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aquino G, Pannone G, Santoro A, et al. pEGFR-Tyr 845 expression as prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a tissue-microarray study with clinic-pathological correlations. Cancer Biol Ther. 2012 Sep;13(11):967–977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hynes N, Lane H. ERBB receptors and cancer: the complexity of targeted inhibitors. Nat Rev. 2005 May;5:341–354.
   Google Scholar
• Okamoto I. Epidermal growth factor receptor in relation to tumor development: EGFR-targeted anticancer therapy. FEBS J. 2010;277:309–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwentner I, Witsch-Baumgartner M, Sprinzl GM, et al. Identification of the rare EGFR mutation p.G796S as somatic and germline mutation in white patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck. 2008;30(8):1040–1044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orcutt KP, Parsons AD, Sibenaller ZA, et al. Erlotinib-mediated inhi-bition of EGFR signaling induces metabolic oxidative stress through NOX4. Cancer Res. 2011;71:3932–3940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen MW, Meltorn M, Damstrup L, et al. The type III epidermal growth factor receptor mutation. Biological significance and potential target for anti-cancer therapy. Ann Oncol. 2001;12(6):745–760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulanovski D, Stern Y, Roizman P, et al. Expression of EGFR and Cerb-B2 as prognostic factors in cancer of the tongue. Oral Oncol. 2004;40:532–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Temam S, Kawaguchi H, El-Naggar A, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor copy number alterations correlate with poor clinical outcome in patients with head and neck squamous cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:2164–2170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang SH, O’Sullivan B. Oral cancer: current role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Medicina Oral Patologia Oral y Cirurgia Bucal. 2013;18(2):233–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pidone F, Noguti J, Oshima C, et al. Effective targeting of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for treating of oral cancer: a promising approach. Anticancer Res. 2014;34:1547–1552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turkson J, Bowman T, Garcia R, et al. Stat3 activation by Src induces specific gene regulation and is required for cell transformation. Mol Cell Biol. 1998;18(5):2545–2552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masuda M, Suzui M, Yasumatu R, et al. Constitutive activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 correlates with cyclin D1overexpression and may provide a novel prognostic marker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2002;62(12):3351–3355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Guo A, Yu J, et al. Identification of STAT3 as a substrate of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase T. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104(10):4060–4064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeman RJ, Lui VW, Grandis JR. STAT3 as a therapeutic target in head and neck cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2006;6:231–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Ordoñez B, Beauchemin M, Jordan RC. Molecular biology of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Clin Pathol. 2006;59(5):445–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh B, Wreesman V, Pfister DG, et al. Chromosomal aberrations in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma do not vary based on severity of tobacco/alcohol exposure. BMC Genet. 2002;3:22–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahrendt SA, Chow JT, Yang SC, et al. Alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking increase the frequency of p53 mutations in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer Res. 2000;60:3155–3159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lothaire P, Dequanter EAD, Lalami Y, et al. Molecular markers of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: promisingsigns in need of prospective evaluation. Head Neck. 2006;28(3):256–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denaro N, Lo Nigro C, Natoli G, et al. The role of p53 and MDM2 in head and neck cancer. ISRN Otolaryngol. 2011 Dec 7;2011:931813.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perrone F, Bossi P, Cortelazzi B, et al. TP53 mutations and pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant cisplatin and fluorouracil chemotherapy in resected oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(5):761–766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YH, Kim SM, Kim YK, et al. Evaluation of survivin as a prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2010;39(5):368–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey MK, Prasad S, Tyagi AK, et al. Targeting cell survival proteins for cancer cell death. Pharmaceuticals. 2016;25:9.
   Google Scholar
• Wang A, Liu X, Sheng S, et al. Dysregulation of heat shock protein 27 expression in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 2009;9:167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirano S, Suzuki ST, Redies C. The cadherin superfamily in neural development: diversity, function and interaction with other molecules. Front Biosci. 2003;8:306–355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang HW, Chow V, Lam KY, et al. Loss of E-cadherin expression resulting from promoter hypermethylation in oral tongue carcinoma and its prognostic significance. Cancer. 2001;94:386–392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith A, Teknos NT, Pan Q. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 2013;49(4):287–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeda M, Johnson KR, Wheelock MJ. Cadherin switching: essential for behavioral but not morphological changes during an epithelium-to-mesenchyme transition. J Cell Sci. 2005;118:873–887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Domenico M, Pierantoni GM, Feola A, et al. Prognostic significance of N-cadherin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2011 Dec;31(12):4211–4218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabbiani G. Evolution and clinical implications of the myofibroblast concept. Cardiovasc Res. 1998;38:545–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thannickal VJ, Lee DY, White ES, et al. Myofibroblast differentiation by transforming growth factor-beta1 is dependent on cell adhesion and integrin signaling via focal adhesion kinase. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:12384–12389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhowmick NA, Neilson EG, Moses HL. Stromal fibroblasts in cancer initiation and progression. Nature. 2004;432:332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thode C, Jørgensen TG, Dabelsteen E, et al. Significance of myofibroblasts in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2011;40:201–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyzas PA, Stefanou D, Batistatou A, et al. Prognostic significance of VEGF immunohistochemical expression and tumor angiogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2005 Sep;131(9):624–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upile T, Jerjes W, Kafas P, et al. Salivary VEGF: a non-invasive angiogenic and lymphangiogenic proxy in head and neck cancer prognostication. Inter Arch Med. 2009 Apr 24;2(1):12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li H, Yang B, Huang J, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 in tumor-associated macrophages promotes breast cancer cell survival by triggering a positive-feedback loop between macrophages and cancer cells. Oncotarget. 2015;6:29637–29650.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santoro A, Bufo P, Russo G, et al. Expression and clinical implication of cyclooxygenase-2 and e-cadherin in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Biol Ther. 2015;28.
   Google Scholar
• Byatnal AA, Byatnal A, Sen S, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2: an imperative prognostic biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study. Pathol Oncol Res. 2015 Sep;21(4):1123–1131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang CC, Tu HF, Wu CH, et al. Up-regulation of HB-EGF by the COX-2/PGE2 signaling associates with the cisplatin resistance and tumor recurrence of advanced HNSCC. Oral Oncol. 2016;56:54–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaupel P, Mayer A. Hypoxia in cancer: significance and impact on clinical outcome. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2007;26(2):225–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckert AW, Kappler M, Schubert J, et al. Correlation of expression of hypoxia-related proteins with prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;16:189–196.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kang FW, Gao Y, Que L, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α overexpression indicates poor clinical outcomes in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med. 2013;5:112–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson WR, Hay MP. Targeting hypoxia in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2011;11:393–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei Y, Xie Y, Tan YS, et al. Telltale tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in oral, head & neck cancer. Oral Oncol. 2016;61:159–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zito Marino F, Ascierto PA, Rossi G, et al. Are tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes protagonist or background actors in patients selection for cancer immunotherapy? Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2017 Jun;17(6):735–746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Q, Wang C, Yuan X, et al. Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Oncol. 2017;10(1):10–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen N, Bellile E, Thomas D, et al. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck, 2016 Jul;38(7):1074-1084.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HR, Ha SJ, Hong MH, et al. PD-L1 expression on immune cells, but not on tumor cells, is a favorable prognostic factor for head and neck cancer patients. Sci Rep. 2016 Nov 14;6:36956.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karpathiou G, Casteillo F, Giroult JB, et al. Prognostic impact of immune microenvironment in laryngeal and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: immune cell subtypes, immuno-suppressive pathways and clinicopathologic characteristics. Oncotarget. 2017 Mar 21;8(12):19310–19322.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bauman JE, Cohen E, Ferris RL, et al. Immunotherapy of head and neck cancer: emerging clinical trials from a National Cancer Institute Head and Neck Cancer Steering Committee Planning Meeting. Cancer, 2016 Apr 1;123(7):1259-1271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seiwert TY, Burtness B, Mehra R, et al. Safety and clinical activity of pembrolizumab for treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-012): an open-label, multicentre, phase 1b trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Jul;17(7):956–965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamali Z, Asl Aminabadi N, Attaran R, et al. MicroRNAs as prognostic molecular signatures in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 2015 Apr;51(4):321–331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brito JAR, Gomes CC, Als G, et al. Relationship between microRNA expression levels and histopathological features of dysplasia in oral leukoplakia. J Oral Pathol Med. 2014;43(3):211–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yen YC, Shiah SG, Chu HC, et al. Reciprocal regulation of MicroRNA-99a and insulin-like growth factor I receptor signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Mol Cancer. 2014;13(1):article6.
   Google Scholar
• Park NJ, Zhou H, Elashoff D, et al. Salivary microRNA: discovery, characterization, and clinical utility for oral cancer detection. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Sep 1;15(17):5473-5477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacLellan SA, Lawson J, Baik J, et al. Differential expression of mi RNAs in the serum of patients with high‐risk oral lesions. Cancer Med. 2012;1(2):268–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Huang H, Sun L, et al. MiR-21 indicates poor prognosis in tongue squamous cell carcinomas as an apoptosis inhibitor. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15(12):3998–4008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner DO, Williams-Cocks SJ, Bullen R, et al. High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) screening and detection in healthy patient saliva samples: a pilot study. BMC Oral Health. 2011;11(1):28.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiseman SM, Swede H, Stoler DL, et al. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in nonsmokers and nondrinkers: an analysis of clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment outcomes. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;10(5):551–557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westra WH. The changing face of head and neck cancer in the 21st century: the impact of HPV on the epidemiology and pathology of oral cancer. Head Neck Pathol. 2009;3(1):78–81.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leemans CR, Braakhuis BJ, Brakenhoff RH. The molecular biology of head and neck cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2011;11(1):9–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pannone G. Evaluation of a combined triple method to detect causative HPV in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: p16 Immunohistochemistry, Consensus polymerase chain reaction human papillomavirus-DNA, and in situ hybridization. Infect Agent Cancer. 2012;7(4):1–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stoddard DG Jr, Keeney MG, Gao G, et al. Transcriptional activity of HPV in inverted papilloma demonstrated by in situ hybridization for E6/E7 mRNA. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Apr;152(4):752–758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris SL, Thorne LB, Seaman WT, et al. Association of p16(INK4a) overexpression with improved outcomes in young patients with squamous cell cancers of the oral tongue. Head Neck. 2011 Nov;33(11):1622–1627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar B, Cordell KG, Lee JS, et al. EGFR, p16, HPV titer, Bcl-xL and p53, sex, and smoking as indicators of response to therapy and survival in oropharyngeal cancer. J clin oncol. 2008 Jul;26(19):3128–3137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma G, Vishnoi K, Tyagi A, et al. Characterization of key transcription factors as molecular signatures of HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative oral cancers. Cancer Med. 2017;6(3):591–604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Sturgis EM, Lei D, et al. Human papillomavirus seropositivity synergizes with MDM2 variants to increase the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2010 Sep 15;70(18):7199-7208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller LM, Galloway TJ, Holdbrook T, et al. p16 status, pathologic and clinical characteristics, biomolecular signature, and long‐term outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas of unknown primary. Head Neck. 2014;36(12):1677–1684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balermpas P, Michel Y, Wagenblast J, et al. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes predict response to definitive chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer. Br J Cancer. 2014;110(2):501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunn GR, Zubair A, Peters C, et al. Two Listeria monocytogenes vaccine vectors that express different molecular forms of human papilloma virus-16 (HPV-16) E7 induce qualitatively different T cell immunity that correlates with their ability to induce regression of established tumors immortalized by HPV-16. J Iimmunol. 2001;167:6471–6479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward MJ, Thirdborough SM, Mellows T, et al. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes predict for outcome in HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2014 Jan 21;110(2):489–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HS, Lee JY, Lim SH, et al. Association between PD-L1 and HPV status and the prognostic value of PD-L1 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res Treat. 2016 Apr;48(2):527–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyford-Pike S, Peng S, Young GD, et al. Evidence for a role of the PD-1: PD-L1pathway in immune resistance of HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2013 Mar 15;73(6):1733–1741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taube JM, Klein AP, Brahmer JR, et al. Association of PD-1, PD-1 ligands, and other features of the tumor immune microenvironment with response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Oct 1;20(19):5064-5074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirghani H, Ugolin N, Ory C, et al. Comparative analysis of micro‐RNAs in human papillomavirus–positive versus–negative oropharyngeal cancers. Head Neck. 2016;38(11):1634–1642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hay A, Nixon IJ. Recent advances in the understanding and management of oropharyngeal cancer. F1000Res. 2018 Aug 30;7. pii: F1000 Faculty Rev-1362.
   Google Scholar
• Budach W, Bölke E, Kammers K, et al. Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent radio-chemotherapy versus concurrent radio-chemotherapy alone as treatment of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC): a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Radiother Oncol. 2016;118(2):238–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar